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        Fabrication of Ag nanoparticles coated leonardite basalt ceramic membrane with improved antimicrobial properties for DNA cleavage, E. coli removal and antibiofilm effects

        Mohammed Saleh,Zelal Isik,Pinar Belibagli,Hudaverdi Arslan,Serpil Gonca,Sadin Özdemir,Nurbolat Kudaibergenov,Alireza Khataee,Nadir Dizge 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.128 No.-

        This study aimed to fabricate a novel, low-cost, and environmental-friendly ceramic membrane based onbasalt and leonardite powders via press and sintering methods. The fabricated leonardite basalt ceramicmembrane (LBCM) was coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); to create an antibacterial surface. Thecapabilities of the bare and coated membranes were examined. In this context, water permeabilityreached 554 ± 2.61 and 447 ± 1.21 L/m2hbar for bare LBCM and AgNPs-coated LBCM, respectively. Thefabricated membranes indicated 100% Escherichia coli (E. coli) removal efficiency at a transmembranepressure of 0.5 bar. The solid surface antimicrobial activity of the LBCM and AgNPs-coated LBCM reached26.38% and 100%, respectively. The LBCM and AgNPs-coated LBCM were analyzed for the in-vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant. Accordingly, AgNPs-coated LBCM exhibited higherantioxidant activities than raw LBCM. The scavenging capacity reached 83.91% with AgNPs-coatedLBCM, while only 58.95% was achieved with raw LBCM, indicating that AgNPs-coated LBCM was betterthan bare LBCM from an antioxidant activities perspective. AgNPs-coated LBCM had a deoxyribonucleicacid (DNA) cleavage activity (single-strand DNA cleavage activity at 50 mg/L and double-strand DNAcleavage activity at 100 and 200 mg/L). In contrast, the raw LBCM did not exhibit DNA cleavage activityat any concentration. AgNPs-coated LBCM showed higher antimicrobial activities (minimum inhibitionconcentrations (MICs) were 32 mg/L against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and 64 mg/L againstStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis), and Enterococcus hirae (E. hirae)). Thebiofilm inhibition of LBCM and AgNPs-coated LBCM powders was tested against S. aureus andPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The maximum S. aureus inhabitations by LBCM and AgNPcoatedLBCM were 60.34% and 99.12%, respectively. The inhabitation of P. aeruginosa increased from52.38% before coating to 96.37% at the end of the coating process. Regarding E.coli microbial cell viabilityinhibition, LBCM powders and AgNPs-coated LBCM powders were found to inhibit E. coli growth by68.35% and 100%, respectively.

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