한국 시의 아나키즘 영향과 무정부 낙원관

송희복(Song, Hui?bog) 한국비평문학회 2012 批評文學 Vol.- No.46

본 연구는 우리 시문학사에 끼친 사상적인 영향의 하나로 아나키즘을 우선 주목하고자 한다. 아나키스트들이 꿈꾸었던 이상 사회에 대한 동경의 관점이, 이를테면 무정부, 혼돈 등의 뜻을 머금고 있는 아나키(anarchy) 낙원의 관점이 시인의 시 작품 속에 어떻게 투영되어 있는가를 고찰하고자 하는 데 의미와 의의를 두고 있다. 권구현의 시 중에서 무정부(아나키) 낙원관이 보이는 것은 ?전원으로?라는 제목의 시이다. 오늘날 자치적으로 운영되는 ‘빌리지 코뮤니티’가 무정부 대안 사회의 모델인 것과 유사하다. 석송 김형원의 아나키즘 시의 대표적인 작품으로 ?그리운 강남?을 얘기하지 않을 수 없다. 일종의 노래시라고 할 수 있는 이것은 시보다는 노래에 방점이 찍혀 있다. 여기에 공동체 삶의 이상, 민중의 대동적(大同的)인 연대의식이 잘 묘파되어 있다. 시와 노래가 하나가 되는 공명과 반향의 절대 경지이다. 아나키즘 시 운동사에서 진경에 도달한 단 한 편의 작품이라고 할 수 있다. 이 노래에서의 ‘강남’은 다름이 아니라 ‘남조선 사상’의 변형이 아닌가 한다. 신동엽의 서사시 ?금강?은 노동의 신성성과 차별 없는 무계급 사회의 건설이라는 아나키즘의 경세관과 밀접하게 관련을 맺는다. 신동엽은 동학 혁명을 통해 역사적으로 현재화될 수 있는 아나키즘 사상의 민중적인 자발성과 평등주의를 이끌어내고 있다. 아나키즘의 사상적인 영향을 입은 시인들은 대체로 동양적인 무정부 이상 사회인 소국과민(小國寡民)을 지향하고 있다. 유치환과 이윤택이 아나키즘의 사상적인 영향을 받으면서도 그 낙원의식에 있어서는 서로 대조적인 성격을 보여주고 있다. 이를테면 유치환의 ?고대용시도(古代龍市圖)?와 이윤택의 ?밀양(密陽)?에서 아나키 공동체의 낙원 의식이 알게 모르게 엿보인다. 유치환은 그림을 통해 자신의 유토피아를 찾으려 했고, 이윤택은 문화 실천의 현장에서 이를 경험하고자했던 것이다. 김수영의 시 ?풀?에서 보이는 풀의 상징성은 일종의 연성 권력이다. 억압 기구로 제도화된 국가 권력을 강성 권력이라고 한다면, 시민의 자발적인 행위로 존재하는것은 연성 권력이다. 오늘날에 있어서는 시인들이 관심을 두고 있는 것은 에코아나키즘이다. 이것은 생태 아나키즘이니, 녹색 아나키즘이라고 말해지고 있다. 생태계 파괴의 주범을 부(富)의 집중 탓으로 돌리며 탈집중화, 다양성, 자발성을 통해 생태계의 위기를 해결하려고 한다. 환경 친화적인 공동체의 실현을 위해 아나키즘과 생태시와의 연계 가능성은 앞으로 더욱 강화될 것이라고 전망된다. Anarchism is not literary thought but social thought originally. It had a major effect on the social movement related to the 20th century and literary mode specially. In case of our country, anarchism was used as resistant spirit against Japanese colonialism. It focused on overcoming the thought of social darwinism. The poetry movement of anachism in Korea starts from Kweon guhyun and Kim hawasan. In the 1920’s, they were active. Dadaism and Decadentisme is related closely. But the level of poems in anarchism of the 1920’s did not attain a high level of aesthetics. The poetry movement of anarchism in Korea has been continued for a while after that. A song ?Nostagic Kangnam?written by Kim hyungwon which is used poem as lyrics had been popular in korean people. This song expressed the desire of liberation. An epic poem ?Keum gang? written by Sin dongyup, is reflected the thought of anarchism. There are a few poets who are related to anarchism in Korea. Ryu Chihwan among the deceased and Lee Yuntaek among all living poets are noticeable poets in modern Korea. Even though anarchism seems to be non?mainstream today, it sill attracts many poets in America and Europe. Anarchism is closely connected with ecological lyrics which can be called eco?anarchism and stimulates a friendly relationship with our environment.

食餌性蛋白質 水準에 따른 흰쥐의 體 內無機物含量에 미치는 영향

高鎭福,鄭福美,李成東 新羅大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and zinc contents were measured in the tissues of mature rats (Sprague-Dawley strain, male 60 week-old, female 30 week-old) fed either 10%, 18% or 24% protein diets for 40 days. Liver Ca contents of the male and female rats and femur Ca or muscle of thigh p contents of the female rats in 10% protein diet feeding group were significantly higher than those of 18% or 24% protein diet feeding group. Spleen Can, Mg and Zn contents of female rats in 24% group were significantly higher than those of 18% group. Liver P, K and Mg contents and spleen Mg contents of the male rats in 10% group were significantly decreased but muscle of thigh P contents of the female rats in 10% group were significantly increased compared with 18% or 24% group. Femur and muscle of thigh Mg contents of male rats in 24% group and muscle of thigh Mg contents of female ras in 18% group were significantly decreased compared with 10% group. Kidney and serum Ca, P, K and Mg contents in male and female rats were not affected by dietary protein levels.

國民學校 自然科 敎材의 資料開發 및 實驗方法의 改善硏究 : 변화 개념 중 실험 기구 개선 방안 A Study on the Improvement of the Experimental Equipment in the Change Concepts

최복원 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1978 科學敎育硏究 Vol.3 No.-

部分日蝕 관측 연구 : 1987년 9월 23일

최복원 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1987 科學敎育硏究 Vol.12 No.-

We observed the partial solar eclipse on 23 Sep. 1987 by photographic method. From these photographs, we acquired following results. 1. Thogh the photographic method for solar eclipse were fully examed and prepared, the sky at the time of which eclipse occured was very frequently changed from bright to cloudy and exposure time was not adequate at each time. Some of the photograpgs are not accurate in direct focus photograph of refracting telescope. 2. Multiple exposure photograph of solar eclipse was good. In 50mm single reflex camera, the full eclipse scene was not acquired. 3. The ratio of angular diameter of sun and moon was 0.959. 4. The central distance of sun and moon was changed and this is the result of complex movement of sun and moon. 5. Different methods for calculation of the area of bright solar part and ecliptic ratio in solar eclipse are used. 6. By calculating the ratio of the central distances of sun and moon from earth, sun and moon was positioned nearly the farthest point of aphelion. 7. In the result of photographs of solar eclipes, the starting time of eclipse was 10^h44^m and the time of largest eclipse was 12^h 25^m and finishing time was 13^h 45^m.

학습 포트폴리오 체계의 적용이 교과목을 수강한 예비특수교사의 학습능력 인식 변화에 미치는 영향

황복선 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2014 특수교육 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 학습 포트폴리오 체계의 적용이 특수아 초등 수학과지도를 수강한 예비특수교사의 포괄적 학습능력 인식 변화에 미치는 그 효과성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 충청지역 대학 내 특수교육과 3~4학년에 재학 중인 28명이 대상이었으며, 사전-사후 설문조사의 결과 자료를 검증하기 위하여 대응표본 t 검증과 일원분산분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 (1) 특수아 초등 수학과지도와 연계한 학습 포트폴리오 체계의 적용 후, 예비특수교사의 포괄적 학습능력에 대한 인식이 긍정적 방향으로 개선된 것으로 나타났으나, 영역별 세부항목 중 ‘수업내용에 대한 이해 및 적용’ 영역을 제외하고는 모든 영역에서 크게 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. (2) 성적 등급에 따라서는 ‘A등급’과 ‘B등급’의 경우 포괄적 학습능력 인식이 학습 포트폴리오 체계의 적용을 통하여 유의미하게 변화된 반면에 ‘C등급’의 경우는 전체 학습능력 인식의 변화에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 조사 결과를 바탕으로 수업과 연계한 학습 포트폴리오 체계의 적용을 통하여 예비특수교사의 학습능력 인식 변화를 긍정적으로 유도해 나갈 수 있도록 실제적이고 교육적 시사점에 대하여 논의하였다. The present study designed to examine the effects of a learning portfolio-based program on learning competencies perceived by pre-service special education student teachers during ‘Mathematical Teaching Methods for Elementary Special Education Students’ course. A total of 28 pre-service special education teachers who were junior and senior in the department of special education within Choongchung school district served as participants of the study. To analyze statistically pretest-posttest survey’s data results, the matched pair t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted. As results of the survey’s data analyses, I found that (1) after the implementation of the learning portfolio-based program connected with ‘Mathematical Teaching Methods for Elementary Special Education Students’ course, there were statistically significant effects on comprehensive learning competencies perceived by pre-service special education teachers. However, five sub-items showed less significantly positive changes except one sub-item including ‘knowledge and application abilities on instructional contents’. (2) According to grades, ‘grade A’ and ‘grade B’ groups showed statistically significant effects on learning competencies’ perception through the learning portfolio-based program connected with ‘Mathematical Teaching Methods for Elementary Special Education Students’ course. There were, however, no statistically positive differences in learning competencies perceived by ‘grade C’ group. In conclusion, this study suggested practical and educational implications for enhancing positively changes of learning competencies perceived by pre-service special education teachers through the learning portfolio-based program connected with university courses.

남성의 불임에 영향을 미치는 제요인 분석

이복희 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2002 생활과학논집 Vol.15 No.-

The study was performed to investigate the various factors affecting infertility in men. The subjects of 193 were randomly selected from men who visit the infertility clinic to have consultation on infertile problems. The semen analyses including sperm count, semen volume, sperm motility and questionnaire interview were undertaken. The results were as followings: 1.Subjects were average of 33.5 yr. old and 23.8 of BMI which is normal. Occuupation was mostly clerical workers and education level university graduates. income was <2,000,000 won. Hea1th was in good condition, but alcohol drinking and smoking is pretty high. They were heavy computer user and very much stressed from job and family. 2.Infertile group compared to normal group were doing less exercise, eating more, and smoking heavier. 3.Males ware divided into two group according to sperm count and sperm motility: inferioir group which had the lowest values of these two parameters and superier group the highest values. Inferior groups spent less time for exercise and ate more and have felt more stress than superior group. Also inferior group was less educated and earned less. The study indicates that infertile males were under highly stressful situation and had undesirable life style and eating habits. Futher studies are needed.

近隣公園의 效用性 및 그 利用者의 意識構造에 關한 硏究

金福滿 건국대학교 1980 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

This study was carried out to find the use and the consciousness structure of the visitors of a neighborhood park, Ja Yu park in Icheon. 1. The Ja Yu Park in Incheon city is used not only by the residents but also by sight seeing visitors. 2. The Ja Yu Park has some deficits especially in the movable spaces, but this park has been characterized as the Community park by its necessity or utility. 3. It is necessary to set up the sports facility and the Children's playground around the Ja Yu park for the supplement of athletic spaces of the park. 4. It is necessary to set up a practical policy to improve the utility of the park. 5. The settlement of the Sports park and Neighborhood park is desirable before the development of the country park of the specified area in Korea.

컴퓨터를 활용한 급식관리 업무의 효율화

이복희,송혜영 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학논집 Vol.13 No.-

Nowadays the computer application is enormously expanded in every way of life due to the development of information technology. The characteristics of computer are 1) fast, 2) precise, 3) reliable, 4) efficient and thus the productivity and effectiveness of work is greatly improved. Foodservice management is very labor-intensive and time consuming task. Recently, many kinds of computer softwares in foodservice management are developed and are used in some foodservice industry. The programs developed in the past are mainly for menu planning, nutrition analysis and evaluation, food cost analysis, while recent softwares are in use for purchasing, production, forecasting, inventory control, budget and employee payment etc.. In turn, all the tedious work becomes efficiently completed and managed in foodservice industry. However, this is only true in developed countries such as America, and yet not in Korea although the application of computer software is on the increase. Nevertheless, the computer based management system like ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning), EDI(Electronic Data Interchange), ECR(Efficient consumer response), VIP(Vendor Inventory Purchasing) etc. still deserves the value and appreciated in promoting the work productivity and efficiency in foodservice management. Therefore, computer softwares should be developed more and more and improved to be easily applicable in the foodservice area. Also, the integrated computer based management system should be developed and implemented in the foodservice industry for better management.

電波望遠鏡의 試作과 宇宙電波源의 觀測

崔福源,南相敦 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1979 科學敎育硏究 Vol.4 No.-

「奧の細道」登場人物の虛名

朴馥遠 진주여자전문대학 1997 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

이 「奧の細道」는 「曾良隨行日記」처럼 事實을 正確하고 充實하게 記錄한 紀行文이 아니다. 根本의 句를 中心으로 構想되고, 各事項의 印象을 簡潔 鮮明하게 감상할 수 있도록 取捨選擇이 行해졌고, 文學的인 作品性을 살리려는 의도에서 虛構가 表出되었다. 또한 이 作品은 事實의 主觀的인 描寫보다도 强한 主觀的인 感懷가 흐르고, 文芸的인 創作으로서 優秀한 紀行文이 된것이다. 「奧の細道」에 있어 虛構가 논의된 것은 1943년 「奧の細道」 여행을 隨行한 曾良의 隨行日記가 發見되고 난 以後부터이며, 虛構에 있었서도 內容上의 虛構와 人名에 나타난 虛名으로 大別할 수 있다. 이 作品에 있었서도 虛構를 使用한 作家의 의도는 文芸的인 創作으로서 훌륭한 紀行文을 위해 意圖的으로 使用한 것이다. 따라서 「奧の細道」의 虛名을 正確히 糾明하는 것은 芭蕉의 俳譜와 作品 鑑賞및 制作心理 硏究와 함께 이 作品의 優秀한 創作性을 吟味해 볼 수 있는 契機가 되리라고 생각한다.