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Peace in the Global Era and Perspectives of the Unification on the Korean Peninsula
Johan Galtung 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2009 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.8 No.2
Peace studies divide into two parts, negative and positive. Both apply to the Korean peninsula. It is possible to work on both at the same time, and great progress has been made. Looking forward, much remains to be done. Positive peace presupposes negative peace; if the underlying conflict is not reasonably well solved positive peace will be a house built on sand. The word "unification" often used for positive peace, is problematic, and may itself stand in the way of unification. Unification of the Korean nation through open borders and free flow of persons, ideas, goods and services between the two Koreas is unproblematic, but unification of the two states into one is highly problematic. One state less? In that case which one, and how? Through military conquest like North Korea tried 1950-53? Or, as they also did, waiting for its collapse as a capitalist autocracy? Or, as some do in South Korea today, waiting an hoping for North Korea to collapse, like East Germany, calculating the costs without knowing the serious negative effects in Germany? Whether through conquest or collapse, this approach to unification is not peaceful. And peace has to be obtained by peaceful means.
Factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia
Johan Wibowo,Rivaldo Steven Heriyanto,Felix Wijovi,Devina Adella Halim,Claudia Claudia,Elizabeth Marcella,Billy Susanto,Michele Indrawan,Nadia Khoirunnisa Heryadi,Michelle Imanuelly,Jonathan Juniard A 대한백신학회 2022 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.11 No.1
Purpose: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread rapidly causing approximately 186 million confirmed cases around the world, the urgency to reach herd immunity through vaccination is increasing. However, vaccine safety is a top priority to limit the occurrence of adverse events. Henceforth, this study aims to recognize and perceive COVID-19 vaccine safety in Indonesia during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and was conducted in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic using an online survey of demographic information and a qualitative questionnaire. Responses were recorded and the association between demographic characteristics from survey questions was tested using chi-square with a risk estimate and 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 311 participants from 33 out of 34 provinces in Indonesia participated in this study. Recorded responses showed multiple side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine both shortand long-term experienced by the participants. Significant associations were found between demographic factors and COVID-19 vaccine side effects such as female gender with shortterm puncture site (odds ratio [OR], 0.463; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.263–0.816) and shortterm other reactions (OR, 0.463; 95% CI, 0.263–0.816), domicile outside Java island with longterm puncture site (OR, 4.219; 95% CI, 1.401–12.701) and immune reactions (OR, 3.375; 95% CI, 1.356–8.398), also between married marital status and long-term vagal reaction (OR, 4.655; 95% CI, 1.321–16.409). Conclusion: Gender, domicile and marital status factors were associated with COVID-19 vaccine side effects in Indonesian people.
Johanes Pramana Gentur SUTAPA,Ganis Lukmandaru,Sigit SUNARTA,Rini PUJIARTI,Denny Irawati,Rizki ARISANDI,Riska DWIYANNA,Robertus Danu PRIYAMBODO 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.3
The sapwood portion of fast-growing teak is mostly ignored due to its inferior quality. One of the possibilities for utilizing sapwood waste is to convert it into activated carbon that has good adsorption capabilities. The raw materials used in this research were sapwood of 14-year-old fast-growing teak sapwood (FTS) waste, which was taken from three trees from community forests in Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Region. FTS waste was taken from the bottom of the tree up to a height of 1.3 m. The activation process is conducted with an activation temperature of 750℃, 850℃, and 950℃. The heating duration consists of three variations: 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min. The quality evaluation parameters of activated carbon include yield, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content, adsorption capacity of benzene, adsorption capacity of methylene blue, and adsorption capacity of iodine. The results showed that the activated carbon produced had the following quality parameters: yield of 75.61%; moisture content of 1.27%; volatile matter content of 9.98%; ash content of 5.43%; fixed carbon content of 84.58%; benzene absorption capacity of 8.58%; methylene blue absorption capacity of 87.73 mg/g; and iodine adsorption capacity of 948.19 mg/g. It can be concluded that activated carbon from FTS waste has good iodine adsorption, which fulfilled the SNI 06-3730-1995 quality standard. Due to the iodine adsorption ability of FTS waste activated carbon, the conversion of FTS waste to activated carbon is categorized as a potential method to increase the value of this material.
$delta^(k)$-colouring of cycle related graphs
Johan Kok,N.K. Sudev 장전수학회 2022 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.32 No.1
With respect to a proper colouring of a graph G, we know that 2≤χ(G)≤∆(G)+1. If distinct colours represent distinct technology types to be located at vertices, the question arises on how to place at least one of each of k, 1≤k<χ(G), technology types together with the minimum adjacency between similar technology types. In an improper colouring, an edge uv such that c(u) = c(v) is called a bad edge. In this paper, we introduce the notion of δ(k)-colouring which is a near proper colouring of G with exactly 1≤k < χ(G) distinct colours which minimizes the number of bad edges.
Satellite and Local Measurements Based Services for Air Quality Improvement
Johan de Vries,Edo Loenen,Bas Mijling,Wencke van der Meulen,Arthur van der Meer 한국대기환경학회 2019 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.13 No.1
AIRBUS presents a global monitoring service on atmospheric composition and emission allocation. Air composition and meteorological data from satellites and local sensors are combined into a chemical transport model to build up or validate trace gas and particulate matter emission sources and their impact on air quality. The service is using the AIRBUS’ developed OMI and TROPOMI satellite sensors to be able to quickly disclose new regions around the globe at low cost, as has been done for eastern Asia and the Indian continent. This yields a database of up-to-date emission sources at a spatial resolution of about 3.5 km (and in the future 1 km) and provides daily observation data on regional and transboundary transport of pollutants. Target constituents are NO2, particulate matter, CH4, (tropospheric) ozone and SO2. The full blown service adds data from several measurement systems (on ground, aircraft, high-altitude solar powered drones or pseudo satelites (HAPS) and nanosatellites) and various data like land-use and traffic information to achieve street level spatial resolution while maintaining accuracy and validation status. The resulting database of emission sources has the same street level spatial resolution and is intended to serve local issues. It has presently been built for several EU cities. This advanced and costcompetitive Air Quality Monitoring service is used for awareness building, policy development and policy evaluation and enforcement. The intent is to realize a commercial global service, based on local cooperation. The paper will describe the service and status.
Johan Bjursell,George H. K. Wang,Robert I. Webb 한국재무학회 2011 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.09
We apply nonparametric statistical procedures to extract jumps around scheduled macroeconomic news in U.S. Treasury bond, U.S. Treasury note and Eurodollar futures prices from 2001 to 2004. Volatility and trading activity during announcement days with jumps versus no jumps are also analyzed with computerized trade reconstruction (CTR) and time and sales high frequency data. Several interesting results are obtained. First, while jumps often occur during announcement periods, many jumps cannot be associated with macroeconomic news releases. Second, volatility and trading volume are higher during announcement days with jumps than announcement days without jumps. Furthermore, volatility returns to the pre-announcement level faster following scheduled news releases with jumps than after announcements without jumps. Third, we find that price and trading volume are adjusting simultaneously in the first one-minute interval following the announcement. Thus our results do not confirm that there exists a twostage adjustment process for prices and trading volume in interest rate futures following scheduled public news releases.