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Risk of cancer after low doses of ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study in 15 countries
Cardis, E,Vrijheid, M,Blettner, M,Gilbert, E,Hakama, M,Hill, C,Howe, G,Kaldor, J,Muirhead, C R,Schubauer-Berigan, M,Yoshimura, T,Bermann, F,Cowper, G,Fix, J,Hacker, C,Heinmiller, B,Marshall, M,Thierry BMJ 2005 BMJ Vol.331 No.7508
<P>To provide direct estimates of risk of cancer after protracted low doses of ionising radiation and to strengthen the scientific basis of radiation protection standards for environmental, occupational, and medical diagnostic exposures.</P>
Yang, Hyun-Sik,Yoon, Chan,Myung, Seung-Kwon,Park, Sang Min BMJ 2011 International journal of gynecological cancer Vol.21 No.9
<B>Objective</B><P>Although obesity is shown to be a risk factor for epithelial ovarian cancer, its role as a prognostic factor has been remained inconclusive. In this study, available evidences on this matter to date have been assembled for a meta-analysis to determine the effect of obesity on the survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.</P><B>Materials and Methods</B><P>Eligible studies published up to December 2010 were searched using MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and manual review of relevant bibliography to look for additional studies was done. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) from individual studies were pooled using a random-effects model.</P><B>Results</B><P>Ten cohort studies of 331 screened articles were included in the final analysis. The meta-analysis showed overweight or obesity at early adulthood to be associated with higher mortality among patients with ovarian cancer (HR, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.34). Among patients with advanced ovarian cancer, premorbid obesity was associated with worse prognosis (HR, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.93). However, there was no significant relationship between prognosis and obesity around the time of diagnosis.</P><B>Conclusions</B><P>This study suggests a possible relationship between obesity at early adulthood and higher mortality among patients with ovarian cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the harmful effect of obesity on the survival of patients with ovarian cancer.</P>
Lee, Maria,Kim, Sang Wun,Paek, Jiheum,Lee, San Hui,Yim, Ga Won,Kim, Jae Hoon,Kim, Jae Wook,Kim, Young Tae,Nam, Eun Ji BMJ 2011 International journal of gynecological cancer Vol.21 No.2
<B>Objectives:</B><P>The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes, complications, and costs between laparoscopic staging and laparotomic staging for early-stage ovarian cancer.</P><B>Methods:</B><P>We evaluated 113 patients who underwent laparoscopy (n = 26) or laparotomy (n = 87) for staging. We retrospectively analyzed patients' demographics and operative variables, including operative time, estimated blood loss, lymph node count, hospital stay, complications, postoperative pain, and return to normal activity. In addition, costs for laparoscopy and laparotomy groups were also compared.</P><B>Results:</B><P>The mean operation time was longer in laparoscopy group compared to laparotomy group (227.6 minutes vs 184.6 minutes, <I>P</I> = 0.016). The laparoscopy group had less intraoperative blood loss, less transfusion requirement, shorter postoperative hospital stay, earlier general diet intake, shorter time to adjuvant chemotherapy, and lower postoperative pain score after 6, 24, and 48 hours compared with the laparotomy group. The mean number of lymph node retrievals was comparable between the groups. The incidence of operative complications was lower in the laparoscopy group (7.7%) relative to the laparotomy group (23.0%). The total average cost for staging completed via laparotomy was $1237 and that via laparoscopy was $1998, with significant difference.</P><B>Conclusions:</B><P>Complete surgical staging by laparoscopy was achieved in all cases with comparable operative time and less operative complications compared with laparotomy for selected patients with early-stage ovarian cancer. However, the operation costs for laparoscopy were significantly higher than the operation costs for laparotomic staging surgery.</P>
Keystone, E C,Genovese, M C,Klareskog, L,Hsia, E C,Hall, S T,Miranda, P C,Pazdur, J,Bae, S-C,Palmer, W,Zrubek, J,Wiekowski, M,Visvanathan, S,Wu, Z,Rahman, M U BMJ Publishing Group 2009 Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Vol.68 No.6
<P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>The phase III GO-FORWARD study examined the efficacy and safety of golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite methotrexate therapy.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Patients were randomly assigned in a 3 : 3 : 2 : 2 ratio to receive placebo injections plus methotrexate capsules (group 1, n = 133), golimumab 100 mg injections plus placebo capsules (group 2, n = 133), golimumab 50 mg injections plus methotrexate capsules (group 3, n = 89), or golimumab 100 mg injections plus methotrexate capsules (group 4, n = 89). Injections were administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were the proportion of patients with 20% or greater improvement in the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20) at week 14 and the change from baseline in the health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI) score at week 24.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The proportion of patients who achieved an ACR20 response at week 14 was 33.1% in the placebo plus methotrexate group, 44.4% (p = 0.059) in the golimumab 100 mg plus placebo group, 55.1% (p = 0.001) in the golimumab 50 mg plus methotrexate group and 56.2% (p<0.001) in the golimumab 100 mg plus methotrexate group. At week 24, median improvements from baseline in HAQ-DI scores were 0.13, 0.13 (p = 0.240), 0.38 (p<0.001) and 0.50 (p<0.001), respectively. During the placebo-controlled portion of the study (to week 16), serious adverse events occurred in 2.3%, 3.8%, 5.6% and 9.0% of patients and serious infections occurred in 0.8%, 0.8%, 2.2% and 5.6%, respectively.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The addition of golimumab to methotrexate in patients with active RA despite methotrexate therapy significantly reduced the signs and symptoms of RA and improved physical function.</P>
Lee, Jung-Yun,Jeon, InPyo,Kim, Jae Weon,Song, Yong-Sang,Yoon, Jae-Moon,Park, Sang Min BMJ 2013 International journal of gynecological cancer Vol.23 No.3
<B>Objective</B><P>The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic association between diabetes and risk of ovarian cancer.</P><B>Methods</B><P>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library for observational studies on the association between diabetes and ovarian cancer. Cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) and case-control studies that showed odds ratios were included in the analysis. Summary RRs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model.</P><B>Results</B><P>A total of 19 studies from 18 articles (7 case-control studies and 11 cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria. Combining data from all studies, diabetes was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, compared with no diabetes (summary RR of ovarian cancer incidence, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02-1.33). In cohort and nested case-control studies, patients with diabetes had statistically significant increased risk of ovarian cancer (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.33), without significant heterogeneity (<I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP> = 27; <I>P</I> = 0.172). Among studies that control for age, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol, a prominent association between diabetes and ovarian cancer was found (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11-2.19).</P><B>Conclusions</B><P>This study suggests that women with diabetes have a moderately increased risk of ovarian cancer.</P>
Mun, Hee-Sun,Joung, Boyoung,Shim, Jaemin,Hwang, Hye Jin,Kim, Jong Youn,Lee, Moon-Hyoung,Pak, Hui-Nam BMJ Group 2012 Heart Vol.98 No.6
<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) has been considered the cornerstone of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear whether linear ablation in addition to CPVI improves clinical outcome.</P><P><B>Design</B></P><P>Prospective randomised study to compare the efficacy of CPVI and CPVI with additional linear ablation in patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF).</P><P><B>Setting</B></P><P>University hospital.</P><P><B>Patients</B></P><P>This study enrolled 156 patients (male 76.3%, 55.8±11.5 years old (mean±SD)) who underwent RFCA for PAF.</P><P><B>Interventions</B></P><P>CPVI (n=52), CPVI+roof line (CPVI+RL; n=52) and CPVI+RL+posterior inferior line (CPVI+PostBox; n=52).</P><P><B>Main outcome measures</B></P><P>Procedure time, ablation time and clinical outcome.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>(1) The CPVI group showed shorter total procedure time (180.4±39.5 min vs 189.6±29.0 min and 201.7±51.7 min, respectively (mean±SD); p=0.035) and ablation time (4085.5±1384.1 s vs 5253.5±1010.9 s and 5495.0±1316.0 s, respectively; p<0.001) than the CPVI+RL and CPVI+PostBox groups. (2) During 15.6±5.0 months of follow-up, the recurrence rates 3 months after RFCA were 11.5% in CPVI, 21.2% in CPVI+RL and 19.2% in CPVI+PostBox (p=0.440). (3) The achievement rate of CPVI was 100.0%, and bidirectional block rate was 80.8% in CPVI+RL and 59.6% in CPVI+PostBox. The clinical recurrence rates with or without achieving bidirectional block were not significantly different from each other (p=0.386).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>In patients with PAF, linear ablation in addition to CPVI did not improve clinical outcome, regardless of bidirectional block achievement, while it prolonged the total procedure and ablation time.</P>