백우현 교수 정년퇴임 기념호

학회자료 한국환경과학회 2006 한국환경과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Visitors' Satisfaction With Entrance In Soraksan National Park

Jo, Tae-Dong 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Understanding aspects of the use of Korean representative Soraksan National Park and investigating the factors affecting visitors' decision-making, this study aims to suggest a positive development plan for the rational use of the national park. The questionnaire is for those who have visited Soraksan National Park more than once. This research shows that most of the visitors wish 'entrance congestion' to be solved by introducing a 'previous reservation' system and a non-polluting shuttle bus; therefore there is a chance that they could be introduced for the settlement of the existing problems.

How to Keep the Sustainability of the Landscape Resources of the East Coast in South Korea

Shin, Seung-Choon,Park, Yong-Gil 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study is to present the conditions and methods for keeping the sustainability of the landscape resources of the East Coast of Gangwon province, the Republic of Korea by investigating the landscape resources management in the area and pointing out its problems. The unit of analysis in this study is four cities and two counties located along the national road route seven in Gangwon province. The classification and characteristics of the landscape resources in this area was analyzed by a literature review, and we surveyed the tourists visiting the area and statistically analyzed the data in order to examine their satisfaction with the landscape resources management and make recommendations. The problems of the landscape resources management are: 1) the disturbance of the persistence of life by reclamation, the population reduction in the ecosystem due to the overload in environmental capacity, and the severance of space between land and water. 2) the reduction of the benefits from indirect experience by interfering with the conservation of fluxes --- the manipulation of horizontal arrangement of the landscape resource, the visual disturbance by the construction of high-storied buildings, and the disharmony between the color/image and the environment. The means for keeping sustainability of the landscape resources include the regulations of development and use, the change in the recognition of the value of landscape resources and the moral system, and the improvement of resource management skills.

A Study on the Vernacular landscape Pattern of Nagan Walled Town(樂安邑城) in Suncheon

Shin, Sang-Sup,Rho, Jae-Hyun 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Nagan walled town is located on an axis connecting symbolic places, which is a lucky place from the Fengshui point of view because a mountain sits to the rear and a body of water sits to the front. It represents the environmental development of cultural space by blending folk belief, religion, social systems, adminstration facilities and living culture buildings. Therefore, it has a sustainable cultural view connected with a formed or formless religious view and an artificial view (walls, government buildings, living houses, cultivated lands, etc.) in a natural landscape. Environmental design techniques, enlarging the meaning and value of living on a mental level, can be found in the arrangement of space composition and settlement of Nagan walled town. The organised spaces of government and residential areas were constructed within the wall with the view of searching for lucky places (from best, better and good places) in order to construct ecological networks (天+地+人, 山+水+方位+人, 地理+生利+山水+人心} according to the outlooks of space and settlement.

토목 발파가 소음, 진동, 부유 분진에 미치는 영향

정진도,김영국 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This research is to determine the level of environmental pollution at a blasting construction area which is the origin of noise, vibration, and suspended particle, and to compare the results with other domestic and international standard data. This experiment is also to find out the effects resulting from blasting construction and to propose a plan that can decrease environmental pollution. The blasting construction area is a factory site which is about one and half million square meter and sewage disposal plant is about ninety thousand square meter. Both were selected as the areas for the tests to be conducted in determination test. The test to determine the level of noise, vibration, and total suspended particle was conducted thirty times around the blasting construction area by comparing measurement results and numerical analysis. However, as the test was not conducted in the laboratory but in the actual blasting construction area, it was not possible to do the test with the same exact conditions each true. Therefore, the test was not ideal as conditions could change from test to test. For the most part, the level of noise was below the standard level of 70dB. Every vibration test was under the standard limitation. For example, a house, 200m away was tested for noise and vibration and the level was found to be under the 0.2 cm/sec which is the standard for specially designed cultural sites., i.e very low level. Also a buried oil pipeline that was 30m away also marked under 2.0cm/sec which is the norm for an industrial area. However, if there were an oil pipeline under the house, the amount of charging gunpowder per hole should be decreased compared to the amount used in the test. The test result for suspended particles under the standard limitation which is 24hour average 300㎍/m² at a distance from blasting wavelength, but at detonator, total suspended particle from the blast origin exceeded the standard limitation. If explosion occurs when it detonates in the hole, most of the energy would be absorbed in the crushing of rocks, but some remaining energy would make noises and vibration inevitable. So the important thing is how to minimize the environmental pollution from the blasting. There should be regulations in order that the standard limitation is not exceeded, and to decrease the environmental pollution from the blasting.

은이온 교환 A형 제오라이트로 부터의 은이온용출이 항균력에 미치는 영향

이무강,신현무,임경천 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

An author has been known that A-type zeolite supported with silver ions has excellent antibacterial activity. However, it is no research of concern in the antibacterial activity of eluted silver ions. This study tested the elution of silver ions from A-type zeolite silver ions in deionized distilled water and NaNO₃ aqueous solution. In NaNO₃ aqueous solution of 74mM to 588mM, it was found that the concentration of silver ions and electric conductivity increased with the increasing concentration of sodium ions, and equilibrated at 15 min, and the ion exchange equilibrium coefficient, k, is 1.3x 10^(-3). However, deionized distilled water is not equilibrated to pass 6 months. A-type zeolite sodium ions showed no antibacterial activity. It was found that antibacterial activity was exhibited even at the concentration of 10 nM of eluted silver ions, and E-coli died with the incorporation of 2.43 × 10^(8) Ag ion/cell. antibacterial activity of A-type zeolite silver ions were mainly attributed to hydroxyl radical.

고체 촉매를 이용한 대두유와 폐식용유의 에스테르화

신용섭 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Esterification of soybean oil with methanol was investigated. First of all, liquid-liquid equilibriums for systems of soybean oil and methanol were measured at temperatures ranging from 40 to 65°C. Profiles of conversion of soybean oil with time were determined from the glycerine content in reaction mixtures for the different kinds of catalysts, such as NaOH, CaO, Ca(OH)₂, MgO, Mg(OH)₂, and Ba(OH)₂. The effects of dose of catalyst, cosolvent and reaction temperature on final conversion were examined. Esterification of waste vegetable oil with methanol was investigated and compared to the case of soybean oil. Solubility of methanol in soybean oil was substantially greater than that of soybean oil in methanol. When the esterification reaction of soybean oil was catalyzed by solid catalyst, final conversion was strongly dependent on the alkalinity of the solid catalyst, and increased with the alkalinity of the metal. Hydroxides from the alkali metals were more effective than oxides. When Ca(OH)₂ was used for the esterification catalyst, maximum value of final conversion was measured at dose of 4%. When CHCl₃ as a cosolvent, was added into the reaction mixture of soybean oil which catalyzed by Ba(OH)₂, maximum value of final conversion was appeared at dose of 3%. When waste vegetable oil was catalyzed by NaOH and solid catalysts, high final conversion, over 90%, and fast reaction rate were obtained.

황산염을 이용한 매립지 유기물분해 촉진과 분해속도에 관한 연구

김정권,윤태경,김가야 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

In this study, sulfate reduction reaction was used to increase the decomposition of organics, which is the most critical factor for the stabilization of a landfill site. Composite of sewage sludge, papers, and incineration ashes was used in the column. The experimental results indicated that out of 10 reactors, the reactors 3, 4, 8, and 9 showed higher organics (i.e., TOC) removal rate than that in the absence of sulfate. The organics removal rates (K) in R3 and R9 were 8.65e^(-4)/d and 3.82e^(-4)/d, respectively. The times to reach 10% of initial concentrations in R3 and R9 was 7.3 and 16.5 years, respectively, showing faster organics decomposition rates in these reactors.

Cu, Pb, 및 Cd로 오염된 토양의 동전기적 방법에 의한 제거에 있어 중금속 종이 미치는 영향

신현무,윤삼석 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Three kinds of toxic heavy metals, such as lead, copper, and cadmium, existing abundantly in contaminated soils were selected to investigate pH change, electroosmotic flow, and the removal rate in the application of electrokinetic process. In the change of pHs, they reached to about 12 and 2 at each cathodic and anodic region, respectively, and maintained for reaction being proceeded. Electroosmotic flow rates were not influenced by the kind of metal species but by electropotential gradient. On the soils contaminated by each metal, the removal rate of Cd was the fastest among three as in the order of Cd>Pb>Cu. While on the soils contaminated by mixed metal species, Cu was the fastest. Metal species transported by electrokinetic processes were distributed in between 0.9 and 1.0 of normalized region. In the case of soils contaminated by one kind of metal. the relative concentrations of Pb and Cd estimated in between normalized region 0.9 and 1.0 were 5.2 and 5.7, respectively.

대구지역 PM10 오염 관리를 위한 시간적 및 공간적 오염 특성 평가

조완근,권기동 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Present study analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM10 pollution in Metropolitan Daegu area based on air pollution monitoring station data and measurements of PM10 concentrations in background area in order to provide essential data for efficient PM10 pollution management. The significant variation of spatial and temporal PM10 concentrations in Daegu area was observed during the study years. The highest maximum PM10 concentration(332 ㎍/m²), average concentration(88 ㎍/m²) and frequency exceeding PM10 daily standard(150 ㎍/m²) were all observed in Namsandong located near a major roadway. The hourly and weekly variations of PM10 concentrations had different pattern for the measurement sites. The monthly and seasonal concentrations exhibited a notable characteristic: the maximum concentration was obtained in spring season, most likely due to Yellow sand effects. Furthermore, this temporal variation of PM10 pollution varied with study site. Meanwhile, the PM10 values measured at the monitoring site, Manchondong, were comparable with those of a control site. The average PM10 concentration ranged from 23 ㎍/ m² to 115 ㎍/ m² with a mean value of 53 ㎍/ m² in the former site and from 22 ㎍/m² to 91 ㎍/m² with a mean value of 45 ㎍/m² in the latter site.