Molecular Genetic Technology in Beef Cattle Breeding

Chung, E. R. 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1999 국제학술회의 Vol.1999 No.-

AGING AND OXIDATIVE STRESS: MODULATION BY DIETARY RESTRICTION

YU, BYUNG PAL 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1998 국제학술회의 Vol.1998 No.-

Aging is an inevitable biological process that affects most living organisms. Despite the enormous consequences associated with the aging process, until recently, relatively little systematic effort has been expended on the scientific understanding of this important life process. Society, however, urged by an ever increasing older population, is challenging scientists from many disciplines to explore one of nature's most complex phenomena-biological aging. For the past two decades, research directed toward the basic understanding of biological aging mechanisms and possible aging interventions have given us new insights into the molecular bases and the biological events that contribute to age-related deterioration. To further investigate the aging processes, one probe uniquely suited to exploring the progression of aging in animal models in dietary restriction, currently the only antiaging intervention accepted by gerontologists and nutritionists. Recent research renders a better understanding of how reduced dietary intake extends the life span, supplying evidence that dietary restriction is a diverse and effective modulator of oxidative stress. It has been propose that this antioxidative mechanism is the underlying anti-aging action of dietary restriction.

Biology of Aβ Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease

Grangione, Blas,Ghiso, Jorge,Wisniewski, Thomas 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1998 국제학술회의 Vol.1998 No.-

The genetic associations with the pathological features of AD are diverse: A rapidly growing number of mutations in presenilin 1 and 2 on chromosomes 14 and 1, respectively, are found in many early-onset FAD patients (Lendon et at., 1997). In addition, βPP mutations are found in a small percentage of early-onset FAD kindreds. The apoE4 allele on chromosome 19 is associated with the presence of the most common form of AD, sporadic AD (Winsiewski & Frangione, 1992; Namba et al., 1991). However, it is clear that other proteins are also involved in the pathogenesis of AD, since some early-onset FAD kindreds do not have linkage to PS1, PS2, apoE, or βPP, while at least 50% of late-onset AD is unrelated to apoE. Other proteins which have been implicated in the formation of senile plaques, but so far are not known to have any genetic linkage to AD, include proteoglycans (Snow et al., 1987), apoA1(Wisniewski et al., 1995a), α₁-antichymotrypsin(Abraham et al., 1988), HB-GAM(Wisniewski et al., 1996a), complement components (McGeer & Rogers, 1992), acetylcholinesterase (Friede, 1965), and NAC (Ueda et al., 1993). Which of these proteins will be the most important for the etilogy of the most common form of AD, late-onset sporadic AD, remains an open question. Three of the genes which are now known to be linked to AD, including PS1, βPP, and apoE, have been established immunohistochemically and biochemically to be components of senile plaques (see Fig.1). This raises at least two possibilities; either each of these proteins is part of one pathway with Aβ-related amyloid formation as a final causative pathogenic event or amyloid deposition in AD is a reactive process related to dysfunction of a number of different CNS proteins. Whether or not amyloid formation is directly causative in the pathogenesis of AD, current data suggest that new therapeutic approaches which may inhibit the aggregation and/or the conformational change of sAβ to Aβ fibrils (Soto et al., 1996) have the greatest likelihood to make a significant impact on controlling amyloid accumulation in AD.

Introduction to Beef Cattle Breeding in China

Wang, C. D.,Lee, C. 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1999 국제학술회의 Vol.1999 No.-

This paper presents a brief introduction about the Chinese beef cattle industry and the breeding of Chinese Simmental cattle. Although significant progress has been made, the Chinese beef cattle industry has a long way to go. Chinese Simmental cattle breeding aims to develop a crossbred between Simmental and Chinese local yellow cattle to thrive in various climates all over the country, and to meet demands of beef industry. The crossbreds are updated by Simmental bulls for 2 to 5 generations to form a foundation population. With various production conditions in different areas of China there are three types of Chinese Simmental cattle, plain-type, pasture-type and upland-type. The opened nucleus breeding system with intensive breeding unit is adopted. The multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) technology as well as mixed model methodology are initially put into practice. China needs to continously import superior genetic material and to establish a complete MOET breeding scheme. Chines Simmental cattle will possibly be divided into specialized dairy cattle and beef cattle.

Retrograde Tracing in the Vagal Efferents and Its Branches Projecting to the Esophagus and Stomach in the House Musk Shrew, Suncus Murinus

Won, Moo-Ho 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1995 국제학술회의 Vol.1995 No.-

It is well noted that the vague nerve has heterogenous components, i.e., preganglionic parasympathetics; visceral afferents that follow its peripheral distribution; motoneurons to the pharynx, larynx and upper esophagus; gustatory fibers from near the epiglottis; and somatic afferents from the external ear. The vagus nerve is involved in many autonomic and various regulatory functions (Stephenson et al., 1988; Berthoud et al., 1991; Chambert et al., 1993). Brainstem neurons associated with autonomic and regulatory functions are difficult to describe because often they do not aggregate in histologically well defined nuclei. The central efferent organization of the vagus nerve and vagal efferent neurons projecting to some viscerae have been documented by techniques based on retrograde tract-tracing methods in many laboratory species. Vagal efferent axons originate in either the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMX) or in the vincinity of the ambigual nuclus (AN) (Norgren and Smith, 1988; Pagani et al., 1988; Hudson, 1989; Okumura and Namiki, 1990; Altschuler et al., 1991; Jou et al., 1993; Ranson et al., 1993). However, studies of the neurons projecting to the esophagus and stomach with HRP or other neuronal tracers have provided conflicting results with regard to a viscerotopic organization within the DMX and AN (Okumaura and Namiki, 1990; Altschuler et al., 1991; Jou et al., 1993; Ranson et al., 1993). On the basis of their results, it is speculated that a viscerotopic organization might exist in the DMX and AN, and that different cell groups in the DMX and AN have different functions. Some authors, however, claim that vagal targets do not show discrete or topographic representation, at least in the DMX of the some species (Hudson, 1989). It, therefore, remains unknown whether or not the viscerotopic organization exists for the DMX and AN neurons projecting to the target visceral organs. The house musk shrew, belonging to the Insectivora, has been domesticated by Oda and Kondo (1977) for use in various types of experimental manipulation. The present study, therefore, was performed (1) to identify the central organization of the efferent neurons of the cervical vagus nerve, (2) to localize the distribution of the neurons projecting to the esophagus and stomach, and (3) to examine the possibility of a viscerotopic organization of the projecting neurons within the brainstem nuclei in the house musk shrew.

Current Status of Epidemiologica Research on Dementia in Korea

Suh, Guk-Hee 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1998 국제학술회의 Vol.1998 No.-

Dementia is one of the most severe mental health problems commonly found in the aged population. With the increase of the proportion of the elderly, the number of dementia patients is rising in most population. During the past decades several studies of the prevalience of dementia have been performed in a variety of populations and using various methods. Reviews of the literature have generally stressed the methodological differences between studies. I present here the findings of prevalence studies of the dementia performed or published after 1985 in Korea and neighbor Asian countries. Jorm et al(1987) insisted that there were national differences in the relative prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, with vascular dementia being more common in Japanese and Russian studies after analyzing data between 1945 and 1985. The reason why I select the studies after 1985 at reviews of the literature is to trace changes in the regional or racial differences of the prevalence of dementia in far Eastern countries. One of the objective of this paper was to select the existing prevalence studies that were methodologically similar and suitable for comparison, in order to describe geographical differences and to provide an overall estimate of the prevalence of dementia in far-Eastern countries. In Korea, a few epidemiological studies of demential in the elderly have been performed since 1991. But, there was only one Korean study to identify risk factors of dementia(Suc et al, unpublished). I would like to introduce an epidemiological study for demential in the elderly, with presentation of the results from other Korean researchers and show you some international comparison of these results. Here, I report the prevalence of Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type(DAT) and Vascular Dementia(VaD) in Yeonchun country and the effect of risk factors on the prevalence. this study is based on a recently completed probability sample survey of 1,037 community dwelling persons, 65 years and older.

Cellular Changes During Aging in Neural and Mesenchymal Tissues

Marshak, Daniel R. 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1995 국제학술회의 Vol.1995 No.-

Among the afflictions of the elderly, many of the cruelest are degenerative neurological diseases that rob the individual of selected functions, leaving others intact. Tardive dyskinesia and other motor disorders resulting from Parkinsonism, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease leave the patient mentally sound, but physically debilitated. In contrast to this, Alzheimer disease and related degenerative, neurological disorders find patients, particularly in the early stages of the ailment, physically able but suffering from increasing loss of memory, language, and emotional stability.

Intrinsic Biological Aging As Underlying Pathogenetic Mechanisms In Dementias Of The Alzheimer's Type

Martin, George M. 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1998 국제학술회의 Vol.1998 No.-

Historical look at the genetic improvement in Korean cattle

Kim, J. B.,Lee, C. 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1999 국제학술회의 Vol.1999 No.-

Korean cattle industry is important to farming households, national economy, and security of foodstuffs in Korea. Since Korean cattle have had inferior ability to produce meat, Korean cattle industry aimed to improve the meat production ability and to increase number of heads to meet the demand from growing beef cattle market in Korea. This paper reviewed a historical look at the Korean cattle industry and surveyed the efforts devoted to improve genetic abilities of the Korean cattle. Discussed were current situations of the Korean cattle industry, projects related to improvement of Korean cattle, Korean cattle's genetic characteristics of economic traits, and some issues to deal with.

The Characteristics of SAM and Its Related Researches in Korea

Han, Sang-Seop 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1995 국제학술회의 Vol.1995 No.-