2 GHz 8 비트 축차 비교 디지털-위상 변환기

심재훈 한국센서학회 2019 센서학회지 Vol.28 No.4

Phase interpolation is widely adopted in frequency synthesizers and clock-and-data recovery systems to produce an intermediate phase from two existing phases. The intermediate phase is typically generated by combining two input phases with different weights. Unfortunately, this results in non-uniform phase steps. Alternatively, the intermediate phase can be generated by successive approx- imation, where the interpolated phase at each approximation stage is obtained using the same weight for the two intermediate phases. As a proof of concept, this study presents a 2-GHz 8-bit successive approximation digital-to-phase converter that is designed using 65-nm CMOS technology. The converter receives an 8-phase clock signal as input, and the most significant bit (MSB) section selects four phases to create two sinusoidal waveforms using a harmonic rejection filter. The remaining least significant bit (LSB) section applies the successive approximation to generate the required intermediate phase. Monte-Carlo simulations show that the proposed converterexhibits 0.46-LSB integral nonlinearity and 0.31-LSB differential nonlinearity with a power consumption of 3.12 mW from a 1.2-V sup-ply voltage.

Redefinition of a Phase: The Possibility of CP, PredP, and AdjunctP as Genuine Phases

( Kee Seok Cho ),( Sung Hun Kim ),( Sang Hee Bae ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2014 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.64

This study will try to redefine a notion of phases. Two tasks will be carried out to achieve this goal. One is to discuss the current definition of a phase from an empirical perspective and to judge its coverage of application in terms of Chomsky``s (2005b) Phase Impenetrability Condition. It will be argued that the standard definition of a phase has limited applicable coverage. The other one is to offer a revised version of the definition of a phase on the basis of proposition, argument structure, and adjunct structure. It will be suggested that complementizer phrases, predicate phrases, and adjunct phrases are genuine phases by which syntactic operations should proceed and locality of movements should be evaluated. Predicate phrases include predicative verb phrases, predicative adjective phrases and predicative noun phrases. The predicative noun phrases have noun heads derived from predicative verbs. The predicate phrases contain predicates that assign theta roles and arguments that receive theta roles. Adjunct phrases include both prepositional phrases and complementizer phrases that do not receive theta roles from the predicate. In the case that an adjunct phrase is a complementizer phrase, the adjunct phrase is a phase for two reasons. It is a phase because it is an adjunct phrase. It is also a phase because it is a complementizer phrase. Therefore the adjunct complementizer phrases constitute double phases. This revised definition of a phase will broaden the applicable coverage of the Phase Impenetrability Condition and solve some of the problems posed by the Phase Impenetrability Condition.

Phase to Phase Interleaved Method to Reduce the Common Mode Voltage for Seven Phase BLDCM Drive

Dong-Youn Kim,Jae-Sung Ma,Jang-Mok Kim 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

This paper describes a method for reducing the common mode voltage in seven phase brushless DC motor(BLDCM) application. The conventional interleaved method used in the three phase inverter system has been extended and applied. The proposed phase-phase interleaved method is studied to apply the six-phase excitation method for controlling seven-phase BLDCM. The six-phase switching functions related with modulation index(MI) and interleaved angle are obtained. And the average of common mode voltage is derived by mathematically. The proposed control method reduces the common mode voltage generation by applying the optimal interleaved angle according to MI. The proposed method is verified by experimental results.

Phase, Spell-Out and Syntactic Derivations

편일범 한국중앙영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학연구 Vol.50 No.4

This paper explores the possibility to define phases in a relative sense rather than in an absolute sense as Chomsky (2000, 2001a,b, 2005) suggested. Unlike the hypothesis that an inherent phase is a proposition, we assume, following Dikken’s (2006) notion of Phase Extension, that the other nodes can acquire phasehood in the course of the syntactic derivation as a result of movement of the head of the inherent small-clause phase to the heads of higher nodes in the structure. Hence, since the predication of a sentence structure is realized in vP, only this unit vP can be an inherent phase and the other maximal nodes can be phases only by means of getting a phasehood by inheritance. We suggest that as a result of v raising to T, TP becomes a phase, unlike Chomsky (2000, 2001a,b, 2005) predicts, and it is an inherited phase. And with T subsequently raising on to C, that also makes CP a derived phase at the next step in the derivation. Thus there are two types of phases : absolute inherent phase vP and inherited/derived phase TP or CP. In Chomsky’s phase system, on the other hand, the edge and the complement of a phase are spelled-out at different times. Such a dispersed double application of Spell-Out within the same phase domain is not ideal syntactic operations. To avoid such double applications of Spell-Out, we suggest that objects for Spell-Out should be qualified full phase domains rather than complements of phase heads as the PIC predicted.

Two-Phase Phenomena and Volatility Clusterings in Financial Markets

임규창,Kyungsik Kim,Deock-Ho Ha,Ki-Ho Chang,김수용 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.-

We study the two-phase phenomenon of financial markets for three different markets: stock, foreign exchange, and futures exchange markets. Based on these results, we extract the burst phase series from the original returns time series. In this work, we show that the burst phase does not follow the simple random Poisson process and its inter-burst phase intervals (IBIs) exhibit a weak correlation. On comparison with the duration series of inter-laminar phase intervals (ILIs), the previous result implies that the volatility clustering observed in most financial markets is due mainly to the correlation of the IBIs, not to the duration of a burst phase. We study the two-phase phenomenon of financial markets for three different markets: stock, foreign exchange, and futures exchange markets. Based on these results, we extract the burst phase series from the original returns time series. In this work, we show that the burst phase does not follow the simple random Poisson process and its inter-burst phase intervals (IBIs) exhibit a weak correlation. On comparison with the duration series of inter-laminar phase intervals (ILIs), the previous result implies that the volatility clustering observed in most financial markets is due mainly to the correlation of the IBIs, not to the duration of a burst phase.

Phase Transformation Modeling for Hypo Peritectic Steel in Continuous Cooling

Jun‑hyun Jo,Kyung‑woo Yi 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

Phase change of steel during cooling affects the slab qualities in continuous casting. Especially, crack susceptibility of hypoperitectic steel is high because large volume shrinkage occurs by peritectic phase transformation during solidification andcooling. In continuous cooling, phase change is different from the behaviors under the equilibrium condition, such as undercoolingand extend of peritectic reaction, etc. Therefore, we develop a new phase change model considering thermodynamics,empirical equations, and carbon diffusion in each phase to predict phase change behavior during continuous cooling. Inthis model, phase change of hypo peritectic steel comprises 5 stages until all phases become the γ phase. The velocities ofthe δ/γ interface and phase fractions during cooling are calculated according to cooling rate, undercooling of the γ phase,and carbon contents. The results show that if solidification ends by the δ phase during dTp,the γ phase is formed by massivetransformation. On the contrary, if peritectic reaction starts with liquid, the γ phase is formed and grows by diffusionaltransformation. In latter case, massive transformation of remaining δ phase can occur with high undercooling or very fastcooling rates. This analysis shows that there are several different paths depending on carbon contents of hypo peritectic steels.

Automatic carrier phase delay synchronization of PGC demodulation algorithm in fiber-optic interferometric sensors

( Changbo Hou ),( Shuai Guo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.7

Phase-generated carrier (PGC) demodulation algorithm is the main demodulation methods in Fiber-optic interferometric sensors (FOISs). The conventional PGC demodulation algorithms are influenced by the carrier phase delay between the interference signal and the carrier signal. In this paper, an automatic carrier phase delay synchronization (CPDS) algorithm based on orthogonal phase-locked technique is proposed. The proposed algorithm can calculate the carrier phase delay value. Then the carrier phase delay can be compensated by adjusting the initial phase of the fundamental carrier and the second-harmonic carrier. The simulation results demonstrate the influence of the carrier phase delay on the demodulation performance. PGC-Arctan demodulation system based on CPDS algorithm is implemented on SoC. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is able to obtain and eliminate the carrier phase delay. In comparison to the conventional demodulation algorithm, the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) of the proposed algorithm increases 55.99dB.

Phase, Spell-Out and Syntactic Derivations

Ilbum Pyun 한국중앙영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학연구 Vol.50 No.4

This paper explores the possibility to define phases in a relative sense rather than in an absolute sense as Chomsky (2000, 2001a,b, 2005) suggested. Unlike the hypothesis that an inherent phase is a proposition, we assume, following Dikken’s (2006) notion of Phase Extension, that the other nodes can acquire phasehood in the course of the syntactic derivation as a result of movement of the head of the inherent small-clause phase to the heads of higher nodes in the structure. Hence, since the predication of a sentence structure is realized in vP, only this unit vP can be an inherent phase and the other maximal nodes can be phases only by means of getting a phasehood by inheritance. We suggest that as a result of v raising to T, TP becomes a phase, unlike Chomsky (2000, 2001a,b, 2005) predicts, and it is an inherited phase. And with T subsequently raising on to C, that also makes CP a derived phase at the next step in the derivation. Thus there are two types of phases : absolute inherent phase vP and inherited/derived phase TP or CP. In Chomsky’s phase system, on the other hand, the edge and the complement of a phase are spelled-out at different times. Such a dispersed double application of Spell-Out within the same phase domain is not ideal syntactic operations. To avoid such double applications of Spell-Out, we suggest that objects for Spell-Out should be qualified full phase domains rather than complements of phase heads as the PIC predicted.

위성통신 시스템용 위상 고정 루프 주파수 합성기의 위상 잡음 예측 모델

김영완,박동철 한국전자파학회 2003 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.14 No.8

본 논문에서는 위성통신에서 사용되는 주파수 합성형 발진기에 대한 위상 잡음원을 분석하고, 주파수 합성기 출력 신호의 위상 잡음 스펙트럼 분포를 보다 더 정확히 예측할 수 있는 위상 잡음 모델을 제안하였다 기준 발진기 및 전압 제어 발진기 출력 주파수를 분주하는 분주기의 위상 잡음을 해석하고, 기준 발진기와 전압 제어 발진기 위상 잡음은 Leeson 모델을 이용하여 1/f$^2$ 이외에 다른 기울기 특성을 갖는 위상 잡음 성분들을 모델링하였다. PLL 발진기에서 각 구성 요소들에 의해 발생되거나 더해지는 잡음은 유용한 신호에 비하여 매우 작으므로 중첩의 원리를 적용하고, 선형 시스템 영역에서 주파수 합성기 회로를 해석하였다. 정립된 위상 예측 모델을 기만으로 주파수 합성기 구성 형태에 따라 각 구성 요소들의 위상 잡음 모델을 적용하여 위성통신용 주파수 합성기의 위상 잡음 스펙트럼 특성을 예측하고, 주파수 합성기를 제작하여 예측 모델과 비교 평가하였다. The phase noise characteristics of the phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer were predicted based on the analysis for phase noise contribution of noise sources. The proposed phase noise model in this paper more accurately predicts the phase noise spectrum of frequency synthesizer. To accurately model the phase noise contribution of noise sources in frequency synthesizer, the phase noise sources were analyzed via modeling of the frequency divider and phase noise components using Leeson model for reference signal source and VCO. The phase noise transfer functions to VCO from noise sources were analyzed by superposition theory and linear operation of phase-locked loop. To evaluate the phase noise prediction model, the frequency synthesizers were fabricated and were evaluated by measured data and prediction data.

Redefinition of a Phase: The Possibility of CP, PredP, and AdjunctP as Genuine Phases

조기석,김성헌,배상희 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2014 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.64

This study will try to redefine a notion of phases. Two tasks will be carried out to achieve this goal. One is to discuss the current definition of a phase from an empirical perspective and to judge its coverage of application in terms of Chomsky's (2005b) Phase Impenetrability Condition. It will be argued that the standard definition of a phase has limited applicable coverage. The other one is to offer a revised version of the definition of a phase on the basis of proposition, argument structure, and adjunct structure. It will be suggested that complementizer phrases, predicate phrases, and adjunct phrases are genuine phases by which syntactic operations should proceed and locality of movements should be evaluated. Predicate phrases include predicative verb phrases, predicative adjective phrases and predicative noun phrases. The predicative noun phrases have noun heads derived from predicative verbs. The predicate phrases contain predicates that assign theta roles and arguments that receive theta roles. Adjunct phrases include both prepositional phrases and complementizer phrases that do not receive theta roles from the predicate. In the case that an adjunct phrase is a complementizer phrase, the adjunct phrase is a phase for two reasons. It is a phase because it is an adjunct phrase. It is also a phase because it is a complementizer phrase. Therefore the adjunct complementizer phrases constitute double phases. This revised definition of a phase will broaden the applicable coverage of the Phase Impenetrability Condition and solve some of the problems posed by the Phase Impenetrability Condition.