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Study on the internal irreversible losses and process exponent of single screw expanders
Lili Shen,Yuting Wu,Wei Wang,Biao Lei,Wei Duan,Ruiping Zhi 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.3
The irreversible losses including intake pressure, leakage, heat transfer, friction and over-expansion losses have great influence on the expander performance. In this paper, a thermodynamic model is presented to predict the real expansion process exponent and analyze the under-expansion or over-expansion under designed and off-designed operation conditions. The model verified by experimental results has a good agreement. Results showed that the real expansion process exponent of air is higher than the ideal adiabatic index of 1.4 and decreases from 1.716 to 1.644 with the internal volume ratio changing from 1.8 to 6.5. The real expansion process exponent of R123 is close to 1.00 under different internal volume ratio. Compared to the intake pressure, the variation of back pressure has greater influence on the large internal volume ratio than the small one. Thus, to adjust the back pressure is more effective to match the designed condition for the expander with a large internal volume ratio.
Lei Du,Lina Wang,Hong Yang,Jianping Duan,Jianming Lai,Wei Wu,Shaohua Fan,Xiaoli Zhi 연세대학교의과대학 2021 Yonsei medical journal Vol.62 No.12
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of sex comb on midleg like-2 (SCML2) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and potentially related mechanisms. Materials and Methods: SCML2 expression in tumor tissues and cells was analyzed using the TCGA database and/or qRT-PCR. The proliferation of HCC cells was detected by CCK-8, colony formation, and EdU assays. The migration and invasion of HCC cells were detected by transwell and wound healing assays. Apoptosis of HCC cells was determined by flow cytometry. Additionally, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of SCML2 and Wnt/β-catenin/epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling. A xenograft model in mice was established to verify the in vitro findings. Results: We found that SCML2 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cells and that high expression of SCML2 was correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. SCML2 overexpression promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration and repressed apoptosis of HCC cells. The reverse results were obtained in SCML2-silenced cells. Further, we found that SCML2 activated the Wnt/β-catenin/EMT pathway. SCML2 silencing reduced the protein levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail and enhanced E-cadherin protein expression both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: SCML2 silencing inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin/EMT pathway.
Bao-Xiang Zhang,Gang Ding,Jun-Cheng Lyu,Hai-Bo Liu,Dian-Cai Zhang,Dian-Cai Zhang,Xing-Jie Bi,Zhi-Wu Duan 연세대학교의과대학 2015 Yonsei medical journal Vol.56 No.1
Purpose: Cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)-expressing CD8+T cells have been known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis(AD). However, the mechanisms underlying the loss of self-tolerance remainunclear. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the development of homeostasisin the immune system. We, therefore, hypothesized that a reduced ability of Tregs to inhibit autologous CD8+CLA+T cells might be underlying mechanism in AD. Materials and Methods: CD8+CLA+T cells and Tregs were obtained from the peripheral blood of AD patients and control volunteers. The frequenciesof CD8+CLA+T cells were evaluated. The proliferative responses of CD8+CLA+T cells were assessed by flow cytometry, and the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in culture supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Our results revealed higher frequency and increased expression of perforin and granzyme-B in peripheralCD8+CLA+T cells in AD, and lower inhibitory ability of Tregs on proliferation of CD8+CLA+T cells in AD. Meanwhile, the levels of TGF-β1 produced by Tregs were significantly lower in AD, and anti-TGF-β1 abolished such suppression. Conclusion: The attenuated inhibitory ability of Tregs on hyper-activated autologousCD8+CLA+T cells, mediated by TGF-β1, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.