효과적인 CPTED를 위한 범죄위험평가의 도구 및 항목

조영진,김서영,박현호 경찰대학 치안정책연구소 2016 치안정책연구 Vol.30 No.3

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) emphasizes the physical environmental factors of crime occurring sites among many other factors of crime. CPTED is known to be effective for opportunistic property crimes such as burglary and so it is important to have systematic CPTED-driven environmental planning and designing for urban space. Previous CPTED studies suggested basic principles, strategic approaches and focused on assessment methodologies for crime indices and the improvement of crime foreseeing. However, evaluating the detailed crime risk of a development site is critical for efficient and effective real-life CPTED practice. Although the government guideline and several local ordinances merely recommend a crime risk assessment (hereafter CRA) of related sites, there is no specific risk assessment models or tools for practical uses. This study reviewed domestic and overseas use cases of CRA and categorized six different CRA tools to find out crime risk level, crime generating spots and crime generating factors. The six CRA tools are surveys, crime data analyses and demographic statistical data analyses for identifying crime generating factors and risk levels, and interviews, crime density analyses and space analyses for exploring crime spots. This CRA tools are needed to be verified in terms of validity and reliability through series of realistic site evaluations in the near future. Also the CRA tools have to be utilized by the systematic selection of each tool according to the specific context of development sites. Following studies should concentrate on developing effective CRA models by using the CRA tools. 범죄 발생에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인 중 범죄발생 장소의 환경적 요인에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 CPTED의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이에 따라 수행된 기존 CPTED 연구들은 기본원리와 실천전략 등 이론 중심의 연구와 범죄위험평가, 범죄발생지표 관련 평가방법론을 다 각도로 제시하고 있으나 사업 대상지의 특성에 맞는 실용적 평가 도구나 항목을 제시하지 못하는 한계를 드러내고 있다. 또한 정부 및 지자체에서 발표한 CPTED관련 고시와 조례 등 제도에서 범죄위험평가 수행을 권장하고있지만 대상지 특성과 사업 여건에 따라 활용할 수 있는 구체적인 평가도구 및 항목 모델은 부재한 실정이다. 이에 이 연구에서는 보다 실효성 있는 평가를 위해 국내․외 사례 분석을 통해 6가지 범죄위험평가도구를 유형화하여 선정하였으며, 선정된 도구를 통해 범죄발생정도(위험도), 범죄발생지점(장소) 그리고 범죄유발요인(위험인자)을 확인할 것을 제안하였다. 선정되어 각각 구체적인 평가항목들을 제시한 6가지 범죄위험평가 도구는 범죄 위험요인 및 위험도 확인을 위한 설문조사, 범죄자료분석, 인구통계학적 분석 도구와 범죄위험지점 확인을 위한 인터뷰조사, 범죄밀도분석, 공간분석이다. 향후 본 연구에서 유형화한 범죄유발요인 측정도구를 활용하여 대상지를 평가해봄으로써 도구의 타당성을 검증해볼 필요가 있으며, CPTED 실무에서 사업 및 대상지 특성에 따라 도구를 선택적으로 활용할 수 있도록 범죄위험평가모델 개발에 대한 연구가 추가적으로 진행되어야 할 것이다.

한국형 분노범죄의 원인과 대응방안에 관한 연구

이은영,최순실 한국교정복지학회 2019 교정복지연구 Vol.0 No.59

On April 17, 2019, a man in his forties intentionally set fire to his apartment in Jinju, South Gyeongsang Province and randomly swung knives at the residents trying to escape. Five people died and thirteen were injured. The majority of the victims were weak people, such as children, women, and elders, and most journalists reported that it was a so-called 'motiveless crime,' which often targets an unspecified number of the general public. The number of anger-based murder cases caused by dissatisfaction with the reality as well as inadvertently is annually on the increase and the people feel a greater sense of insecurity; this study aimed to conceptualize and categorize crimes of passion correctly, prevent them, and present effective countermeasures against them. A crime of passion was once defined as a crime committed by individuals who fail to contain anger, have a fit of anger even at trivial things, and are dissatisfied with social realities. However, it has not been clearly defined but been conceptualized as a motiveless crime, a random crime, or a crime committed by those having mental illness, such as schizophrenia; the absence of consistent causes and countermeasures and the difficulty in building an inter-institution cooperation system prevent us from coping well with those crimes. This study defined all of the crimes caused by the lack of ability to control emotions, the random crimes based on the tendency toward abnormal motives, and the crimes caused by mental illness as Korean-style crimes of passion and carried out case analyses to determine the causes of each crime of passion and characterize it. Efforts were made to make these crimes of passion recognized as social problems, build a safety net at the national level, take countermeasures of preventing crimes and second convictions, and reinforce inter-institution connection with the objective of coping with the crimes. In addition, an alternative was presented by introducing a virtual-reality program for anger control to use special imaging technology to provide a virtual world and cultivate anger control and social skills in a therapeutic way. Korean-style crimes of passion have gone beyond the acceptable scope for individuals because of the diversified society and the presence of personal stressors. It is essential to take a social countermeasure against the anger expressed in extreme forms. It is therefore necessary to form a consultative body at the national level and take effective countermeasures. 2019년 4월 17일 경남 진주에서 40대 남성이 자신의 아파트에 고의로 불을 지른 후 대피하는 이웃을 상대로 흉기를 마구 휘둘러 5명이 사망하고, 13명이 다치는 등 18명의 사상자가 나온 사건이 발생했다. 특히 대다수의 피해자들이 어린이·여성·노인 등의 약자들이었고, 대다수의 언론들은 이에 대해 불특정 다수를 향한 이른바 ‘묻지마 범죄’라고 보도하였다. 매년 우발적·현실 불만으로 인한 분노살인사건이 증가하고 있음에 따라 국민들의 불안감이 점차 커지고 있는 상황에서 분노범죄의 정확한 개념과 범주를 설정하여 이를 예방하기 위한 효과적인 대응방안을 본고에서 제시하고자 한다. 기존의 분노범죄라 함은 개인의 화를 주체하지 못하여 작은 일에 욱하고, 사회현실에 불만을 가진 자들의 범죄라고 정의하였다. 그러나 최근 ‘묻지마 범죄’·‘무차별 범죄’·조현병 등과 같은 정신질환을 앓고 있는 사람들의 범죄까지 포함되고 있어 그 개념의 정의가 명확하지 않으며 각 범죄들마다의 원인과 대응책이 일관성이 없고, 기관과의 협업체계 구축이 어려움에 따라 제대로 대응하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본고에서는 감정조절 능력부족에 의한 범죄, 이상동기 경향을 가진 무차별적 범죄, 정신질환의 원인으로 촉발된 범죄 등 모두를 통틀어 ‘한국형 분노범죄’라 정의하고 이에 대한 사례분석을 통하여 각 분노범죄의 원인과 특징을 살펴보았다. 또한 이러한 분노범죄에 효과적으로 대응하기 위하여 사회적 문제로의 인식을 분명히 하고, 범국가적 차원의 안전망을 구축함으로써 범죄를 예방하며 재범을 방지하는 등의 대응책을 통하여 기관 연계체계 강화 방안을 모색하였다. 뿐만 아니라 분노조절 가상현실 프로그램을 도입하여 특수 영상촬영기술 등을 이용해 현실세계를 가상적으로 제공하고, 그 안에서 분노조절과 사회기술 능력을 키우는 치유 기법을 그 대안으로 제시하고자 하였다. 사회가 다변화되면서 개인이 받는 스트레스 요인이 곳곳에 상존하고 있어 이를 수용할 수 있는 범위를 넘어섰다고 할 수 있다. 결국 이러한 분노가 극단적인 형태로 표출되고 있는 만큼 이에 대한 사회적 대안 마련의 필요성이 매우 시급하다. 이에 국가적 차원의 협의체를 구성하여 효과적인 대응책을 마련하여야 할 것이다.

공식적․비공식적 통제가 상점주의 범죄예방활동에 미치는 영향

홍태경 한국민간경비학회 2011 한국민간경비학회보 Vol.0 No.17

Formal social control such as police activities has been attracting attention as a factor to have important influences on crimes along with community characteristics such as social cohesion, social disorganization, and community disorder. Considering that the decisive factor in crimes is control such as supervision, however, the ability to prevent a crime on an individual level can play an important role, as well. Thus this study set out to test the effects of macroscopic formal and informal social control on efforts to prevent crimes on an individual level. The subjects were limited to the owners of small-scale stores in Daegu. The independent variables of the study were police activities, social cohesion, community disorder, and fear of crime, and the dependent ones were the store owners' efforts to prevent crimes. Total 262 store owners filled out a questionnaire, and their responses were put to regression analysis. The results were as follows:First, it turned out that age of the respondents' demographic characteristics had significant impacts on their efforts to prevent crimes. The direction of their influences was negative; the older they were, the less effort they made including installing a double-lock system, emergency bell, or CCTV. Second, police activities had the most powerful effects of the demographic characteristics and independent variables in a positive direction. Those store owners who thought that the police activities within the community were active tended to make many personal efforts to prevent crimes. Finally, the effects of social cohesion and community disorder were tested at a low level(p<.10). They had different directions in effects; the more social cohesion they were aware of, the more individual efforts to prevent crimes they made; and the more community disorder they were aware of, the less individual efforts to prevent crimes they made. Fear of crime had no influence on the store owners' efforts to prevent crimes. In short, formal social control has bigger influences on individual-level crime control than informal social control. Such police activities as patrol and crime prevention diagnosis not only are effective in preventing crimes, but also play a positive role in increasing efforts to prevent crimes on an individual level.

부진정부작위범의 동치성 요건과 행위정형동가치설 - 독일에서의 논의를 중심으로 -

김동률 한국형사정책학회 2023 刑事政策 Vol.35 No.2

correspondence with the crime by act is accepted as a general requirement for the crime by omission. In other words, correspondence with the crime by act is required, and it is recognized when two conditions are met: ①the guarantor position and ②equivalence of the form of the act. However, correspondence requires that the crime by omission and the crime by act are on an equal level in terms of content and illegality, and different standards must be applied to review this according to the type of crime. First of all, in true result crimes where the illegality of an act is defined only by the result itself rather than the mode of the act, ②the equivalence of the form of the act is not a criterion for the crime by omission. In this case, if the existence of the guarantor position to prevent the occurrence of the result is confirmed, his omission can be evaluated as illegal equivalent to the crime by act. In other words, in the case of true result crimes, ②the equivalence of the act is not a requirement for correspondence. This is because it is impossible to demand the equivalence of the form of action for a crime that does not presuppose a specific form of action. However, it is different in the case of so-called behavior-related result crimes, in which the constituent requirements require not only the occurrence of a simple result but also that it be realized in a specific action method. Here, in order to constitute a crime by omission, ① not only the status of a guarantor but also ② the equivalence of the punishment of the act are required. The specific method of action required by the offender should be reflected in the omission, and it should be reviewed whether the illegality implied in the omission and appeared at an equal level in the omission. And this behavior-related result crime is the object to be reviewed for the equivalence of the behavioral pattern. 작위범과의 동치성은 부진정부작위범의 일반적인 성립요건으로 받아들여지고 있다. 즉 작위범과 그 불법에 있어서 동치성이 요구되고, 동치성은 ①보증인지위와 ② 행위정형의 동가치성이라는 두가지 요건이 갖추어졌을 때 인정된다는 것이다. 하지만 동치성은 부진정부작위범과 작위범이 그 내용과 불법에서 대등한 수준임을요구하는 것으로, 이를 검토하는 데에는 범죄의 유형에 따라 다른 기준이 적용되어야 한다. 먼저 행위의 불법이 행위의 태양보다는 발생한 결과 자체만으로 징표되는 진정결과범에 있어서는 ②행위정형의 동가치성은 부진정부작위범의 성립요건이 아니다. 이 경우에는 결과발생을 방지하여야 할 보증인지위의 존재만 확인되면 그의 부작위는 작위범의 작위와 동등한 불법으로 평가받을 수 있다. 즉 진정결과범에 있어서는②행위정형의 동가치성은 동치성의 요건이 아니다. 특정한 행위정형을 전제하지 않는 범죄에 행위정형의 동가치성을 요구하는 것 자체가 불가능하기 때문이다. 하지만 구성요건이 단순한 결과발생 뿐 아니라 그것이 특정한 행위방법으로 구현될 것을 요구하고 있는 이른바 행태관련적 결과범의 경우에는 부진정부작위범에 있어서도 ①보증인 지위 뿐만 아니라 ②행위정형의 동가치성이 요구된다. 즉 작위범이요구하는 특정한 행위방법이 부작위에 반영되어야 있어야 하고, 작위범에 내포된 불법이 부작위에 있어서도 동등한 수준으로 나타났는지가 검토되어야 한다. 그리고 이행태관련적 결과범이 바로 비로소 행위정형의 동가치성을 검토해야 하는 대상이다.

사기범죄의 예방정책을 위한 행동경제학 관점의 제언

홍승희 원광대학교 법학연구소 2022 圓光法學 Vol.38 No.4

Crime is not just punishable through punishment. Crime policy has already changed from a punitive nature in the past to a preventive nature today, and accordingly, policies to prevent crime should now be actively devised as a way to increase effectiveness from a long-term perspective. In recent years, both the national economy and the living economy have been chaotic, but looking back on the past history, there has been no time when it was not economically chaotic. Moreover, despite the unimaginably active increase in welfare policies in the past, it is not difficult to find the class still suffering from difficulties in survival, and the desire for goods is growing more than ever due to the growing wealth and wealth. Looking at the crime statistics of the past decade in this situation, the number of property crimes has increased remarkably among all crimes, especially among women and the elderly. In addition, it is possible to guess the dailyization of fraud crimes through the increase in small fraud cases, which shows that the trust effect on norms and the prevention effect through punishment are not effective. At this point, it is now necessary to find a new criminal policy plan, and as a plan, it is proposed to try to combine the behavioral economic perspective that has recently spread like a trend in each field in criminal policy. The behavioral economics point of view is that humans do not make more rational choices than they think, and these limited rational choices cause various characteristics of humans (heuristics and biases), but these characteristics have inherent limitations and also have a great environmental impact. Accordingly, in recent behavioral economics, the idea of free compassion is being directed as a national policy program. This free-temperate program is now introduced in criminal policy, showing that it is necessary to avoid the state's heavy punishment and change the direction of making rational choices (standard compliance) for the people. A representative method for implementing free compassion is ‘nudge’, which seems to be very useful in preventing fraudulent crimes in particularly fraudulent crimes. This is because, unlike other accidental crimes and property crimes, fraud crimes have a relatively long time gap such as deception, error, and disposition of the accused, so there is time to switch to the standard practice of knowledge. From this, fraudulent crimes are a good target to increase the preventive effect of knowledge, and it is necessary to seek specific measures.

『조세범 처벌법』 상 세금계산서 관련범과 죄수

김태희(Kim Tay) 한국세법학회 2016 조세법연구 Vol.22 No.2

1976. 12. 22. 부가가치세법이 제정되면서 같은 시기에 『조세범 처벌법』에도 세금계산서 관련 위법행위를 처벌하는 규정이 신설되었다.『조세범 처벌법』은 당초 실물거래를 동반한 세금계산서 교부 및 수취에 관한 위법행위만을 규율하다가, 1994. 12. 22. 무거래세금계산서 교부 및 수취에 관한 위법행위를 규율대상에 추가하였고, 2004. 12. 31. 세금계산서합계표 제출에 관한 위법행위를 더하였으며, 2005. 12. 29. 특가법 제8조의 2가 신설되어 ‘영리의 목적’으로 ‘공급가액 등의 합계액’이 30억 원 이상인 경우에는 가중처벌하게 되었다. 한편 2008년 전자세금계산서 제도가 도입되어 세금계산서 수수행위의 방식이 과거와는 완전히 달라지게 되었으며, 부가가치세법의 개정으로 전자세금계산서의 경우 그 합계표 제출의무가 면제되었다. 위와 같이 법령이 변천됨에 따라 조세포탈범과 세금계산서 관련범, 각 세금계산서 수수 범행 상호 간, 세금계산서 수수에 관한 위법행위와 그 합계표 제출에 관한 위법행위 상호 간의 죄수 문제는 논란의 중심에 서게 되었다. 일죄로 보는가 수죄로 보는가에 따라 처단형의 범위가 달라지고, 특히 조세범에 관하여 배액벌금제도를 택하고 있는 현행법하에서 자칫 벌금형이 몇 배로 상향될 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 특가법상 ‘공급가액 등의 합계액’의 획정범위에 따라 특가법에 해당하는지 여부가 달리 판단될 수 있기 때문에 위 문구의 해석 역시 중요한 명제가 되었다. 본고에서는 세금계산서 관련 범죄행위에 관하여 유형을 나누어 죄수를 고찰하였는바, ① 조세포탈범과 세금계산서 관련범은 별개의 범죄로 보아야 하고, ② 동일한 과세기간에 이루어진 수개의 세금계산서 수수 관련 위법행위는 포괄하여 일죄로 보아야 하며, ③ 특가법 제8조의 2를 적용함에 있어 세금계산서, 계산서, 각 그 합계표에 관한 공급가액을 모두 합산하여 일정액 이상인지를 판단하되, 합산기간을 제한하여 단일하고 계속된 범의 하에 동일한 범행 방법에 의하여 행한 경우에만 포괄하여 일죄로 보도록 하고, ④ 동일한 거래에 관하여 세금계산서 수수를 하고 그 합계표를 제출하였다면 이는 법조경합의 관계에 놓이게 되어 일죄가 되며, ⑤ 특히 전자세금계산서의 경우 그 합계표 제출행위도, 제출의무도 없으므로 세금계산서합계표에 관한 범죄는 성립하지 않는다는 점을 명백히 하였다. Along with the enactment of the Value-Added Tax Act on 22 December 1976, a new provision was added to the Punishment of Tax Evaders Act to punish unlawful acts related to tax invoices. The Punishment of Tax Evaders Act only used to penalize criminal acts related to the issuance and receipt of tax invoices that were accompanied by actual transactions. Then, on 22 December 1994 unlawful acts related to the issuance and receipt of tax invoices without actual transactions were added into the applicable scope of the Act. On 31 December 2004, unlawful acts concerning tax invoice summaries also became subject to the Act. On 29 December 2005, Article 8-2 of the Act on the Aggravated Punishment of Specific Crimes was enacted, to provide for a severer standard of punishment when the offender committed a tax invoices-related crime “for the purpose of profit” and the “aggregate amount of the supply value, etc.” was KRW 3 billion or more. Meanwhile in 2008, the electronic tax invoice system entered into effect, which caused a complete change to the way of issuance(receipt) of tax invoices. Also, by the amendment of the Value-Added Tax Act, electronic tax invoices became exempt from the obligation to submit tax invoice summaries. Through the series of changes in the relevant laws as demonstrated above, the issues of counting crimes for tax evasion offenses, tax invoices-related offenses, counting crimes for multiple acts of unlawfully receiving(issuing) of tax invoices, and for the two different acts of receiving(issuing) tax invoices and submitting tax invoice summaries became very controversial. The applicable scope of criminal penalty can vary depending on whether the relevant acts are understood as a single crime or multiple crimes. Especially, under the ‘several times amount fining system’ adopted in the current law, the amount of fine might become several times bigger due to the number of crimes that the relevant acts are found to constitute. In addition, the interpretation of the term “aggregate amount of the supply value, etc.” under the Act on the Aggravated Punishment of Specific Crimes also became an important issue, as this would determine whether certain acts could fall within the scope of this harsher Act. This paper analyzes how to count the number of crimes for various types of criminal acts related to tax invoices:① tax evasion offenses and tax invoices-related offenses should be understood as separate crimes;② multiple acts concerning the receipt(issuance) of tax invoices that happened during the ame taxation period should be viewed as one inclusive crime;③ to determine the applicability of Article 8-2 of the Act on the Aggravated Punishment of Specific Crimes, the supply values specified in each tax invoice, invoice, and tax invoice summary should be added together to the extent that all of the relevant acts can be considered to constitute one inclusive crime with a single, continuing criminal intent and with the same crime committing method;④ if a tax invoice is received(issued) and a tax invoice summary is submitted with respect to the same transaction, the two acts should be considered as one single crime under the theory of concurrence of provisions;and ⑤ in the special case of electronic tax invoices, the crimes related to tax invoice summaries are inapplicable, as there can be no acts of submitting tax invoice summaries or any obligations in relation thereto.

The Analysis of Effectiveness for CPTED Project Using Weighted Displacement Quotient (WDQ)

Son, Dongpil,Park, Yuna,Hyeon, Taehwan 대한국토·도시계획학회 2020 國土計劃 Vol.55 No.7

Since the 2000s, central and local governments have continued to push ahead with Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) projects in order to prevent crimes and reduce the public’s fear of crime. Various studies have been conducted of the effectiveness of CPTED projects with the spread of such project, by analyzing the rate of increase and decrease of crime and fear of crime before and after the project. Since then, studies have been conducted on the crime displacement effect and diffusion effect of crime control to nearby areas due to the CPTED project, for which analysis Weighted Displacement Quotient (WDQ) has been applied. This study conducted a WDQ analysis of theft and violent crimes for the CPTED project of the Seoul Metropolitan Government to analyze the crime displacement and diffusion of benefits, confirming that theft crime had the effect of spreading profits to buffer areas, while violent crime data did not confirm the crime displacement or diffusion of benefits. This study is meaningful in verifying that the CPTED project is effective in reducing theft crimes, whose effects spread to surrounding areas. However, for a precise analysis of the sustainability and net effects of the project, it is necessary to establish a methodology and propose a plan that can be applied with various statistical analysis tools in the future.

An Analysis on the Effect of Crime Prevention CCTV by Local Government

Shin, Jin-Dong,Pak, So-Yeon,Lee, Jong-Seol 대한국토·도시계획학회 2022 國土計劃 Vol.57 No.3

This study analyzed the reduction in five major crimes (murder, robbery, theft, violence, and sexual violence) owing to the effects of crime prevention CCTVs. The data used for the analysis were statistics of crime prevention CCTV data and five major crimes reported in local governments for 5 years (2015–2019). The effect was verified by correlation analysis and variance analysis method. According to the analysis results, first, the reduction effect differed for each type of crime. This was high in the order of violence < robbery < five major crimes < theft. However, the result of sexual violence was not significant. Second, the reduction effect differed depending on the number of the crime prevention CCTVs. Based on the number of crime prevention CCTVs per 10,000 population, the effective reduction rate was observed to be 36 units for theft and 60 units for the five major crimes/robbery/violence. Indeed, the effect might vary depending on the appropriateness of the installation site, such as a crime-prone area. This study is meaningful as the first study to analyze the effect of crime prevention CCTVs using the data of the entire country. The results of this study are expected to be utilized by local governments when establishing policies to prevent crimes and improve local safety indices by installing crime prevention CCTVs.

Crime Trend and Emerging Crime Types after Democratization in Modern Mongolia: The Effect of Social Transition and Urbanization

엔크볼드뱃지벡(Enkhbold Batzeveg),황의갑(Eui Gab Hwang) 한국테러학회 2014 한국테러학회보 Vol.7 No.4

본 연구는 공산권의 붕괴 이후인 1990년부터 최근 2012년까지 23년을 아우르는 기간동안의 범죄자료를 기반으로 몽골의 범죄추세를 탐구하였다. 범죄통계에 따르면 공산권의 붕괴와 민주화가 시작된 1990년부터 전반적인 범죄율이 상승하여 1997년에 최고점에 이르는 것을 알 수 있으며 이러한 7년기간 동안의 범죄율은 그 이전 7년 동안에 비해 157.7 퍼센트 상승하였으며 이는 최근 몇 십년 동안에 가장 높은 수치였다. 이러한 전반적인 몽골의 범죄율은 1998년부터 감소하는 추세를 보인다. 세부적인 범죄율 추이를 살펴 봤을 때, 몽골의 폭력범죄와 재산범죄의 비율은 지난 20여년에 걸쳐 높은 수준을 유지하였고 재산범죄의 수준이 폭력범죄보다 높았다. 그러나 1990년이후 계속하여 증가해온 일부 폭력범죄의 비율은 2008년에 대표적인 재산범죄인 절도율을 능가하기도 하였다. 몽골의 민주화 이후 급격한 사회변화에 따른 부작용이 범죄율의 증가와 어떠한 관계가 있는지를 중심으로 해석과 논의가 진행되었다. 최근 몽골의 사회적 문제로 부상하고 있는 인신매매, 마약, 문화재절도, 환경범죄 등의 심각성에 대해서도 논하였다. This study is to examine crime trend in Mongolia encompassing a period of 23 years between 1990 and 2012, from after the collapse of communism until recent days. Statistically, crime rate began to rise in 1990, and peaked in 1997 which accounted for 157.7 percent more than previous seven years and it is still considered the highest peak within last few decades. The crime rate started decreasing from 1998. According to the relevant statistics, two highly committed crime types, property and violent crimes, stayed significantly increased for last two decades and overall the rate on crime against property was higher than that of violent crime. Since 1990, however, a violent crime rate, especially assault rate, started rising year by year and even exceeded the rate of the most frequent property crime, theft, from 2008. It is discussed that there is a direct correlation between negative social phenomena which caused by drawbacks of Mongolia's transition period and increased crime rate. Emerging crimes in Mongolia are also addressed. These crimes include trafficking of humans, drug related crime, trafficking of cultural property, and environment crime.

5대 범죄와 물리적 환경 영향요인의 상관성 분석

신민규,김의명 한국지도학회 2018 한국지도학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) reduces the opportunities for crime by improving the physical environmental factors that cause crime in urban space such as architectural design and urban planning, making citizens feel less fear of crime and maintain safety. The purpose of this study was to extract the vulnerable areas of crime by analyzing the relation between physical environmental factors and crime. For this purpose, multiple regression linear analysis was performed to estimate the weight for extracting vulnerable crime areas using the number of five major crimes including murder, robbery, rape, theft, and violence as dependent variables and physical environmental factors as independent variables, respectively. By applying the estimated weights, vulnerable areas of crime in urban areas were extracted. Experiments focused on urban areas have shown that narrow road width and temporary buildings have a great impact on the occurrence of murder and violent crime. In addition, when the road width is narrow and the blind spot is large, the robbery and rape crimes are frequent, and when there are temporary buildings and unpaved roads, theft crime occurs. 환경설계를 통한 범죄예방은 건축설계나 도시계획 등 도시공간에서 발생하는 범죄를 유발시키는 물리적인 환경요인의개선을 통해서 범죄가 발생할 기회를 줄이고 도시민에게 범죄에 대한 두려움을 덜 느끼게 하고 안전감을 유지하게 하는 기법이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 도시의 물리적 환경요인과 범죄와의 관계를 분석하여 범죄발생에 취약한 지역을 추출하는 것을 목적으로하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 살인, 강도, 강간, 절도, 폭력의 5대 범죄건수와 물리적 환경요인을 각각 종속변수와 독립변수로 두고다중회귀선형분석을 수행하여 범죄취약지 추출을 위한 가중치로 산정하였다. 산정된 가중치를 적용하여 도시지역의 범죄취약지를추출하였으며, 도시지역을 중심으로 한 실험을 통해서 좁은 도로폭과 가건물은 살인 및 폭력 범죄발생에 많은 영향을 미치는것으로 나타났다. 또한, 도로폭이 좁고 시선사각지대가 많을 때에는 강도와 강간범죄가 많이 발생하고 주위에 가건물과 비포장도로가 있을 때에는 절도 범죄가 많이 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다.