Attitudes of the International Community toward Iran's Nuclear Puzzle

Zehra Nilufer Karacasulu,Irem askar Karakir 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2008 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.15 No.2

This article aims to interrogate the attitudes of the US, the EU/EU-3, Russia and China, on Iran's nuclear programme. The underlying question is whether there can be a consensus in the international community for a comprehensive settlement. In trying to provide answer to this question first, the article briefly reviews Iranian motives and foreign assistance in the development of Iran's nuclear programme. Secondly, focusing separately on the US, the EU/EU-3, Russia and China, a comparative analysis is employed for delineating similarities and differences in their attitudes and concerns since the 1979 Iranian Revolution. This article arrived at a tentative conclusion on the basis that the debate is likely to continue, as there is no common attitude toward Iran's nuclear puzzle in the international community.

Purification and Characterization of an Alkali-Thermostable Lipase from Thermophilic Anoxybacillus flavithermus HBB 134

( Zehra Burcu Bakir ),( Kubilay Metin ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.6

An intracellular lipase from Anoxybacillus flavithermus HBB 134 was purified to 7.4-fold. The molecular mass of the enzyme was found to be about 64 kDa. The maximum activity of the enzyme was at pH 9.0 and 50oC. The enzyme was stable between pH 6.0 and 11.0 at 25°C, 40°C, and 50°C for 24 h. The Km and Vmax of the enzyme for pNPL substrate were determined as 0.084 mM and 500 U/mg, respectively. Glycerol, sorbitol, and mannitol enhanced the enzyme thermostability. The enzyme was found to be highly stable against acetone, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether. The presence of PMSF, NBS, DTT and β-mercaptoethanol inhibited the enzyme activity. Hg(2+), Fe(3+), Pb(2+), Al(3+), and Zn(2+) strongly inhibited the enzyme whereas Li(+), Na(+), K(+), and NH4(+) slightly activated it. At least 60% of the enzyme activity and stability were retained against sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurocholate, n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, and CHAPS. The presence of 1% Triton X-100 caused about 34% increase in the enzyme activity. The enzyme is thought to be a true lipase since it has preferred the long-chain triacylglycerols. The lipase of HBB 134 cleaved triolein at the 1- or 3-position.

Effects of a new stirrup hook on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams

Zehra Şule Garip,Furkan Erdem 국제구조공학회 2024 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.91 No.3

The primary aim of this study is to introduce an innovative configuration for stirrup hooks in reinforced concrete beams and analyze the impact of factors such as stirrup spacing, placement, and hook lengths on the structural performance of reinforced concrete beam elements. A total of 18 specimens were produced and subjected to reversed cyclic loading, with two specimens serving as reference specimens and the remaining 16 specimens utilizing a specifically developed stirrup hook configuration. The experiment used reinforced concrete beams scaled down to half their original size. These beams were built with a shear span-to-depth ratio of 3 (a/d=3). The experimental samples were divided into two distinct groups. The first group comprises nine test specimens that consider the contribution of concrete to shear strength, while the second group consists of nine test specimens that do not consider this contribution. The preparation of reference beam specimens for both groups involved the utilization of standard hooks. The stirrup hooks in the test specimens are configured with a 90-degree angle positioned at the midpoint of the bottom section of the beam. The criteria considered in this study included the distance between hooks, hook angle, stirrup spacing, hook orientation, and hook length. In the experimental group examining the contribution of concrete on shear strength, it was noted that the stirrup hooks of both the R1 reference specimen and specific test specimens displayed indications of opening. However, when the contribution of concrete on shear strength was not considered, it was observed that none of the stirrup hooks proposed in the R0 reference specimen and test specimens showed any indications of opening. Neglecting the contribution of concrete in the assessment of shear strength yielded more favorable outcomes regarding structural robustness. The study found that the strength values obtained using the suggested alternative stirrup hook were similar to those of the reference specimens. Furthermore, all the test specimens successfully achieved the desired strengths.

Killing Magnetic Flux surfaces in Euclidean 3-space

Zehra Ozdemir,Ismail Gok,Yusuf Yayli,F. Nejat EKMEKCI 호남수학회 2019 호남수학학술지 Vol.41 No.2

In this paper, we give a geometric approach to Killing magnetic flux surfaces in Euclidean 3-space and solve the differential equations which expressed the mentioned surfaces. Furthermore we give some examples and draw their pictures by using the programme Mathematica.

Decompositions of soft continuity and soft AB-continuity

Zehra Guzel Ergul,Naime Tozlu 원광대학교 기초자연과학연구소 2017 ANNALS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS Vol.14 No.5

In this paper, we introduce soft semi-regular sets, soft AB-sets and soft $% \alpha $AB-sets in soft topological spaces which are defined over an initial universe with a fixed set of parameters. We discuss their relationships with other weaker forms of soft open sets like soft semi-open sets, soft A-sets and soft B-sets. We also introduce the concepts of soft AB-continuous function and soft $\alpha $AB-continuous function. The new decompositions of soft continuity are provided.

Development of a prediction model using fully connected neural networks in the analysis of composite structures under bird strike

Zehra Hasılcı,Muharrem Erdem Boğoçlu,Ahmet Selim Dalkılıç,Altan Kayran 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.2

Bird strike is one of the most hazardous issues facing global aviation. In the present study, a hybrid methodology is developed utilizing, automated data generation and fully connected neural networks to practically and reliably obtain the global deformation of composite structures subject to bird strike. The validation of the proposed numerical bird strike model is accomplished by making comparisons with the available experimental data from three different resources in the literature on the chicken and gelatine strike tests to a rigid plate, and strike test against an aircraft composite vertical leading edge. For three different bird velocities, 9402 input files are created by an automatic data generator considering all possible stacking sequence combinations in accordance with the composite design guidelines. The global deformation of composite laminates caused by bird strike is estimated via the fully connected neural networks established. Results of the present study show that with the use of fully connected neural networks, global deformation of the composite laminate can be estimated reliably and preliminary design of the composite laminate can be performed very fast compared to performing nonlinear finite element analysis involving bird strike. In conclusion, the fully connected neural network model is found to be an alternative for additional LS-Dyna simulations in the optimization process.

Preparation of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Silk Sericin Blend Membranes with Solvent Casting Method For Effective Removal of Remazol Black B

Zehra Gün Gök 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

In the present work, poly(vinyl alcohol)/silk sericin (PVA/SS) membranes were obtained with an easily procedure and removal of remazol black B (RBB) by the membranes was investigated. To synthesize PVA/SS membranes by solvent casting method, 5% SS solution (g/mL) and 10% PVA solution (g/mL) were mixed one to one ratio by volume, the mixture was transferred to a petri dish and incubated at 25 ºC for 24 h. Then, the obtained membranes were incubated at 150 ºC for 1 h for physical crosslinking. The obtained membranes were characterized with fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then, for adsorption experiments, firstly, RBB adsorption capabilities of PVA/SS membranes were tested at pH ranging from 2 to 7. After that, the removal experiments were carried out at different incubation time, initial dye concentration and PVA/SS membrane amount to optimize the conditions for removal of RBB with the PVA/SS membranes. The obtained membranes removed high amount of RBB when the solution pH was 2 and the adsorption of RBB to the membranes reached equilibrium within 10 h. The maximum RBB adsorption ability of the PVA/SS membranes was found to be 15.27 mg/g when the initial RBB amount of the solution was 200 mg/L. These results show that PVA/SS membranes, which can be easily synthesized for large applications, have the capacity to be used to remove negatively charged pollutants such as RBB from liquid solutions.

A SURVEY ON SOME OLD AND NEW IDENTITIES ASSOCIATED WITH LAPLACE DISTRIBUTION AND BERNOULLI NUMBERS

ZEHRA SELIN ASKAN,IREM KUCUKOGLU,Yilmaz Simsek 장전수학회 2020 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.30 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to give some survey on old and new identities related to the characteristic function, the Laplace distribution and special numbers and polynomials with comparative results and observations. Additionally, we give some computation formulas for the higher-order moments of some kinds of random variables with the Laplace distribution in terms of the Bernoulli numbers of the first kind, the Euler numbers of the second kind and Riemann zeta function by using the techniques of generating functions and characteristic function of the aforementioned random variables. Finally, with the aid of the Hankel determinants formed by the moments corresponding to the weight function that reveals the orthogonality feature of the orthogonal polynomials, we give futher remarks and observations on not only orthogonality properties of some orthogonal polynomials such as the Hermite polynomials, but also construction methods of the three-term recurrence relations for the orthogonal polynomials.

Outcomes of 1st Remission Induction Chemotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cytogenetic Risk Groups

Zehra, Samreen,Najam, Rahela,Farzana, Tasneem,Shamsi, Tahir Sultan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.12

Background: Diagnostic karyotyping analysis is routinely used in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) clinics. Categorization of patients into risk stratified groups (favorable, intermediate and adverse) according to cytogenetic findings can serve as a valuable independent prognostic factor. Method and Material: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted based on the patient records of newly diagnosed non-M3 AML young adult cases undergoing standard 3+7 i.e, Daunorubicin and Ara-C (DA) as remission induction chemotherapy. Diagnostic cytogenetic analysis reports were analyzed to classify the patients into risk stratified groups according to South West Oncology Group criteria and prognostic significance was measured with reference to achievement of haematological remission after 1st induction chemotherapy. Results:A normal karyotype was commonly expressed, found in 47.2% of patients, while 65% (n=39) appeared to have intermediate risk cytogenetics, and 13.3% (n=8) adverse or unclassified findings. Favourable cytogenetics was least frequent in the patient cohort, accounting for only 8.3 % (n=5).The impact of cytogenetic risk groups on achievement of haematological remission was evaluated by applying Pearson Chi-square, and was found to be non-significant (df=12, p=0.256) but when the outcomes of favourable risk groups with intermediate, adverse and unclassified findings compared, results were highly significant (df=6, p=0.000) for each comparison. In patients of the favourable cytogenetic risk group, HR?? was reported in 40% (n=2/5), as compared to 62.2% (n=23/37) in the intermediate cytogenetic risk group, 57.1% (n=4/7) in the adverse cytogenetic risk group and 28.6% (n=2/7) in hte unclassified cytogenetic risk group. Conclusion: Cytogenetic risk stratification for AML cases following criteria provided by international guidelines did not produce conclusive results in our Pakistani patients. However, we cannot preclude an importance as the literature clearly supports the use of pretreatment karyotyping analysis as a significant predictive marker for clinical outcomes. The apparent differences between Pakistani and Western studies indicate an urgent need to develop risk stratification guidelines according to the specific cytogenetic makeup of South Asian populations.

Generalized Smarandache curves with Frenet-type frame

Zehra Isbilir 호남수학회 2024 호남수학학술지 Vol.46 No.2

In this study, we investigate Smarandache curves with Frenet-type frame in Myller configuration for Euclidean 3-space $E_3$. Also, we introduce some characterizations and invariants of them. Then, we construct a numerical example with respect to these special Smarandache curves in order to understand the obtained materials.