Lessons of the Macro-Economic Development of the East- and Southeast Asian Countries

Gyö,rgy Neszmé,lyi 한국외국어대학교 동유럽발칸연구소 2003 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.11 No.2

본 논문의 목적은 아시아 국가들의 경제발전에 관한 사례와 선례에 대하여 헝가리의 관점에 에서 분석한 것이다. 특히 IMF로 대표되는 아시아의 경제위기와 홍콩의 중국반환이라는 세기적 사건을 경험하며, 이 지역에서의 경제 발전은 문제가 보여지는 듯 하기도 하였다. 그러나 한국을 포함한 아시아 신흥공업국들은 이 위기를 무사히 넘겼으며, 오히려 보다 긍정적인 경제 성장 효과도 나타나고 있다. 이 논문에서는 아시아 국가들, 특히 동남아시아 국가들의 경제 발전에 관한 현상과 논리를 헝가리의 시각에서 바라보고자 한다. 여기서 헝가리의 시각이란 필자가 연구한 지적 풍토와 분위기가 아시아의 그것과 다르다는 점을 인정하고 상정한다는 의미이다. 현재 경제발전과 개발이라는 두 목표는 헝가리 정부의 당면 과제이며 시급히 풀어야 할 숙제이다. 특히 사회주의로부터 시장경제체제로의 이행을 경험하고 있는 헝가리는 전 세계적으로 보여지고 있는 급속한 자본화와 세계화의 논의가 향후 그들에게 어떠한 영양을 미칠지 중대한 관심을 표명하고 있다. 이러한 시기에 동남 아시아 국가들의 경제적 발전에 대한 분석은 좋은 예가 될 것이다. 논문의 대부분은 필자의 박사학위 논문을 위하여 준비되었으나, 수정과 가필을 하였으며, 2002년의 시점에서 최신의 통계자료들을 추가하였다. The paper attempts to provide a peculiar analysis for Korean readers about the adaptable lessons of the Asian newly industrializing economis. The basic source of this paper is the doctoral thesis of the author, which he defended in Hungary in 1997. The day, when he defended his theses (June 18, 1997) was just two weeks before Hong Kong returned to China, and also only a few weeks before the Asian financial-economic crisis (which in Korea called as "IMF-crisis") – almost unexpectedly - emerged and escalated rapidly in the majority of the East- and Southeast Asian economies. The author selected the main lessons and conclusions of his research, and provides an updated summary in this paper. The author reviewed the common characteristics of the economic development of the Newly Industrializing Asian Economies (ANIEs). Through the case-studies of the Republic of Korea and Thailand also investigated the socio-economic relations of this peculiar way of development in details, with a special focus of the agricultural sector. The Author pointed out considerable differences among the certain developmental waves of the ANIEs, his conclusion is, that a reliable, comprehensive model of development (“tigress-model”) cannot be set up. The Author, gives a summary - from Hungarian view - of those factors of developmental experience in the examined countries, which can be adaptable for other countries. The paper contains also a review of the special characteristics of the economic relations between the examined region and Hungary, with suggestions for the further enlargement of trade and economic cooperation.

The Prospectives of the Economic Cooperation between Hungary and the Republic of Korea Focusing on the Food-and Agricultural Sector

Gyö,rgy NESZMÉ,LYI 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 동유럽발칸연구소 2001 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.10 No.1

This article aims to review the background of the bilateral economic relations, their peculiar characteristics, and - as an outlook towards the future - attempts to provide certain proposals with the view of increasing trade and enlargement of co-operation. The 1990's decade has brought up significant political and economic changes both for Hungary and for the Republic of Korea (South-Korea, hereinafter: Korea). On the other hand, this decade was the period of an intensive development in the relations of the two countries. Hungary and Korea established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1989, and soon after this, the legal-institutional frames of bilateral state-level ties were set up. The total turnover of the bilateral trade is continuously growing, however with a strong Hungarian trade deficit. The structure of Hungarian export to Korea has considerably changed during the recent 3 years, goods from the food - and agricultural sector became predominant, first of all pork. As a conclusion of the article the author attempts to provide several ideas for the further development of the cooperation in the field of food - and agricultural sectors of Korea and Hungary.

Tyrosine phosphatase and cytochrome P450 activity are criticalin regulating store-operated calcium channels in humanfibroblasts

이경미,손상욱,Gyö,rgy Babnigg,Mitchel L. Villereal 생화학분자생물학회 2006 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.38 No.6

Diverse signaling pathways have been proposed to regulate store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in a wide variety of cell types. However, it still needs to be determined if all of these known pathways operate in a single cell type. In this study, we examined involvement of various signaling molecules in SOCE using human fibroblast cells (HSWP). Bradykinin (BK)-stimulated Ca2+ entry, previously shown to be via SOCE, is enhanced by the addition of vanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases. Furthermore, SOCE is regulated by cytochrome P-450, as demonstrated by the fact that the products of cytochrome P-450 activity (14,15 EET) stimulated SOCE while econazole, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450, suppressed BK-stimulated Ca2+ entry. In contrast, Ca2+ entry was unaffected by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY83583, or the membrane permeant cyclic GMP analog 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (8-Br-cGMP). Neither nitric oxide donors nor phorbol esters affected BK-stimulated Ca2+ entry. SOCE in HSWP cells is primarily regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and the cytochrome P-450 pathway, but not by cyclic GMP, nitric oxide, or protein kinase C. Thus, multiple pathways do operate in a single cell type leading to the activation of Ca2+ entry and some of these signaling pathways are more prominently involved in regulating calcium entry in different cell types.

Combined PET and Biopsy Evidence of Marrow Involvement Improves Prognostic Prediction in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Cerci, Juliano J.,Gyö,rke, Tamá,s,Fanti, Stefano,Paez, Diana,Meneghetti, José,Clá,udio,Redondo, Francisca,Celli, Monica,Auewarakul, Chirayu,Rangarajan, Venkatesh,Gujral, Sumeet,G Society of Nuclear Medicine 2014 The Journal of nuclear medicine Vol.55 No.10

<P>Bone marrow is an important extranodal site in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and marrow histology has been incorporated into the new National Comprehensive Cancer Network international prognostic index. Marrow involvement demonstrated histologically confers poor prognosis but is identified by staging PET in more cases. How information from staging PET and biopsy should be combined to optimize outcome prediction remains unclear. <B>Methods:</B> The International Atomic Energy Agency sponsored a prospective international cohort study to better define the use of PET in DLBCL. As a planned subsidiary analysis, we examined the interplay of marrow involvement identified by PET and biopsy on clinical outcomes. <B>Results:</B> Eight countries contributed 327 cases with a median follow-up of 35 mo. The 2-y outcomes of cases with no evidence of marrow involvement (<I>n</I> = 231) were 81% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76%–86%) for event-free survival (EFS) and 88% (83%–91%) for overall survival (OS); cases identified only on PET (<I>n</I> = 61), 81% (69%–89%) for EFS and 88% (77%–94%) for OS; cases indentified only on biopsy (<I>n</I> = 10), 80% (41%–95%) for EFS and 100% for OS; or cases identified by both PET and biopsy (<I>n</I> = 25), 45% (25%–64%) for EFS and 55% (32%–73%) for OS. The hazard ratios for PET-negative/biopsy-negative cases versus PET-positive/biopsy-positive cases were 2.67 (95% CI, 1.48–4.79) for EFS and 3.94 (1.93–8.06) for OS. <B>Conclusion:</B> This large study demonstrates that positive iliac crest biopsy histology only confers poor prognosis for patients who also have abnormal marrow <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG uptake identified on the staging PET scan. Abnormal <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG uptake in marrow, when iliac crest biopsy histology is normal, has no adverse effect on outcomes.</P>

Novel graphene/Sn and graphene/SnO_x hybrid nanostructures: Induced superconductivity and band gaps revealed by scanning probe measurements

Pá,linká,s, Andrá,s,Molná,r, Gyö,rgy,Magda, Gá,bor Zsolt,Hwang, Chanyong,Tapasztó,, Levente,Samuely, Peter,Szabó,, Pavol,Osvá,th, Zoltá,n Elsevier 2017 Carbon Vol.124 No.-

<P>The development of functional composite nanomaterials based on graphene and metal nanoparticles (NPs) is currently the subject of intense research interest. In this study we report the preparation of novel type of graphene/Sn and graphene/SnOx (1 <= x <= 2) hybrid nanostructures and their investigation by scanning probe methods. First, we prepare Sn NPs by evaporating 7-8 nm tin on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrates. Graphene/Sn nanostructures are obtained by transferring graphene on top of the tin NPs immediately after evaporation. We show by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) that tin NPs reduce significantly the environmental p-type doping of graphene. Furthermore, we demonstrate by low-temperature STM and STS measurements that superconductivity is induced in graphene, either directly supported by Sn NPs or suspended between them. Additionally, we prepare SnOx NPs by annealing the evaporated tin at 500 degrees C. STS measurements performed on hybrid graphene/SnOx nanostructures reveal the electronic band gap of SnOx NPs. The results can open new avenues for the fabrication of novel hybrid superconducting nanomaterials with designed structures and morphologies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Prospective International Cohort Study Demonstrates Inability of Interim PET to Predict Treatment Failure in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Carr, Robert,Fanti, Stefano,Paez, Diana,Cerci, Juliano,Gyö,rke, Tamá,s,Redondo, Francisca,Morris, Tim P.,Meneghetti, Claudio,Auewarakul, Chirayu,Nair, Reena,Gorospe, Charity,Chung, June-Key Society of Nuclear Medicine 2014 The Journal of nuclear medicine Vol.55 No.12

<P>The International Atomic Energy Agency sponsored a large, multinational, prospective study to further define PET for risk stratification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and to test the hypothesis that international biological diversity or diversity of healthcare systems may influence the kinetics of treatment response as assessed by interim PET (I-PET). <B>Methods:</B> Cancer centers in Brazil, Chile, Hungary, India, Italy, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand followed a common protocol based on treatment with R-CHOP (cyclophosphamide, hydroxyadriamycin, vincristine, prednisolone with rituximab), with I-PET after 2–3 cycles of chemotherapy and at the end of chemotherapy scored visually. <B>Results:</B> Two-year survivals for all 327 patients (median follow-up, 35 mo) were 79% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74%–83%) for event-free survival (EFS) and 86% (95% CI, 81%–89%) for overall survival (OS). Two hundred ten patients (64%) were I-PET–negative, and 117 (36%) were I-PET–positive. Two-year EFS was 90% (95% CI, 85%–93%) for I-PET–negative and 58% (95% CI, 48%–66%) for I-PET–positive, with a hazard ratio of 5.31 (95% CI, 3.29–8.56). Two-year OS was 93% (95% CI, 88%–96%) for I-PET–negative and 72% (95% CI, 63%–80%) for I-PET–positive, with a hazard ratio of 3.86 (95% CI, 2.12–7.03). On sequential monitoring, 192 of 312 (62%) patients had complete response at both I-PET and end-of-chemotherapy PET, with an EFS of 97% (95% CI, 92%–98%); 110 of these with favorable clinical indicators had an EFS of 98% (95% CI, 92%–100%). In contrast, the 107 I-PET–positive cases segregated into 2 groups: 58 (54%) achieved PET-negative complete remission at the end of chemotherapy (EFS, 86%; 95% CI, 73%–93%); 46% remained PET-positive (EFS, 35%; 95% CI, 22%–48%). Heterogeneity analysis found no significant difference between countries for outcomes stratified by I-PET. <B>Conclusion:</B> This large international cohort delivers 3 novel findings: treatment response assessed by I-PET is comparable across disparate healthcare systems, secondly a negative I-PET findings together with good clinical status identifies a group with an EFS of 98%, and thirdly a single I-PET scan does not differentiate chemoresistant lymphoma from complete response and cannot be used to guide risk-adapted therapy.</P>

Transcranial electric stimulation entrains cortical neuronal populations in rats.

Ozen, Simal,Sirota, Anton,Belluscio, Mariano A,Anastassiou, Costas A,Stark, Eran,Koch, Christof,Buzsá,ki, Gyö,rgy The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.34

<P>Low intensity electric fields have been suggested to affect the ongoing neuronal activity in vitro and in human studies. However, the physiological mechanism of how weak electrical fields affect and interact with intact brain activity is not well understood. We performed in vivo extracellular and intracellular recordings from the neocortex and hippocampus of anesthetized rats and extracellular recordings in behaving rats. Electric fields were generated by sinusoid patterns at slow frequency (0.8, 1.25 or 1.7 Hz) via electrodes placed on the surface of the skull or the dura. Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) reliably entrained neurons in widespread cortical areas, including the hippocampus. The percentage of TES phase-locked neurons increased with stimulus intensity and depended on the behavioral state of the animal. TES-induced voltage gradient, as low as 1 mV/mm at the recording sites, was sufficient to phase-bias neuronal spiking. Intracellular recordings showed that both spiking and subthreshold activity were under the combined influence of TES forced fields and network activity. We suggest that TES in chronic preparations may be used for experimental and therapeutic control of brain activity.</P>