유럽 과학기술의 발달과 독일 공과대학의 시작: 칼스루헤 대학교의 생성과 발전을 중심으로

유진영 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2014 통합유럽연구 Vol.5 No.2

Germany has undergone the fastest industrialization in Europe during theIndustrial Era from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. A number ofreasons have been known to cause this change; however, it played an important rolein changing the time of the establishment of the University of Technology and thedual system of vocational education and training. This paper will cite the establishment of the University of Technology, which hasgreatly contributed to the growth of the European economy. In this regard, thisstudy will research the history of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, which islocated in the Baden region of Southern Germany. The Polytechnic School in Karlsruhe was established in 1825 (PolytechnischeSchule). The first lesson has been conducted here as a German institution of highereducation in engineering. Furthermore, the University of Karlsruhe has been modeledafter the Ecole Polytechnique engineering school in Paris. The Karlsruhe PolytechnicSchool was founded due to the influence of the École Polytechnique. As a result ofthe reputation of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), it has been selected underthe category of excellent initiatives II (Exzelleninitiative II) KCETA and KSOP /2006. This study focuses on the history of the German University of Technology in European context.

프랑스-영국의 관계, 숙적에서 동맹으로 (1815~1914)

조홍식 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2022 통합유럽연구 Vol.13 No.3

이 연구는 영국과 프랑스가 숙적에서 동맹으로 변해가는 장기적 과정을 세 단계로 설명한다. 첫째, 1815년 혁명전쟁이 종결되는 적대적 관계의 시기와 1914년 세계대전을 시작하면서 동맹국이 된 상황을 양국의 변화, 유럽 국제정치의 변화, 그리고 세계적 차원의 변화를 통해 살펴본다. 둘째, 1815년부터 1870년까지 프랑스가 주권이 제약된 패전국에서 유럽의 강대국으로 복귀했다가, 다시 프로이센과의 전쟁에서 패배하는 과정에서 영국과의 관계에 주목한다. 셋째, 1870년 이후 패전국 프랑스가 국제적 지위를 회복하려고 노력하면서 영국뿐 아니라 독일과 삼각관계 속에서 국가 전략을 도출해 가는 과정을 분석한다. 이상에서 우리가 특별히 강조하는 변수는 두 나라 정치체제의 성격, 제국주의적 경쟁 관계, 그리고 유럽 정치의 세력균형 논리다. 프랑스와 영국은 제국주의적 경쟁에도 불구하고 같은 자유 민주주의 체제로 독일의 부상에 공동 대응하게 되었다는 결론이다.

1970·80년대 유럽통합 추동력으로서 독일과 프랑스의 양축

신종훈 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2022 통합유럽연구 Vol.13 No.3

이 글은 1970년대와 1980년대 유럽통합 과정에서 프랑스와 독일 양국 협력의 중요성을 설명하는 목표를 가지고 있다. 이를 위해 이 글은 1960년대 유럽통합의 정체현상이 극복되는 출발지점인 1969년 12월 헤이그 정상회담부터 1986년 유럽단일의정서(SEA) 체결에 이르는 시기까지 프랑스와 독일이 어떻게 유럽통합을 견인하는 양축이 되었는가를 설명하고 있다. II장에서는 1969년 헤이그 정상회담부터 1974년 파리 정상회담까지 유럽통합에서 독·프 협력의 중요한 국면들이 기술될 것이다. III장과 IV장에서는 1979년 유럽통화제도(EMS) 수립 과정과 1980년대 초반 영국 분담금 문제 해결 과정에서 독·프 양축의 유럽통합에서의 지도적 역할을 설명할 것이다.

영국 금융법제의 특징과 금융감독방식의 변화가 한국에 주는 시사점

김봉철 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2022 통합유럽연구 Vol.13 No.3

Financial regulation and financial policy are actively discussed not only just in Korea but also all over the world. In the United Kingdom, known as a traditional financial powerhouse, combines the financial and the IT sector by applying its own dual supervisory system without using an integrated financial supervisory model commonly referred to as international standards. In addition, the UK emphasizes future-oriented principles through reflection and evaluation of financial supervision. For example, implements incubator and accelerator development policies to support financial tech companies, and unregulated space policies to produce innovative new financial products in the market. As a result, it has grown into a center of fintech startups, and in 2013, the growth rate of financial technology investment in the UK and Ireland exceeded 600%, showing a steep rise. Various policies based on the UK's dualized supervisory system as above have many implications for Korean finance. First, the UK's central bank-centered soundness regulation system can be a solution to secure the independence of current Korean regulatory agencies. Second, if work is divided between soundness regulators and corporate behavior regulators, the part of policy responsibility can be improved. Third, unregulated space can be a solution for growth and financial stability in the Korean fintech sector. Finally, innovative financial reforms led by the government can help Korea's rapid and effective financial stability. Unlike the UK, Korea implements an integrated supervisory system, but by analyzing the above UK cases, it is likely to be an alternative to solve the problems of financial regulations in Korea's current situation.

21세기 초반 유럽연합의 공간 확장 속 프랑스와 독일 간 지정학적 갈등과 공존 : 양국의 대(對) 유럽 지정학 전략간 비교분석을 중심으로

임태훈 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2022 통합유럽연구 Vol.13 No.3

This study consists to analyze the conflicts on the expansion of the EU in the early 21st century, through comparing the geopolitical interests of France and Germany. By doing this, this study aims to explore an alternative policy for the coexistence of the geopolitical interests of both countries in the course of the EU-Expansion. Concerning the EU-geopolitical construction, France prefers to consolidate the politico-economic integration of the existing Southern European member states to the EU. And she wants to expand the geopolitical sphere of influence of Europe toward the Mediterranean region. On the contrary, Germany supports the eastward expansion of the EU into Eastern Europe. And she seeks to make European geopolitical influences on Central Asia. This interest conflict between both countries has happened, because the geopolitical strategy of France is based on the Western European centrality and that of Germany has been developed by the Central European centrality. In order to minimize this geopolitical clash on the EU-Expansion between both countries, it would be necessary to develop and to implement constantly the European Neighborhood Policy, of which objective is to stabilize the neighboring regions of the EU and to increase the interdependence with them.

사회주의 체제전환 이후 헝가리 재외 국민 정책 연구: 재외 국민 법을 중심으로

김지영 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2022 통합유럽연구 Vol.13 No.3

The issue of overseas Hungarian citizens arose as a result of World War I and World War II. Hungarians living in the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire before the First World War were unintentionally 'foreigners' due to the end of World War I with the defeat of Hungary and the establishment of subsequent countries following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hungary's overseas citizens problem is a complicated in which the political interests of the Allied Powers and allies, and the victorious and defeated countries are at stake. Hungary's overseas national policy has no choice but to consider complex aspects. Moreover, the situation in Hungary after Hungary became communist in 1949 became a factor that made it impossible to carry out the Hungarian policy for overseas citizens normally. Hungary's policies for foreigners residing abroad are largely divided into the communist period and the post-communist period. During the communist period, the Hungarian government recognized that the problems of Hungarian overseas residents and ethnic minorities were individual issues of the country in which the Hungarians reside, that is, internal issues within the scope of their sovereignty.

동유럽의 신흥 지역 연합체 - 삼해 동맹 연구

김용덕,김종석 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2022 통합유럽연구 Vol.13 No.2

The Three Seas Initiative(TSI) is a forum of twelve states, in the European Union, running along a north-south axis from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic and Black Seas in Central and Eastern Europe. The Three Seas Initiative, which was influenced by the Polish interwar Intermarium concept, was launched in 2015 by Polish President Andrzej Duda and Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović. The Three Seas Initiative is aimed at developing infrastructure in Eastern Europe, which would create solid foundations for economic growth in key areas - energy, transport and digital economy. 12 countries joined the Initiative - Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. The Three Seas Initiative’s priority is to create in Eastern Europe a coherent and well integrated infrastructure, which would enable to overcome development deficiencies caused by a turbulent history of this region. This would eliminate infrastructural and economic imbalances of the common European market. The Initiative’s main added value lies in ensuring political support at the highest level for vital investments in Eastern Europe. Therefore, the Three Seas Initiative is pro-European in nature and complements other formats for regional co-operation. It is also a valuable platform for strengthening transatlantic links.

러시아의 우크라이나 침공 이후 EU의 대러시아 에너지 의존 감축 정책: 실현 가능성과 그 여파에 대한 고찰

강유덕 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2022 통합유럽연구 Vol.13 No.2

The European Union (EU) announced its plans to suspend imports of Russian energy sources in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. This study examines the debates on the EU's energy dependence on Russia from the European perspective. It also reviews RePowerEU, the EU's roadmap to reduce and stop imports of natural gas from Russia, and changes that the plan will bring about. Most EU member countries have a very high energy dependence rate, and Russia accounts for a high share in fossil fuel imports of the EU. The EU-Russia trade is characteristic of a consumer-supplier relationship. Despite the EU's economic sanctions against Russia after Russia annexed Crimea in 2014, the energy imports from Russia have not notably declined. On the other hand, the proportion of fossil fuels used decreased, and the proportion of renewable energy increased according to the EU's measures to respond to climate change. If the EU wants to reduce or stop imports of natural gas from Russia under the RePowerEU, it will have to diversify its energy sources in the short term. It is expected to significantly increase the use of renewable energy such as wind and solar power and green hydrogen in the medium term. European Green Deal will likely find another political push in this process because climate change issues are now linked to energy security. On the other hand, developing countries are likely to face a more significant burden due to rising energy prices and stricter environmental regulations. Strategies to reduce energy dependence on Russia can catalyze European integration, contributing to solidifying the EU's foreign and security and energy policies. On the other hand, there is a possibility that different energy situations and security perceptions create a divergence between countries.

유럽연합의 지원을 통한 부다페스트 도시재생

송은지 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2022 통합유럽연구 Vol.13 No.2

The Budapest Urban Regeneration Project was started with the support of the European Union. In addition, in the early stages of this project, a project focused on improving basic urban infrastructure was promoted. As a result, in Budapest, it was possible to develop an urban area where visible results could be seen in a short period of time. However, this project alone was not enough to solve economic, social, physical, and environmental problems throughout Budapest. Accordingly, Budapest changed the direction of the urban regeneration project in a way that established medium and long-term urban development goals. With the introduction of mid- to long-term urban regeneration programs, Budapest has become possible to develop throughout the city, not only focused on urban centers. As a medium-term urban regeneration program, the "Budapest 2020" project was implemented, and the "Budapest 2030" project, a long-term urban regeneration program, is currently in effect. In this paper, we would like to examine the overall contents of the Budapest Urban Regeneration Project, which consists of programs that can improve the quality of life of Budapest citizens and preserve the unique environment and cultural resources of Budapest. In particular, by focusing on the core contents of the mid-term urban regeneration program "Budapest 2020" and the long-term urban regeneration program "Budapest 2030", Budapest aims for long-term sustainable urban development rather than short-term rapid urban development. This will provide useful examples for urban regeneration projects to be promoted in Korea in the future.

과거와 현재의 조각을 이어붙이기: 유럽 식민지 경험과 동시대 아프리카 디지털 콜라주

박재연 서강대학교 유로메나연구소 2022 통합유럽연구 Vol.13 No.2

Africa's 'digitalization' is now a clear social, economic, and cultural phenomenon. Digital culture permeates the daily lives of many Africans and connects Africa to other regions in a way that has never been before. How are contemporary African artists changing the existing story? They are not only experimenting with digital technology, but also creating new images that project space between the past and the present, analog and digital, pre-colonial and post-colonial reality. By shortening complex perceptions to moments, overlapping reality and unreality, and reorganizing landscapes and history through multiple spatial implementations, digital collages build a world closer to neutral than concrete actions. The artists want to use digital collage to remind their values that have faded in the long history of oppression and to volatilize negatives about black culture. Through this act, the concept of modern 'memory represented by the past' is dismantled, disappeared, and the past as a dead time is revived. Another characteristic of contemporary African digital collage is that it rejects fixed identity and tries to expand it in an irregular and distracting way. By combining broken symbols through contradictory mixed styles, contemporary african digital collage that contain metaphors for deviation overthrow tradition. It aims to overturn the image of the colony through the process of "African remix," which consists of multiple images containing complex contexts of self-sustaining memories and overlapping memories that cannot be defined in language.