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Biodiversity analysis of natural arthropods enemies in vineyard agroecosystems in La Rioja, Spain
L. Jiménez-García,Y.G. García-Martínez,V. Marco-Mancebón,I. Pérez-Moreno,D. Jiménez-García 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.1
Major knowledge gaps exist regarding effects of landscape-level agroecosystem composition on the presence of natural enemies of agricultural pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of landscape mosaic characteristics on the diversity of predators and parasitoids of a viticultural landscape in La Rioja, Spain. Five habitats were evaluated: Mediterranean forest, Mediterranean scrub, olive groves, natural grassland, and vineyards. In all, we collected 28,640 arthropods, representing 10 orders: Araneae, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Mantodea, Neuroptera, Solifugae, and Thysanoptera. The grassland habitat presented the highest arthropod abundances. Carabid beetles showed preferences for Mediterranean forest and scrub, whereas reduviid bugs showed preferences for natural grassland. Landscape heterogeneity and connectivity with natural elements in the study area turn out to be effective in conservation of diversity of natural enemies of viticulture.
A methodology to derive global maps of leaf traits using remote sensing and climate data
Moreno-Martí,nez, Á,lvaro,Camps-Valls, Gustau,Kattge, Jens,Robinson, Nathaniel,Reichstein, Markus,van Bodegom, Peter,Kramer, Koen,Cornelissen, J. Hans C.,Reich, Peter,Bahn, Michael,Niineme Elsevier 2018 Remote sensing of environment Vol.218 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper introduces a modular processing chain to derive global high-resolution maps of leaf traits. In particular, we present global maps at 500 m resolution of specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content per dry mass, and leaf nitrogen/phosphorus ratio. The processing chain exploits machine learning techniques along with optical remote sensing data (MODIS/Landsat) and climate data for gap filling and up-scaling of in-situ measured leaf traits. The chain first uses random forests regression with surrogates to fill gaps in the database (> 45<I>%</I> of missing entries) and maximizes the global representativeness of the trait dataset. Plant species are then aggregated to Plant Functional Types (PFTs). Next, the spatial abundance of PFTs at MODIS resolution (500 m) is calculated using Landsat data (30 m). Based on these PFT abundances, representative trait values are calculated for MODIS pixels with nearby trait data. Finally, different regression algorithms are applied to globally predict trait estimates from these MODIS pixels using remote sensing and climate data. The methods were compared in terms of precision, robustness and efficiency. The best model (random forests regression) shows good precision (normalized RMSE≤ 20<I>%</I>) and goodness of fit (averaged Pearson's correlation R = 0.78) in any considered trait. Along with the estimated global maps of leaf traits, we provide associated uncertainty estimates derived from the regression models. The process chain is modular, and can easily accommodate new traits, data streams (traits databases and remote sensing data), and methods. The machine learning techniques applied allow attribution of information gain to data input and thus provide the opportunity to understand trait-environment relationships at the plant and ecosystem scales. The new data products – the gap-filled trait matrix, a global map of PFT abundance per MODIS gridcells and the high-resolution global leaf trait maps – are complementary to existing large-scale observations of the land surface and we therefore anticipate substantial contributions to advances in quantifying, understanding and prediction of the Earth system.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Presented a modular process chain for plant trait mapping including local effects </LI> <LI> High-resolution global maps of leaf traits by fusing measured trait data, LANDSAT and MODIS </LI> <LI> Scope for testing and parameterizing trait-enabled Earth System models </LI> <LI> Implications for land management and Earth system science applications </LI> </UL> </P>
Martínez-Salinas Rebeca I.,Sánchez-Moreno Irene,Morales López Juan J.,Salvatierra Izaba Benito,Barba Macías Everardo,Armas-Tizapantzi Anahí,Torres-Dosal Arturo 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2024 Safety and health at work Vol.15 No.2
Background Gasoline, a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Gasoline station attendants, consistently exposed to its hazardous components, may face genotoxic effects. This study aimed to assess the influence of varying work shift durations on DNA damage in gasoline station attendants. Methods Ninety individuals from three locations in southern México were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay. Demographic, occupational, and lifestyle data were collected. Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Results Significant differences in DNA damage parameters were observed between exposed and unexposed groups. The impact of tobacco, alcohol, and exercise on DNA damage was negligible. Extended work shifts (12 and 24 hours) showed heightened DNA damage compared to 8-hour shifts and the unexposed group. A novel finding revealed a modest but significant correlation between DNA damage and job seniority. Conclusion The study highlights the intricate relationship between occupational exposure to gasoline components, DNA damage, and work shift lengths. Extended shifts correlate with heightened genotoxic effects, emphasizing the importance of personalized safety measures. The significant correlation between DNA damage and job seniority introduces occupational longevity as a determinant in the genetic health of gasoline station attendants. This discovery has implications for implementing targeted interventions and preventive strategies to safeguard workers' genetic integrity throughout their years of service. The study calls for further exploration of unconsidered factors in understanding the multifactorial nature of DNA damage in this occupational setting. Background Gasoline, a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Gasoline station attendants, consistently exposed to its hazardous components, may face genotoxic effects. This study aimed to assess the influence of varying work shift durations on DNA damage in gasoline station attendants. Methods Ninety individuals from three locations in southern México were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay. Demographic, occupational, and lifestyle data were collected. Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Results Significant differences in DNA damage parameters were observed between exposed and unexposed groups. The impact of tobacco, alcohol, and exercise on DNA damage was negligible. Extended work shifts (12 and 24 hours) showed heightened DNA damage compared to 8-hour shifts and the unexposed group. A novel finding revealed a modest but significant correlation between DNA damage and job seniority. Conclusion The study highlights the intricate relationship between occupational exposure to gasoline components, DNA damage, and work shift lengths. Extended shifts correlate with heightened genotoxic effects, emphasizing the importance of personalized safety measures. The significant correlation between DNA damage and job seniority introduces occupational longevity as a determinant in the genetic health of gasoline station attendants. This discovery has implications for implementing targeted interventions and preventive strategies to safeguard workers' genetic integrity throughout their years of service. The study calls for further exploration of unconsidered factors in understanding the multifactorial nature of DNA damage in this occupational setting.
Moreno Justo de Jorge,Velázquez Francisco Javier Martínez 한국마케팅과학회 2023 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.14 No.4
This paper analyses the performance levels of the leading compa- nies in the fast fashion sector, Inditex, H&M and Gap in the period 2005–2019. Additionally, the isolated analysis of Inditex, as a case study, has been considered, with special emphasis on its interna- tionalization process, in the period 1995–2019. The use of different approaches to obtain efficiency and productivity (DEA, intertem- poral and Windows models), have enriched this work. The results obtained indicate a good performance in the resource manage- ment of the companies analyzed. In the case of Inditex, a curvilinear U-shaped relationship was found between efficiency and its level of internationalization. In addition, average increases in TFP are observed in the case of Gap and Inditex. However, Inditex shows a trend of continuous improvement in most of the sub-periods considered, reaching an improvement of 18%.
Orthologous Allergens and Diagnostic Utility of Major Allergen Alt a 1
Antonio Moreno,Fernando Pineda,Javier Alcover,David Rodríguez,Ricardo Palacios,Eduardo Martínez-Naves 대한천식알레르기학회 2016 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.8 No.5
Purpose: Hypersensitivity to fungi is associated with rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. For some fungi, such as Alternaria alternata (A. alternata), the symptoms of asthma are persistent, increasing disease severity and the risk of fatal outcomes. There are a large number of species of fungi but knowledge of them remains limited. This, together with the difficulties in obtaining adequate standardized extracts, means that there remain significant challenges in the diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergy associated with fungi. The type of indoor fungi related to asthma/allergy varies according to geographic, climatic, and seasonal factors, making their study difficult. The aim of this study was to determine hypersensitivity to indoor fungi in a population from Cuenca, Spain. Methods: Thirty-five patients with symptoms compatible with rhinitis or asthma who showed clear worsening of their symptoms in their homes or workplace were included. In vivo and in vitro tests were made with a battery of fungal allergens, including the species isolated in the home or workplace. Results: Ulocladium botrytis (U. botrytis) and A. alternata were the most representative species as a source of home sensitization. These species showed very high concordance in skin tests, specific IgE, and histamine release. The allergen Alt a 1, which was recognized in all patients, was detected in A. alternata, U. botrytis, and Stemphylium botryosum (S. botryosum). Conclusions: U. botrytis and A. alternata were the most representative species as a source of home sensitization. Alt a 1 was recognized in all patients and may be considered a non-species-specific allergen that could be used as a diagnostic source of sensitization to some species of the Pleosporaceae family.
Victor Bonifacio Vela-Moreno,Arnulfo Luévanos-Rojas,Sandra López-Chavarría,Manuel Medina-Elizondo,Ricardo Sandoval-Rivas,Carmela Martínez-Aguilar 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.84 No.4
This paper presents a new model to obtain the minimum area of the contact surface for rectangular isolated footings, considering that the contact surface works partially to compression (a part of the contact surface of the footing is subjected to compression and the other is not in compression or tension). The methodology is developed by integration to obtain the axial load “P”, moment around the X axis “Mx” and moment around the Y axis “My”. This document presents the simplified and precise equations of the four possible cases of footing subjected to uniaxial bending and five possible cases of footing subjected to biaxial bending. The current model considers the contact area of the footing that works totally in compression, and other models consider the contact area that works partially under compression and these are developed by very complex iterative processes. Numerical examples are presented to obtain the minimum area of rectangular footings under an axial load and moments in two directions, and the results are compared with those of other authors. The results show that the new model presents smaller areas than the other authors presented.
MESOGRANULATION AND THE SOLAR SURFACE MAGNETIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION
Yelles Chaouche, L.,Moreno-Insertis, F.,Martí,nez Pillet, V.,Wiegelmann, T.,Bonet, J. A.,Knö,lker, M.,Bellot Rubio, L. R.,del Toro Iniesta, J. C.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Schmidt, W.,Solank IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.727 No.2