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Pattern-Search-Based Algorithm for Ground-Motion Selection with Targeted Mean and Standard Deviation
Gifari Zulkarnaen,주영규 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.4
Ground-motion selection is essential as an input for dynamic structural analyses. Although recent studies have highlighted the importance of target variance as auxiliary criteria and introduced selection methods, they typically require a trade-off between computational expense and accuracy. This paper presents an effi cient and accurate method for ground-motion selection and scaling that matches both the target mean and standard deviation, while using either a single-objective- or multi-objective-based pattern-search optimization technique. The selection algorithm was tested using the code-based and conditional-spectrum-based target spectrum for various design scenarios. The results indicated that the pattern-search-based selection algorithm is an optimal method as it provides the best-matching records suite with a more precise and quicker selection than other notable optimization techniques.
Rizmoon Nurul Zulkarnaen,Hendra Helmanto,Enggal Primananda,Yayan Wahyu Candra Kusuma,Iyan Robiansyah 국립중앙과학관 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.16 No.4
Vatica javanica subsp. javanica is only found in Ciangir and Halimun in West Java, Indonesia. A≥20-yearꠓold evaluation led to the designation of the subspecies as Critically Endangered. Furthermore, the subꠓspecies is currently not present in ex situ collections. To enhance the conservation of the species, in the present study, we conduct population surveys and plant materials collection. With a total of 625 individuals, we were able to locate the subspecies in both locations by using a concentrated survey strategy. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy of the subspecies were 16.26 km2 and 12 km2, respectively. The populations in both sites were dominated by individuals with dbh <5 cm. Only 45 mature specimens were seen during the surveys. The habitats of the subspecies were characterized by humid and moderate acidic soil, slope topography, and northerly aspects. A total of 125 seedlings were successfully raised from the seeds and are being grown in the Bogor Botanic Gardens as ex situ collecꠓtions. Based on our research, we propose the category of Critically Endangered (CR) D as the new conꠓservation status of the subspecies. Habitat conversion and degradation were observed to be the main threats to the subspecies. Increasing the protection level of the habitats is urgently needed.