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Lim, W.,Song, G. Domendo, Inc ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co 2016 Domestic animal endocrinology Vol.57 No.-
<P>Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) catalyzes the transamination of tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Accumulation of tyrosine in the body due to a genetic mutation in the TAT gene causes tyrosomia type II in humans. The TAT gene is regarded as a model for studying steroid-inducible factors regulating a variety of biological functions of TAT. However, little is known of the effects of estrogen on the expression of the TAT gene in chickens. Therefore, in the present study, we identified expression of the avian TAT gene in various organs. The results showed the TAT was detected predominantly in the liver and reproductive organs including testis, oviduct, and ovary. Specifically, TAT mRNA was expressed abundantly in the glandular and luminal epithelia of the oviducts in response to endogenous and exogenous estrogens which also induce dramatic morphological changes in the oviduct of chickens. In addition, target microRNAs of TAT (miR-1460, miR-1626-3p, miR-1690-5p, and miR-7442-3p) were found to modulate expression of the TAT gene. Especially, miR-1690-5p influenced TAT gene transcription by binding directly to its 3'-UTR region. Moreover, the expression of TAT was abundant in glandular epithelia of cancerous but not normal ovaries from laying hens. Taken together, our findings suggest that TAT plays an important role in the cytodifferentiation of oviducts in response to estrogen and in the progression of ovarian cancer in chickens. (C)2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
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Yang, C.,Lim, W.,Bae, H.,Song, G. Domendo, Inc ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co 2016 Domestic animal endocrinology Vol.55 No.-
<P>Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that passively deliver water across the plasma membrane to play an important role in maintaining cell shape. Members of the AQP family are distributed in most of the tissues in the human body and perform a variety of functions based on the water homeostasis suitable for each organ. However, there is little known about the expression and regulation of AQP family members in chickens. Therefore, we determined the expression of AQPs in various tissues of chickens. Among 13 isotypes, AQP3 was highly expressed in the chicken oviduct. Expression of AQP3 messenger RNA (mRNA) increased in the magnum (P < 0.001) and isthmus (P < 0.001) of chick oviducts treated with diethylstilbestrol. Consistent with these results, the localization of AQP3 was detected in the glandular and luminal epithelia of the magnum and isthmus of oviducts of diethylstilbestrol-treated chicks. In addition, the pattern of expression of AQP3 changed in an estrogen-dependent manner during the molting period. During the regenerative period of the oviduct after molting, expression of AQP3 mRNA increased coordinately with increasing concentrations of estradiol (P < 0.001), whereas expression of AQP3 mRNA decreased as concentrations of estradiol in plasma decreased in response to induced molting (P < 0.001). Also, expression of the AQP3 increased (P < 0.001) in cancerous ovaries of laying hens. In conclusion, AQP3 does not simply function to transport water into and out of cells but also appears to be closely involved in development of the chicken oviduct, which is regulated by estrogens. Furthermore, our results suggest AQP3 as a new diagnostic for early detection and treatment of epithelial cell-derived ovarian carcinomas. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
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Liang, Q.,Seo, G.,Choi, Y.,Kwak, M.J.,Ge, J.,Rodgers, Mary A.,Shi, M.,Leslie, Benjamin J.,Hopfner, K.P.,Ha, T.,Oh, B.H.,Jung, Jae U. Elsevier Inc., Cell Press Imprint 2014 Cell host & microbe Vol.15 No.2
Robust immune responses are essential for eliminating pathogens but must be metered to avoid prolonged immune activation and potential host damage. Upon recognition of microbial DNA, the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthetase (cGAS) produces the second messenger cGAMP to initiate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and subsequent interferon (IFN) production. We report that the direct interaction between cGAS and the Beclin-1 autophagy protein not only suppresses cGAMP synthesis to halt IFN production upon double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) stimulation or herpes simplex virus-1 infection, but also enhances autophagy-mediated degradation of cytosolic pathogen DNA to prevent excessive cGAS activation and persistent immune stimulation. Specifically, this interaction releases Rubicon, a negative autophagy regulator, from the Beclin-1 complex, activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class III activity and thereby inducing autophagy to remove cytosolic pathogen DNA. Thus, the cGAS-Beclin-1 interaction shapes innate immune responses by regulating both cGAMP production and autophagy, resulting in well-balanced antimicrobial immune responses.
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Vinh, Nguyen Duy,Kim, Hyung-Man Elsevier Inc. 2017 Electrochemistry Communications Vol.75 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this research we used an energy harvesting system based on ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs) to absorb the kinetic energy of the ocean waves and generate electricity. The experimental results showed that IPMC materials have many advantages, including softness and durability; they also respond rapidly to wave parameters such as frequency, amplitude, and wavelength. In addition, the 296-day recorded data showed that the average power density generated each day remained stable at approximately 245μW/m<SUP>2</SUP>, the degradation of the IPMC's electrical performance in long-term operation being trivial.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Optimization of energy harvesting system design using IPMC for performance enhancement. </LI> <LI> Numerical studies of the energy harvesting system using IPMC materials operating in the ocean. </LI> <LI> Experiments matched to the optimized conditions to analyze energy system performance. </LI> <LI> The average power density at a given time of the day oscillated above 180μW/m<SUP>2</SUP>. </LI> <LI> Prevention of the growth of algae and barnacles contributes to improved system performance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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