α-Tocopherol과 Selenium의 첨가 급여가 육계의 생산성 및 닭 다리육의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향

김영직(Young-Jik Kim) 韓國家禽學會 2011 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.38 No.2

본 실험은 α-tocopherol(0, 50, 100, 200 IU/kg)과 selenium (0.3 ppm) 및 α-tocopherol 100 IU/㎏과 selenium 0.3 ppm을 혼합 급여한 육계의 생산성, 계육의 일반 성분, pH, TBARS, WHC, 전단력, 육색 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 육계 360수를 공시하여 대조구와 α-tocopherol 50 IU/㎏ 급여구를 T1, α-tocopherol 100 IU/㎏ 급여구를 T2, α-tocopherol 200 IU/㎏ 급여구를 T3, selenium 0.3 ppm/㎏ 급여구를 T4, α-tocopherol 100 IU/kg과 selenium 0.3 ppm/㎏ 급여구를 T5 등 6개 처리구로 나누어 5주간 사양한 후 다리살 근육을 분석하였다. 육계의 증체량, 사료 섭취량 및 사료 요구율은 처리구간에 유의성이 없었다. 계육의 일반 성분중에 수분과 조단백질, 조회분은 처리구간에 유의성이 없었고, 조지방 함량은 대조구와 T1보다 처리구에서 높았다. pH, 보수성과전단력은모든처리구에서유의성은없었다. TBARS 는 대조구와 T1은 유의한 차이가 없으나, α-tocopherol과 selenium 급여구에서낮았으며, 특히혼합급여구인T5에서TBARS 값이 유의하게 낮았다. 육색중 CIE L<SUP>*</SUP>값과 b<SUP>*</SUP>값은 처리구간에 유의성이 인정되지 않았으나, CIE a<SUP>*</SUP>값은 T2, T3, T5에서 높았다(P<0.05). 지방산의 분석 결과, α-tocopherol의 급여로 palmitic acid는 감소하고, oleic acid, linileic acid는 증가하여 포화지방산함량은줄고, 불포화지방산함량이증가하는 결과로 나타났다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고찰해 볼때 α-tocopherol과 selenium를 육계에 급여하면 육색과 지방의 산화를 억제하는 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있어 계육의 저장성을 개선할 가능성이 있을 것으로 기대된다. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of α-tocopherol and selenium in broiler diets on performance and physicochemical properties of chicken thigh meat. A total of 360 broiler chicks divided into six groups were fed a basal diet (control) or basal diet supplemented with 50 IU α-tocopherol/㎏ (T1), 100 IU α-tocopherol/㎏ (T2), 200IU α-tocopherol/㎏ (T3), 0.3 ppm selenium/㎏ (T4), and 100 IU α-tocopherol/㎏ + 0.3 ppm selenium/㎏ (T5) for five weeks. Growth performance and proximate composition of chicken thigh meat were not influenced by all dietary treatments, except for crude fat, which was significantly lower in the treatment with α-tocopherol or selenium, or both compared to control. The dietary α-tocopherol and selenium supplementation had no significant effects on pH, CIE L<SUP>*</SUP> (lightness), and b<SUP>*</SUP> (yellowness) values but TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values were decreased (P<0.05) by the addition of α-tocopherol and selenium. CIE a<SUP>*</SUP> (redness) values increased significantly with added α-tocopherol and selenium relative to the control (P<0.05). Likewise, changes in fatty acid composition in chicken thigh meat with the dietary supplementations with α-tocopherol, selenium and their combination significantly increased (P<0.05) unsaturated fatty acid, whereas saturated fatty acid were decreased. It was concluded that the addition of 200 IU α-tocopherol (T3) and 100 IU of α-tocopherol plus 0.3 ppm selenium (T5) were most effectiveness in the improvements in the lipid oxidative stability of chicken meat when compared to the control.

로즈마리와 α-Tocopherol Acetate의 급여가 육계의 생산성 및 냉장 저장 중 계육의 품질에 미치는 영향

이상무,박웅렬,김영직 한국축산식품학회 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.3

The effects of rosemary and α-tocopherol, added individually or in combination, on broiler performance, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), total plate count (TPC) and meat color of chicken thigh meat were investigated. Three hundred broiler chicks divided into five groups were fed a basal diet (control) or basal diet supplemented with 5 g rosemary/kg (T1), 10 g rosemary/kg (T2), 200 mg α-tocopherol/kg (T3), or 5 g rosemary/kg + 200 mg α-tocopherol/kg (T4) for 5weeks. Following slaughter, chicken meat was stored at 4oC for 10 days. All treatments did not influence the performance. Rosemary supplementation delayed lipid oxidation in thigh meat during refrigerated storage. T2 was significantly (p<0.05)more effective in delayed lipid oxidation compared to T1, but was inferior to T3. Samples containing a combination of antioxidant had lower TBARS values than those containing the individual antioxidants, indicating a synergistic effect. TPC was significantly increased (p<0.05) in thigh meat of all groups throughout the refrigerated storage. The T3 and control groups showed TPC counts that did not differ from each other during the entire storage period. However, rosemary supplementation was associated with bacterial counts that were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control and α-tocopherol groups at day 3 of storage and thereafter. For this period, T1 presented TPC counts that were significantly higher than the T2 group (p<0.05). At all storage times, the thigh meat of rosemary-fed chickens was redder than control (higher a*), while no differences in L* and b* values were found. A synergistic effect was obtained from the combination of rosemary with α-tocopherol,whereas individual use of the antioxidants significantly improved color stability compared to the control. 본 시험은 육계 300수를 로즈마리와 α-tocopherol acetate를 급여하여 5주간 사육한 육계의 생산성과 계육의 TBARS,총미생물수, pH, 및 육색을 조사하였다. 육질 분석은 계육을 냉장 보관하면서 실험하였다. 시험구는 무첨가구를 대조구(Control)로 하고, 로즈마리 5 g/kg 급여구를 T1, 로즈마리 10 g/kg 급여구를 T2, α-tocopherol acetate 200 mg/kg 급여구를 T3, 그리고 로즈마리 5 g/kg과 α-tocopherol acetate 200 mg/kg 급여구를 T4 등 5개 처리구로 나누어사양하였다. 육계의 증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율 등의 생산성은 유의성이 없었다. TBARS는 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 경과하면서 증가하였고, T2, T3 및 T4에서대조구와 T1보다 유의하게 낮아 로즈마리와 α-tocopherol은 저장성을 향상시키는 결과이었다. 로즈마리 급여량이많은 T2가 T1보다, 로즈마리와 α-tocopherol 혼합 급여구에서 TBARS는 낮았다. pH는 저장기간이 지남에 따라 감소하였고, 처리구간의 유의성은 없었다. 총미생물수는 저장기간이 지나면서 모든 처리구에서 증가하였고, α-tocopherol은 미생물의 감소 효과는 없으나 로즈마리와 로즈마리, α-tocopherol 혼합 급여는 대조구와 T3보다 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 육색은 L*, a*, 및 b* 값은 저장하면서 모두 감소하였고, 로즈마리와 로즈마리, α-tocopherol 혼합 급여구에서 a*값이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 로즈마리 및 로즈마리와 α-tocopherol의 급여구에서 항산화 및 육색의 산화 안정성이 향상되었고, 혼합 급여구에서 시너지 효과가 있었다.

Identification and expression analysis of alpha tocopherol transfer protein in chickens fed diets containing different concentrations of alpha-tocopherol

Rengaraj, Deivendran,Truong, Anh Duc,Hong, Yeojin,Pitargue, Franco Martinez,Kim, Jong Hyuk,Hong, Yeong Ho,Han, Jae Yong,Kil, Dong Yong Elsevier 2019 Research in veterinary science Vol.123 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Among the eight forms of vitamin E, the liver preferentially releases α-tocopherol into the circulation and it is distributed to the non-liver tissues. In the hepatocytes, alpha tocopherol transfer protein (TTPA) specifically recognizes α-tocopherol with 2<I>R</I>-configuration and facilitates its intracellular transfer. The identification and characterization of TTPA expression have not been demonstrated in avian species. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify avian TTPAs, to compare the sequence conservation, phylogenetic relationship, protein interactions, and disease associations of chicken TTPA with those of human and vertebrate TTPA, and to characterize the tissue expression of the TTPA gene in chickens fed diets supplemented with different amounts of α-tocopherol. Our results suggest that the chicken TTPA was highly conserved with the human and vertebrate TTPA, and consisted of a cellular retinaldehyde binding protein and TRIO guanine exchange factor (CRAL_TRIO) domain. Feeding diets supplemented with increasing amounts of α-tocopherol (25 IU/Kg, 50 IU/Kg, or 100 IU/Kg) to broiler chickens had no effects on growth performance compared with feeding basal diets containing no supplemental α-tocopherol. The expression of TTPA gene was detected high in the liver of chickens in response to dietary α-tocopherol concentrations, whereas its expression was very low or undetectable in the non-liver tissues. In conclusion, the chicken TTPA protein sequence is highly conserved with other avian and vertebrate TTPA protein sequences. The higher expression of TTPA gene in the chicken liver in response to dietary α-tocopherol concentrations may suggest its crucial role in transporting α-tocopherol in the chicken liver.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 21-day chickens were fed diets with 0–100 IU DL-α-tocopheryl acetate for 14-days. </LI> <LI> Dietary α-tocopherol levels had no effects on growth performance of chickens. </LI> <LI> TTPA gene expression was high in the liver of chickens fed with α-tocopherol. </LI> <LI> Higher level of TTPA in the chicken liver suggest its role in α-tocopherol transfer. </LI> </UL> </P>

Vitamin E status of 20- to 59-year-old adults living in the Seoul metropolitan area of South Korea

Young-Nam Kim,Youn-Ok Cho 한국영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.9 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin and functions primarily as a lipid antioxidant. Inadequate vitamin E status may increase risk of several chronic diseases. Thus, the objectives of this study were to estimate intake and plasma concentration of each tocopherol and to evaluate vitamin E status of Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Three consecutive 24-h food recalls and fasting blood samples were collected from healthy 20- to 59-y-old adults (33 males and 73 females) living in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea. α-, β-, δ-, and γ-tocopherol intakes and plasma concentrations of tocopherols (α-, δ-, and γ- tocopherol) were analyzed by gender. RESULTS: Dietary vitamin E and total vitamin E intake (dietary plus supplemental vitamin E) was 17.68 ± 14.34 and 19.55 ± 15.78 mg α-tocopherol equivalents, respectively. The mean daily α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol intakes were 3.07 ± 2.27 mg and 5.98 ± 3.74 mg, respectively. Intakes of total vitamin E and each tocopherol of males were significantly higher than those of females (P < 0.05). Plasma α-tocopherol concentration was 15.45 ± 10.16 of males and 15.00 ± 4.54 μmol/L of females, respectively. There were no significant differences in plasma tocopherol concentrations by gender (P ≥ 0.05). Plasma α-tocopherol was negatively correlated with γ-tocopherol intake (P < 0.05). Twenty-three percent of the subjects had plasma α-tocopherol concentrations < 12 μmol/L indicating a biochemical deficiency of vitamin E. Approximately 8% and 9% of these participants had plasma α-tocopherol:total lipid ratio less than 1.59 μmol/mmol and plasma α-tocopherol:total cholesterol ratio less than 2.22 μmol/mmol, respectively, which are also indicative of vitamin E deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin E intakes of Korean adults were generally adequate with the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin E. However, α-tocopherol intake was lower than that reported in other countries, and 23% of the subjects in the current study were vitamin E deficient based on plasma α-tocopherol concentrations.

Improvement of Preservation Quality of Chilled Bull Semen using α-Tocopherol as an Antioxidant

Pankaj Kumar Jha,Ashit Kumar Paul,M. Bozlur Rahman,M. Tanjim,Farida Yeasmin Bari,M. Golam shahi Alam 韓國受精卵移植學會 2013 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Alpha-tocopherol as an antioxidant acts in preservation of chilled semen by preserving cell membrane damage from lipid peroxidation. Optimum concentrations of α-tocopherol in egg yolk-citrate (EYC) extender need to be studied in crossbred bull’s semen. Different concentrations of α-tocopherol viz. 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6mg per ml of extender were used. Semen was collected once a week from four bulls used to regular collection, aged 4 to 7 years, weighing 320 to 450 kg, and with body condition score 4 to 4.5 and scrotal circumference 23 to 32 cm. Semen was evaluated routinely and sperm morphology was viewed under light microscope at x1,000 magnification after fixing with buffered formal saline. Over 90% had normal head, acrosome, mid-piece and tail. Semen was diluted with egg-yolk-citrate extender to produce 15x106 spermatozoa/ml and 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 mg/ml α-tocopherol were added. The semens amples were kept at 8℃. Sperm motility and viability were examined daily up to 5 days under light microscopy at x200 magnification. Sperm viability was acceptable (≥40%) up to the 4th day with all concentrations of α-tocopherol and up to the 5th day with 2 mg/ml α-tocopherol. Sperm motility was acceptable (≥40%) up to the 3rd day irrespective of α-tocopherol concentration, and up to the 4th day with 2 mg/ml α-tocopherol. It is suggested that the lifespan of chilled semen may be extended up to 4 days by adding 2mg/ml α-tocopherol.

魚油함유 飼料에 첨가한 α-토코페롤의 含量이 흰쥐 血液의 溶血作用과 脂質過酸化反應에 미치는 影響

崔鎭浩,金一星,金在一,金東右,朴泉洙,尹泰憲 한국노화학회 1993 한국노화학회지 Vol.3 No.1

비타민 E: α-토코페롤 대 그외 비타민 E

조성희(Cho Sung-Hee) 韓國營養學會 2010 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.43 No.3

Vitamin E has been a generic term for all tocopherol and tocotrienol derivatives. The most active form of vitamin E isoforms in vivo is regarded to be α-tocopherol which is the only form defined as vitamin E in the US Food and Nutrition Board, causing controversy over setting dietary reference intake (DRI) of vitamin E. However, most of the countries other than the US maintain the original concept that all isoforms are accepted as vitamin E but with different biopotency. The roles of the isoforms of vitamin E other than α-tocopherol have received continuous attention. Among them those of γ-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol have been most studied in comparison with α-tocopherol, since γ-tocopherol comprises major form of vitamin E in many plant seeds and those of the both vitamin E have been implicated in unique physiological functions. This review summarizes findings that have led a better understanding of vitamin E absorption, transport, tissue storage and various functions common and specific to vitamin E isoforms focusing α- and γ-tocopherol as well as tocotrienols. It is expected to help redefining vitamin E and setting its DRI for Koreans.

魚油함유 飼料에 첨가한 α- 토코페롤의 含量이 흰쥐 血液의 肢質過酸化反應에 미치는 影響

崔鎭浩,金一星,金在一,金東右,朴泉洙,尹泰憲 부경대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 기초과학연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

어유와 돈지의 혼합지질(3 : 1, wt/wt: P/S : 1.6)에 α-토코페롤을 용량별(0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800mg/kg diet)로 첨가하여 조제한 어유 함유 사료로써 7주간 사육하여 이 사료에 혼합한 α-토코페롤의 첨가량이 혈청 중의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 중성지질(TG)과 인지질의 함량은 α-토코페롤 200mg 이상의 첨가군은 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였고, 또한 총콜레스테롤의 함량은 α-토코페롤의 첨가에 따라 감소하는 경향이었지만 낮은 첨가농도에서만 유의성이 인정되었다. HDL-콜레스테롤의 함량은 100mg 이상의 α-토코페롤 첨가군에서 총콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비(HDL-chol/T. chol)도 α-토코페롤의 모든 첨가군에서 유의적으로 증가효과가 인정되었다. 따라서 동맥경화 지표가 α-토코페롤 첨가군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 중성지질에 대한 과산화지질(TBA value/TG)의 비는 10mg 이상의 α-토코페롤의 첨가군에서 유의적으로 억제되???고, 중성지질에 대한 α-토코페롤(α-tocopherol/TG)의 비는 100mg 이상의 α-토코페롤 첨가군에서 유의적으로 증가되었다(p<0.001). 어유 함유 사료에 α-토코페롤을 첨가함으로써 C20 : 5/C20 : 4의 비를 효과적으로 억제할수 있었다. 따라서 혈액 중의 적절한 지질대사를 위해서는 이들 어유 함유 사료에 100mg 이상의 α-토코페롤이 첨가되어야 할것으로 생각된다. To evaluate the vitamin E requirement, Fischer 344 male rats were fed diets containing the fish oil-lard (3 : I, wt/wt: P/S ratio : 1.6) supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 200. 400 and 800 mg/kg diet of a-tocopherol for 7 weeks. The effects of a-tocopherol levels supplemented to fish oil rich diets on the lipid metabolism in serum were investigated. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol significantly decreased by supplementation of a-tocopherol. The a-tocopherol supplementation of abme 100 mg diet caused an incressis in HDL-cholesterol. and HDL-cholesterol : T. chol ratio, and a decrease in the atherogenic index. The lipid peroxide : TG ratio significantly inhibited by a-tocopherol supplementation of above 100 mg. The ratios of α-tocopherol/TG or n-3 fatty acid (EPA+ DHA) significantly increased in all α-tocopherol supplemented groups. The ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid : arachidonic acid effectively inhibited by a-tocopherol supplementation of above 100 mg. The results suggest that a-tocopherol supplementation of above 100 mg to fish oil-rich diets map be requisite for adequate lipid metabolism.

Study of α-, γ-, and δ-Tocopherols in the Oxidative Stability of Lard

Robert E. King,David B. Min,민세철 한국식품과학회 2011 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.20 No.3

Effects of α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols at 0, 50,100, 250, 500, and 1,000 ppm on the oxidative stability of lard during storage in the dark at 55oC for 7 days were studied by determining headspace oxygen content and peroxide value. The headspace oxygen content of the lard without tocopherol addition decreased from 21.1 to 14.4%and the peroxide value increased from 2.5 to 15.4 meq/kg lard for 7 days. The headspace oxygen depletion and the peroxide value of lard decreased by the addition of α-tocopherol at 50 ppm, but significantly increased at 250,500, or 1,000 ppm. As the concentration of γ-tocopherol or δ-tocopherol increased, the headspace oxygen depletion and the peroxide value decreased. α-Tocopherol at 250ppm acted as a prooxidant in the autoxidation of lard. The concentrations of γ- or δ-tocopherol to be applied to improve the autoxidative stability of lard may be 100-250ppm.

칼슘길항제와 혐수성 산소 라디칼 제거물질이 백서 피부판 생존에 미치는 영향

양정열,임홍철,이명주,서재홍 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.2

Regulation of Ca^++ channels across cell menbranes can be dramatically altered by ischemic states, and such agents relates to cytotoxic effect. The genration of free radicals in ischemic tssue is detrimental to survive of that tissue. If intracellular calcium increasement and free radical production can be blocked or scavenged, tissue damage should be minimized. In the concept of above theory, the author studied the effect of nifedipine. α-tocopherol known as a calcium channel blocker and hydrohobic scavenger on the random pattern skin flap survical of white rats . Sprague-Dawley rats(N-60) were divided into four groups of control(no medication) , nifedipine(10㎎/ ㎏ /day, I.M.), α-tocopherol(20㎎/㎏/day, I.M.). nifedipine plus α-tocopherol. All of medications were given for 11days from 4days before flap elevation and contnued for 7days after flap elevation. When flap survival rates were measured. Flap tissue was obsered by gross, light microscooc and electron microscopic levels. The results were obtained as follows. 1. Groups treated with nifedipine. α-tocopherol. nifedipine +α-tocopherol showed significant increase of the area of flap survival compared with that of the control group.(P<0.001 in nifedipine group and α-tocopherol, and P<0.01 in nifedipine plus α-tocopherol group.) 2. The flap survival was best improved in the α-tocopherol group. (P>0.05). 3. Skin including dermis after 3 days of Nifedipine plus α-tocopherol group disclosed marked proliferation and dilatations of vessels in the deeper part. 4. Electron micrograph of endothelial cells after 3 and 5 days of Nifedipine and α-tocopherol groups disclosed intact basement membrane, swelling of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Following the above results. It is suggested that calcium channel blocker and α-tocopherol seem to play a important role which incerase survival of the skin flap.