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Mycobacterium genavense induced mycobacteriosis in an Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus)
( Yeonsu Oh ),( Sang-joon Lee ),( Dong-seob Tark ),( Ho-seong Cho ) 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2021 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.44 No.2
The report describes an avian mycobacteriosis in a captive wild bird. A 7-year-old female Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) maintained in a zoo of Korea presented a gradual cachexia and eventually was found dead. At necropsy, severely atrophied pectoral muscles exposing the keel bone were noticed. Yellowish thick nodules in varying sizes were scattered in all lobes of lungs, liver and spleen, suggesting mycobacteriosis. Histopathologically, multifocal to coalescing granulomas surrounded by multinucleated giant cells were observed. Numbers of acid-fast bacilli were revealed in granulomas. Then, a series of molecular diagnostic techniques were followed: a nested PCR, DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. It resulted as Mycobacterium genavense. The identification of M. genavense as an etiological agent suggested that it might serve as a risk factor for other captive wild animals, and for a potential zoonotic risk since M. genavense have been a definite cause of disseminated mycobacterial infection in immunocompromised people. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of avian mycobacteriosis with M. genavense in a captive Indian peafowl.
돼지 써코바이러스 2형 및 돼지 생식기 호흡기 증후군 바이러스가 Salmonella Typhimurium 장염에 미치는 영향
양형석 ( Hyoung-seok Yang ),김재훈 ( Jae-hoon Kim ) 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.3
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are known as significant immunosuppressive viruses in pigs. In this study, we investigated the correlation of PCV2 and PRRSV in enteric lesions of porcine salmonellosis. A total of 64 cases were classified into four pig groups as group A (24 cases, S. Typhimurium), group B (11 cases, S. Typhimurium+ PCV2), group C (16 cases, S. Typhimurium+PRRSV) and group D (13 cases, S. Typhimurium+ PCV2+PRRSV). Comparing with group A, ulcerative enteritis in large intestine was little more prevalent in the PCV2 infected pigs in group B and D. And lymphoid depletion in gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT) of large intestine was also detected in PCV2 positive group B (36.4%) and D (30.8%). According to the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC), PCV2 antigens (83.3%) were more prevalently distributed in the intestinal lesions of porcine salmonellosis than PRRSV antigens (10.3%). PCV2 were also detected in the lymphoid depleted GALT of the large intestine from 7 of the 8 pigs (87.5%), but PRRSV were not found in all cases. It may explain that PCV2 can play a certain immunological role to enhance secondary bacterial infection in porcine alimentary tracts.
착유기 세척제가 신개발 젖소 유두컵 라이너용 고무조성물 재질에 미치는 화학적 영향
이정치 ( Jeong-chi Lee ) 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.2
This study investigated the effects of the alkaline detergent and acid rinse used for cleaning milking machines on the rubber composition of the newly-developed teat cup liners. The samples prepared for use in the clean-in-place process were analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, ion chromatography and liquid chromatography. In the absorption spectrum of the first sample solution, the form of absorbance or absorption peak was largely different, compared to the absorption spectrum of alkaline detergent alone, but in the absorption spectra of the second and third sample solutions, the absorbance decreased, which was similar to the absorption spectrum in the pure acid detergent. In the ion chromatogram, two main peaks only, which might be shown by the pure alkaline detergent alone, were measured. In the liquid chromatograms, however, new peaks were observed in addition to the two main peaks caused by the pure alkaline detergent alone, which suggested that various molecular materials were created or eluted from the liner by the reaction with the alkaline detergent, but when washed with the acid detergent, any ion species were not produced. Therefore, we propose that an acid rinse should be applied, after cleaning the milking machine with the alkaline detergent.
Effect of Korean red ginseng marc fermented by Bacillus subtilis on swine immunity
( Hong-kook Kim ),( Yeong-ho Choe ),( Geun-seop Kim ),( Ha-young Kim ),( Byeong-soo Kim ) 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.3
Red ginseng marc is a by-product of Korean red ginseng (panax ginseng CA Meyer) and contains ginsenoside which has pharmacological effects. The Korean red ginseng marc was fermented with Bacillus subtilis (RGMB). This study was carried out to investigate the RGMB effect on swine immunity. The variation of ginsenoside depending on the RGMB fermentation time was analyzed. Swine (Landrace×Yorkshire) were divided into control group (basic diet) and RGMB group (RGMB 1% diet). One percent RGMB was fed to the RGMB group for 28 days. The biochemical parameters, cytokine and immunoglobulin were analyzed. For 48 hours of fermentation on RGMB, ginsenoside Rb1 had increased 180.94%, Rg3 235.85%. Rg1 wasn’t detected before fermentation, but was detected after 48 hours of fermentation. The RGMB had effect of deceasing initial AST concentration 79.33±12.85 U/L to 54.00±14.46 U/L in final and was significantly lower (P<0.05) than control in final. In final RGMB had significantly lower (P<0.05) ALT concentration of 48.57±8.26 U/L comparing with control group of 65.43±10.31 U/L. RGMB had the effect of significantly decreasing (P<0.05) IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration of 2.44±1.31 ng/mL, 0.71±0.36 ng/mL and 0.51±0.21 ng/mL. The IgA concentration had significantly increased (P<0.05) in RGMB group of 0.56±0.06 mg/mL in final. These results demonstrate that RGMB has effect of increasing immunity and practicable to use as feed additives on swine.
Cat diseases diagnosed in Korea, 2015∼2017
( Ji-youl Jung ),( Kyunghyun Lee ),( Eun-jin Choi ),( Hyunkyoung Lee ),( Bo Youn Moon ),( Ha-young Kim ),( Byungjae So ) 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.2
There has recently been a growing demand for pathodiagnosis to determine the cause of death in cats. We retrospectively analyzed the diseases diagnosed in cats that were submitted to Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) in 2015∼2017. Overall diagnostic rate in feline samples was 85.2% (n=104/122). Among diagnosed cases, infectious diseases (n=63) were responsible for most of the feline diseases and feline panleukopenia (n=29) were most prevalent. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 was first diagnosed in cats at the end of December 2016 in the HPAI outbreaks. One case in 2015, 4 cases in 2016, and 14 cases in 2017 were associated with animal abuse, such as trauma and poisoning. These results suggest that suitable vaccination of feline infectious diseases, monitoring of the susceptible domestic animals during HPAI outbreaks, and interest on veterinary forensics to prevent and determine animal abuse are needed.
( Hyoung-seok Yang ),( Jae-hoon Kim ) 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.2
A total of 41 Salmonella (S.) strains were isolated from pigs suffered with severe watery diarrhea and were tried to identify by both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Fibrinous exudate and ulceration in the large intestine were prevalent in gross observation, and variable degrees of enteritis were observed in the histology of large intestines. Subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses demonstrated that 41 strains were identified as S. Typhimurium (39 strains), though 2 stains were failed to identify. Further identification was performed using both direct smear and protein extraction method by MALDI-TOF MS analyses. In terms of extraction methods, 100% (41/41) of isolates were identified to species level of S. spp. Whereas only 43.9% (18/41) were identified to species level using the direct method. These results thus suggest that rapid and accurate diagnosis of porcine salmonellosis can be guaranteed by MALDI-TOF MS combined with protein extraction method.
전라북도 지역 동물병원에 내원한 반려견의 주요 품종별 질환 양상 조사
김은주 ( Eunju Kim ),최창용 ( Changyong Choe ),류재규 ( Jae Gyu Yoo ),오상익 ( Sang-ik Oh ),정영훈 ( Younghun Jung ),조아라 ( Ara Cho ),김수희 ( Suhee Kim ),도윤정 ( Yoon Jung Do ) 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.2
Recently, demographic studies of veterinary medical database have been conducted to understand patterns of disease occurrence. Understanding incidence of breed-related disease would provide appropriate guidance for future health care strategies and offer useful information for early diagnosis of disease. However, in veterinary medicine, theses research has not yet been investigated in the Republic of Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of common medical disorders among dog breeds examined at primary-care veterinary clinics in Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea. The data were analyzed based on World Health Organization’s International Classification of Disease. A total 13,176 medical records of canine patients were analyzed from six primary veterinary clinics in Jeollabuk-Do from January to December 2016. Results showed that the most common health problems were ‘disease of skin’ (17.7%); followed by ‘diseases of digestive system’ (12.26%), ‘preventive medicine’ (10.08%), and ‘diseases of ear and mastoid process’ (10.4%). In seven out of ten breeds, the most common medical disorder was skin disease. For poodle such as Pomeranian and Chihuahua, digestive system disease was most prevalent. On the other hand, respiratory system disease was found to be higher in Pomeranian than other breeds; while ear and mastoid process disease was most common for Maltese and Poodle. This study can help owners, breeders, and veterinarians prevent and manage various diseases of popular breeds in Jeollabuk-Do in the future.
이인행 ( In-haeng Lee ),김지연 ( Ji-yeon Kim ),최종욱 ( Jong-uk Choi ),고바라다 ( Ba-ra-da Koh ),정보람 ( Bo-ram Jung ),박재성 ( Jae-sung Park ),나호명 ( Ho-myoug Na ),김용환 ( Yong-hwan Kim ) 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.2
This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of honeybee (Apis mellifera) diseases in Gwangju area. From November 2016 to August 2017, 89 samples were collected from 33 apiculture farms and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and real time PCR were conducted. 14 infectious pathogens, including seven viruses, two bacteria, three fungi, and two parasites, were investigated from random apiculture farms in Gwangju. The percentage of infectious pathogens were as follows: Stonebrood (76.4%), Deformed wing virus (51.7%), Nosema (27.0%) in PCR and RT-PCR. This result indicated that Stonebrood was most prevalent disease in Gwangju area. And we could get similar results from real time PCR. 84.8% of farms have more than two of infectious pathogens. Stonebrood and Deformed wing virus were major diseases in almost all seasons and Black queen cell virus disease was especially prevalent in May.
Polioencephalomalacia diagnosed in necropsied cattle in Korea
( Kyunghyun Lee ),( Eun-jin Choi ),( Ji-youl Jung ),( Hyunkyoung Lee ),( Ji-hyeon Kim ),( Byungjae So ) 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.2
Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is a neurologic disease of ruminants diagnosed by pathological approach. There is very little information available to understand bovine PEM in Korea. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic rate and pathological features of PEM in 334 necropsied cases of cattle submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency in Korea from 2015∼2017. PEM was diagnosed only in 13 (3.9%) Hanwoo, the Korean native cattle, and sporadically occurred in our country. The disease was the most diagnosed in fall season, and the age of the cows ranged from 1 month to 3 year. In all PEM cases, softening, and yellow discoloration of the gray matter in the cerebrum and fluorescence at the sites using ultraviolet illumination were grossly observed. Microscopically abundance of glial cells with vacuolar large cytoplasm and neuronal necrosis were commonly observed. This study suggests that future studies are necessary to identify the cause and pathogenesis for the control of PEM in our country.
김은경 ( Eun-gyeong Kim ),김민경 ( Min-kyung Kim ),권현애 ( Hyun-ae Kwon ),윤도경 ( Do-kyung Youn ),구정헌 ( Jeong-heon Koo ),박소연 ( So-yeon Park ),이희근 ( Hui-geun Lee ),조명희 ( Myeong-hui Jo ),하도윤 ( Do-yun Hah ),김철호 ( 한국동물위생학회(구 한국가축위생학회) 2018 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.41 No.3
Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are found in animals, humans, and environment. In addition, S. Enteritidis draws attention to the public health concerns due to carriage of antibiotic resistance traits. For these reasons, the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of S. Enteritidis are significant issues with regard to public health. To address this issues, a total of 24 strains of S. Enteritidis from 164 samples collected from several slaughterhouses in Gyeong-Nam province in order for antibiotic resistance profiles. Subsequently, we characterized the genotyping by random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. As a result, very high level of resistance to protein synthesis inhibition antibiotics and most isolates were susceptible to others. Six random primers were used for RAPD-PCR to reveal genotypes of S. Enteritidis isolates. One of the primer, P1245, generated 147 distinct RAPD-PCR fragments ranging from 400∼3000 bp. The number of RAPD-PCR products ranged from 4 to 8 for this primer. The RAPD-PCR fragments could be placed these strains into 3 subgroups and 2 classes by UPGMA cluster analysis. Interestingly, several S. Enteritidis that isolated from different slaughterhouses showed same genotype. These results showed only limited genetic variation among the isolates, those were grouped into a few different patterns of antibiotic resistance.