Mineral carbonation of slate and red mud mixture

( Yue Zhao ),( Seon Won Rna ),( Ho Young Jo ) 대한지질공학회 2015 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2015 No.2

Mineral carbonation is a technology using materials having high content of alkaline earth elements (e.g., Ca and Mg) to sequester permanently CO2 as a form of carbonate minerals. Waste slate contains mainly cement and asbestos materials, which are sources of Ca and Mg, respectively. Red mud is bauxite residue after extracting aluminum from bauxite. Red mud is highly alkaline material because sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to extract aluminum from bauxite. The pH of the solution leached from red mud is approximately higher than 12. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using red mud as a pH control agent for aqueous mineral carbonation of waste slate. The leaching tests on waste slate and red mud using 1 M ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) solution and deionized (DI) water, respectively, were conducted. In addition, direct and indirect carbonation tests on waste slate and red mud mixture were conducted. Ca was leached approximately 30% from the waste slate in the 1 M CH3COONH4 solution. pH of the solution leached from red mud using DI water was approximately 11, regardless of a red mud dosage. For the carbonation test on the waste slate and red mud mixture, approximately 98% of Ca was removed from the mixture after carbonation, suggesting that approximately 35% of the carbonation efficiency. The CaCO3 content of the reacted materials determined using results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was approximately 22% ~ 39% higher than that of the unreacted materials. The results of this study suggest that red mud can be used as a pH control agent for aqueous mineral carbonation of waste slate using an acid solution as a solvent.

Micro-Raman scattering and dielectric investigations of phase transitions behavior in the PbHf_0.7Sn_0.3O₃ single crystal

Jankowska-Sumara, Irena,Ko, Jae-Hyeon,Podgó,rna, Maria,Oh, Soo Han,Majchrowski, Andrzej American Institute of Physics 2017 Journal of Applied Physics Vol.122 No.10

Vibrational properties of PbHf_0.975Sn_0.025O₃ single crystal at high pressures

Jankowska-Sumara, I.,Hong, J.-T.,Lee, B. W.,Ko, J.-H.,Podgó,rna, M.,Majchrowski, A.,Piekara, A. American Institute of Physics 2019 Journal of Applied Physics Vol.125 No.1

자궁경부종양침윤 임파구와 종양주위 임파절 임파구의 면역학적 특성

김승조,송승규,이헌영,김진우,남궁성은,박태철,지용헌,나덕진,김대훈 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 1993 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.4 No.4

To evaluate the immunological characteristics of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL) and autologous peripheral blood lymphcytes(A-PBL) in 20 patient.', with primary cervical tumors and tumor draining lymph node lymphortypes from 10 of them, lymphocytes were cultured in vitro for proliferation, phenotyping and cytotoxicity. Freshly obtained cervical tumor masses and draining lymph nodes were digested enzymatically. Lymphocytes were separated using ficoll-hypaque density gradient method, and were cultured in Waymouth's MB 752/1 media with 5% human AB serum only or with 1,000U/ml recombinant interleukin-2(rlL-2). The results were as follows ; 1. Lymphocytes from primary cervical rumors constituted from 20% to 90% of single cell tumor suspensions ( average lymphocyte cell: tumor cell ratio = 0.95) and expanded from 2.6 - folds to 130 - folds in 12 of 20 cultures. For 10 of 20 patients, lymohccytes derived from tumor darining lymph nodes proliferated in culture from 2.8 - folds to 120-folds. 2. When TIL, as well as A-PBL were cultured in 1,000U/ml of rIL-2, TIL significantly proliferated than A-PBI,(p$lt;0.05). 3. TIL and tumor involved lymph node lymphocytes were predoninantly cytotoxic/supressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 53.2% CD8^+ in TIL 54.7% Cd 8^+ in tumor involved lymph node lymphocytes. The proportion of CD 8^+of TIL and tumor involved lymph node lymphoctyes were significantly higher than that of normal draining lymph node lymphocytes and PBL(p$lt;0.01). ther were less than CD 56^+(natural killer cell, NK cell) in both of them 4. Cervical TIL, lymph node lymphocytes normal draining lymph node lymphocytes and A-PBL did not demonstrate any significant cytotoxicity aganinst autologous, allogeneic and K 562 target tumor cells, and autologous lymphokine activated killer(LAK) cells demonstrated antitumor cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells alothoug these lysis were low. But all of 3 rIL-2 cultured cervical TIL demonstrated substanitial leve of cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells(21.8 33.0%) compared to the cytoxicity of TIL cultured without rIL-2(9.1 0.1%) (p$lt;0.05). These results suggest that cervical TIL could be expanded in vitro and reach high levels of antitumor of fector function in cultures with rIL-2

Effect of Sn substitution on the elastic anomalies and phase transition behaviors of antiferroelectric PbHfO₃ single crystals studied by Brillouin scattering

Hong, Jung-Taek,Lee, Byoung Wan,Ko, Jae-Hyeon,Jankowska-Sumara, Irena,Podgó,rna, Maria,Majchrowski, Andrzej ELSEVIER 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The phase transition sequence of a PbHf<SUB>0.7</SUB>Sn<SUB>0.3</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> single crystal was investigated by using Brillouin spectroscopy. The longitudinal acoustic mode showed three distinct changes at ∼370 K, ∼455 K and ∼495 K which corresponded to the antiferroelectric 1 → antiferroelectric 2 → intermediate → paraelectric phase transitions upon heating. The paraelectric phase was characterized by softening acoustic mode, increasing acoustic damping and the appearance of quasielastic central peaks which were observed upon approaching the phase transition temperature. The relaxation times derived from the acoustic mode anomalies and the central peak were consistent with each other and showed a slowing-down behavior. These precursor phenomena were attributed to the polar clusters having broken inversion symmetry. The substitution of Hf with Sn induced a very soft intermediate phase between the paraelectric and the antiferroelectric phases, where the longitudinal acoustic mode exhibited the lowest mode frequency along with substantially high acoustic damping. The transverse acoustic mode, which was observed in the two antiferroelectric phases, did not appear in the intermediate phase. These results indicated that the average symmetry of the intermediate phase may be cubic consisting of fine ferroelastic domains.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We measure the elastic properties of PbHf<SUB>0.7</SUB>Sn<SUB>0.3</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> single crystals. </LI> <LI> The acoustic anomalies related the phase transition are determined. </LI> <LI> The effect of Sn substitution on the elastic property is determined. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of Sn substitution on the elastic anomalies and phase transition behaviors of antiferroelectric PbHfO3 single crystals studied by Brillouin scattering

홍정택,이병완,고재현,Irena Jankowska-Sumara,Maria Podgórna,Andrzej Majchrowski 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.6

The phase transition sequence of a PbHf0.7Sn0.3O3 single crystal was investigated by using Brillouin spectroscopy. The longitudinal acoustic mode showed three distinct changes at ∼370 K, ∼455 K and ∼495 K which corresponded to the antiferroelectric 1 → antiferroelectric 2 → intermediate → paraelectric phase transitions upon heating. The paraelectric phase was characterized by softening acoustic mode, increasing acoustic damping and the appearance of quasielastic central peaks which were observed upon approaching the phase transition temperature. The relaxation times derived from the acoustic mode anomalies and the central peak were consistent with each other and showed a slowing-down behavior. These precursor phenomena were attributed to the polar clusters having broken inversion symmetry. The substitution of Hf with Sn induced a very soft intermediate phase between the paraelectric and the antiferroelectric phases, where the longitudinal acoustic mode exhibited the lowest mode frequency along with substantially high acoustic damping. The transverse acoustic mode, which was observed in the two antiferroelectric phases, did not appear in the intermediate phase. These results indicated that the average symmetry of the intermediate phase may be cubic consisting of fine ferroelastic domains.