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남경란 배달말학회 2003 배달말 Vol.32 No.-
12세기 고려본*高麗本)으로 추정되는 《대방광불화엄경소 권35》는 절첩(折帖)본으로 입?팀?묵서(墨書)로 기입되어 있으며, 자형은 총 69가지가 나타난다. 입?팀?기입 시기는 12세기 초반으로 추정되는 이 자료는 입?팀?필사(筆寫)가 정교하고 세밀하게 기입되어 있으며 지금까지 알려진 새김을 보다 더 명확하게 하기 위해 '與', '甲', '勿', '又', '三', '??' 등의 보조자(補助字)의 사용이 두드러진다. 결합유형 가운데 특히 자형 '八', '??', '支', '尸', '七'이 결합된 유형들이 많이 나타나며 이들 결합유형의 새김은 중세한국어 언해 자료와 대조할 수 있는 것들이 많다. In the origin of the overlapped, Ipgyeoch of Daebang gwangbul-hwaeomgyeongso (35th volume) presumed to be the origin of Goryeo in the 12 century is written with the black letter, and the type is expressed as a total 69. The data in the beginning of the 12 century when the period of Ipgyeoch presumed have been written detailedly and elaborately with the transcription of Ipgyeoch, and it is the best faithful datum among Ipgyeoch data, which have been informed so far, in explaining Chinses. To do more clearly the interpreted original, the use of the assistant letters such as '與', '甲', '勿', '又', '三', '??' and so on is remarkable. Especially, types such as '八', '??', '支', '尸', '七' among the joined types are expressed very often, and there are so many things to compare these interpretations of the joined types with Middle Korean data explaining the original of Chinese to Korean.
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부정숙,조석호,정규하 대한기계학회 1990 대한기계학회논문집 Vol.14 No.6
본 연구에서는 5개의 원관으로 이루어진 일행관군에서의 원관 주위의 유동특 성의 해명과 유동장이 열전달에 미치는 영향등을 보다 상세히 밝히는데 목적이 있으며, 이를위해 원관의 표면압력, 관 주위의 유동장의 평균속도 및 난류강도, 관의 표면온도 등을 측정하였다. An experimental study is conducted to investigate the fluid flow and heat transfer around tubes arranged in line. All measurements are performed at Reynolds number 1.58*10$^{4}$ with varing tube spacings from the small pitch ratio(L/D=1.25) to the large pitch ratio(L/D=3.0). Mean static pressures and mean temperatures of the surface of tubes and mean velocities and turbulent intensities in tube banks are measured. The flow patterns and the characteristics of heat transfer are strongly influenced by the tube spacings. Especially, in the case of very small spacings(L/D=1.25), the flow between neighboring tubes becomes very stagnant and the heat transfer decreases. In the case of each tube spacing, the characteristics of heat transfer around the 3rd, the 4th and the 5th tubes are nearly similar to one another, because the flow around tubes becomes stable at the 3rd tubes. The local heat transfer has the peak value near the reattachment point which has the peak value of pressure, but the local heat transfer for the 2nd tube of L/D=1.25 without reattaching has the peak value at .theta.=75.deg.. For each pitch ratio, the mean heat transfer increases gradually toward the downstream tubes, because the oncoming flow through neighboring tubes comes closer to the forward and rear surfaces of the tube and the turbulent intensity becomes larger in the downstream direction.
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Persuasion effect of e-WOM: The Impact of Involvement and Ambiguity Tolerance
Chih-Chien Wang,Yi-Ting Wang 한국마케팅과학회 2010 마케팅과학연구 Vol.20 No.4
Prior to purchasing a new product, consumers search external information about the product to make a well-informed purchase decision and decrease the potential risk involved in buying products. Due to the popularity of Internet, e-WOM has already become an important information source for many consumers. The current study proposed the idea that the distribution and quantity of electronic word-of-mouth would be related to consumers’ purchase intentions. In addition, consumers’ personality trait of tolerance of ambiguity and involvement would also be related to purchase intention. Tolerance of ambiguity and personal involvement were as mediators for the influence of e-WOM on purchase intentions. This article conducted three studies in order to investigate the persuasion effects of e-WOM. A restaurant was selected as the target of e-WOM in all the three studies. Authors created a simulated online community for a gourmet restaurant in order to manipulate the experimental variables for the three studies. Study 1 examined the impact of consumers’ characteristics of tolerance of ambiguity and involvement on the persuasion effects of e-WOM. This article recruited 122 voluntary participants in an online community. After deleting redundant responses and responses with missing data, a remaining 83 completed responses were accepted for data analysis. Study 1 adopted Partial Least Squares (PLS) to test the influence of involvement and ambiguity tolerance on purchase intention. The explanatory power of the construct was 19.4% for purchase intention and the path linkages from consumers’ tolerance of ambiguity and involvement to purchase intention were all significant. This study results displayed that a positive relationship between involvement and purchase intention and a negative relationship between ambiguity tolerance and purchase intention. Study 2 utilized a three factorial design to test the relationship between the quantity of e-WOM and purchase intention. Three web pages containing one, five, or fifteen customer reviews were created as experimental scenarios. Study 2 recruited 150 participants in total. After deleting redundant responses and responses with missing data, the remaining 98 completed responses were accepted for data analysis. An ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in consumers’ purchase intention among three groups of e-WOM quantity (F(2,95)=3.55, p<.05). The e-WOMs with five and 15 customer reviews influenced respondents to visit the restaurant, while the e-WOM with one customer review did not. Study 2 also used a t-test analysis to examine the differences in purchase intention between groups of one and 15 customer reviews. The results revealed that high involvement consumers reported higher purchase intentions in the 15 customer review group than in the one customer review (t=2.35, p<.05). Study 3 utilized a three factorial design to test the influence of distribution of e-WOMs on purchase intention. It included three e-WOM rating score distributions: J-shape, U-shape, and inverted U-shape (normal distribution). Study 3 recruited a total of 329 participants. After deleting redundant responses and responses with missing data, the remaining 215 completed responses were accepted for data analysis. ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in purchase intentions among groups with different e-WOM rating score distributions (F(2, 212)=3.59, p<.05). Participants reported higher intention to dine at the restaurant when the rating score distribution was J-shape. The ANOVA results also found that the impact of e-WOM distribution on persuasion effect existed only in the high involvement group. For high involvement consumers, J-shape e-WOMs increase consumers purchase intention compared to other distributions. Base on the analyses of the three empirical studies, this article revealed that e-WOMs were more persuasive for individuals with high involvement and low ambiguity tolerance. Low ambiguity tol...
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