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- 주제어 : 『The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century』 (검색결과 2 건)
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이희만 숭실대학교 역사문물연구소 2018 숭실사학 Vol.0 No.40
With the assumption that the twelfth century renaissance and the long twelfth century are closely related, this article aims to shed light on the meaning of the twelfth century renaissance, its main research trends, and the characteristics of the long twelfth century. The Renaissance of Twelfth Century by Charles Haskins contributed to dispelling the prejudice that the middle ages were dark and stagnant and brought a new understanding of the dynamism and the creativity of the culture of European society in the twelfth century. It was Haskins who established the twelfth century renaissance as a historical term and spread it widely. Haskins defined the twelfth century renaissance not as are revival of classicism from a narrow perspective, but as an intellectual-cultural movement from a broad perspective. He criticized Jacob Burckhardt’s view of renaissance which underlined the historical and cultural discontinuity between the Middle Ages and the Italian Renaissance. The Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century published in 1982 is also an important book because it showed not only the influence of classicism on architecture, arts, and law, but also the new approaches to the sources of the twelfth century renaissance like positive attitude to nature and society. On the other hand, owing to the influence of postmodernism against modernity, the research trends in the twelfth century renaissance changed greatly. Thus, there were changes in three major paradigms. First, there was an increase of interest in women and the social weak which had been neglected because of the interest in the public field such as state and institutions. Second, the interest in the mentalité of people of the middle ages increased. Third, the research of the vernacular renaissance grew. Recently, some historians tried to understand the twelfth century with the terms of the long twelfth century, similar to the longue durée. They understand the twelfth century chronically not from one century merely, but from two or three centuries, that is, considering a long process. They regard the history and culture of twelfth century as a set of cumulative and continuous growths which began in the eleventh century and lasted to the thirteenth century. A distinctive characteristic of these historians is that they view the long twelfth century as the period of transformations. They also recognize significant changes in certain fields such as law, cities, knowledge, and religion as revolution. I consider the long twelfth century as an important case study on how to understand not only the twelfth renaissance and but also the high middle ages in terms of long term and structure.
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C. H. 해스킨스의 '12세기 르네상스론'에 대한 사학사적 검토
박민아(Park Min A) 한국사학사학회 2014 韓國史學史學報 Vol.0 No.30
20세기 초 미국의 혁신주의가 현저히 모습을 드러내고 그 중심에는 윌슨주의가 팽배해 있었던 시대적 상황 속에서 해스킨스는 현실정치에 적극적으로 참여하였던 역사가였다. 1927년에 출간된 해스킨스의 『12세기 르네상스』는 미국이 강대국으로 성장해나가는 전환기적 시대 흐름 속에서 요구되었던 강력한 정치적 이데올로기의 결과물이었다. 해스킨스가 『12세기 르네상스』에서 강조하였던 지식인들의 대두, 관료제와 중앙집권화의 시작, 대학의 형성은 오늘날 근대국가가 탄생하게 된 지적 배경이 되었다. 해스킨스는 12세기 유럽의 지적 혁명과 제도적 변화들을 20세기 미국의 강력한 국가 만들기를 위한 발전 모델로 인식했던 것이다. 『12세기 르네상스』로 대변되는 해스킨스의 '12세기 르네상스론'은 중세에 대한 근대적 의제를 고취시킴으로써 중요한 시사점을 던져주었다. 중세의 근대성을 강조했던 해스킨스의 '12세기 르네상스론'은 미국 중세사 분야에서 중세주의적 해석의 전형으로 자리매김하고 있다. 또한 미국에서 중세사가 학문으로서 저변 확대되는 계기를 마련하였다는 점에서 중세사 연구의 초석이 되기도 하였다. 그러나 해스킨스가 '12세기 르네상스론'을 주장한 배경은 중앙집권적 국가 모델이 되었던 12세기 유럽에서 20세기 미국의 역사적 교훈을 얻고자한데 있었다. 말하자면 해스킨스의 '12세기 르네상스론'은 중세가 없는 젊은 국가 미국의 역사적 기원을 12세기 중세 유럽의 역사를 통해 이어받고자 했던 것으로 목적론적ㆍ현재주의적 역사관이 반영된 해석이었다. During that period of pervasive Progressivism and Wilsonism in America, Haskins was a historian who participated actively in realistic politics. Haskins argued against Jacob Burckhardt' assertion that the Italian Renaissance started in the 14th and 15th century by insisting 'the theory of the 12th century Renaissance'. While America was growing as 'the Great Powers', 『The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century』, which was published in 1927, was the product of a powerful political ideology. Haskins acknowledged that an intellectual revolution and institutional change were essential for the 12th century of Europe development model to make 20th century America the Great Powers. According to Haskins, the birth of a modern state on those times was based upon intellectual backgrounds, such as the appearance of intellectuals, the beginning of bureaucracy and centralization, the formation of the university which Haskins emphasized in 『The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century』. 'The theory of the 12th-century renaissance' of Haskins to stress the modernity of the Middle Ages is recognized as the archetype of the interpretation of Medievalism. During that period Haskins expanded the base of learning into Western Medieval History through it, his theory also laid the foundation of studies of Medieval History. 'The theory of the 12th century renaissance' of Haskins is full of implications and suggestions by inspiring the agenda of modernity. But the background to claim 'the theory of the 12th century Renaissance' is to learn a historical lesson by taking up 12th Europe as the model of a centralized state. Again, Haskins hoped America, which was absent the Middle Ages, to succeed the 12th century history of Europe. That is to say, 'the theory of the 12th century Renaissance' of Haskins is reflected in his teleological-realistic historical view.
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