Lactobacillus casei Zhang Prevents Jejunal Epithelial Damage to Early-Weaned Piglets Induced by Escherichia coli K88 via Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Integrity, Tight Junction Proteins and Immune Factor Expression

( Yuying Wang ),( Xue Yan ),( Weiwei Zhang ),( Yuanyuan Liu ),( Deping Han ),( Kedao Teng ),( Yunfei Ma ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.6

Farm animals such as piglets are often affected by environmental stress, which can disturb the gut ecosystem. Antibiotics were commonly used to prevent diarrhea in weaned piglets, but this was banned by the European Union due to the development of antibiotic resistance. However, the use of probiotics instead of antibiotics may reduce the risk posed by pathogenic microorganisms and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus casei Zhang on the mechanical barrier and immune function of early-weaned piglets infected using Escherichia coli K88 based on histomorphology and immunology. Fourteen-day-old weaned piglets were divided into a control group and experimental groups that were fed L. casei Zhang and infected with E. coli K88 with or without prefeeding and/or postfeeding of L. casei Zhang. The L. casei Zhang dose used was 107 CFU/g diet. Jejunum segments were obtained before histological, immunohistochemical, and western blot analyses were performed. In addition, the relative mRNA expression of toll receptors and cytokines was measured. Piglets fed L. casei Zhang showed significantly increased jejunum villus height, villus height-crypt depth ratio, muscle thickness, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin. The use of L. casei Zhang effectively reduced intestinal inflammation after infection. We found that L. casei Zhang feeding prevented the jejunum damage induced by E. coli K88, suggesting that it may be a potential alternative to antibiotics for preventing diarrhea in early-weaned piglets.

崔致远、张乔送别诗比较研究

Zhang, Junlan 부산대학교 중국연구소 2019 Journal of China Studies Vol.22 No.1

During the process of comparing the farewell poems of Qiao Zhang, the poet during the late Tang dynasty, and Choi Chi-Won, the Silla poet, we can not only see the similarities and differences in farewell poems, but also the traits of the cultural communications between Silla and Tang dynasty. This article has compared the objects, forms and content of the fare poems of the two people. By connecting their social background, they have similarities and unique styles in creating farewell poems. The farewell objects of the farewell poems of Choi Chi-Won and Qiao Zhang are very diverse. By analyzing the identities of Silla people-the objects of Qiao Zhang’s farewell poems, including literati, monks and envoys, the literati, monks and envoys in this period play a very important role in the cultural communication of the two countries. Choi Chi-Won and Qiao Zhang are all good at using allusions during the process of creating farewell poems. Besides, the scope involved in is very broad. From the precise and broad application of allusions, it can be seen that the two people both have high literary attainments and outstanding creation capacity. From the poems, forms, the usage and options of the poems, it can be seen the characteristics of the two people in creating the farewell poems. Qiao Zhang appears more reserved and euphemistic in expressing emotions and Choi Chi-Won is more bold, unconstrained and direct. The forms of the titles of the poem of Qiao Zhang appear more single, most of which are of the five-character verse and pay attention to the natural sequencing of the scenery, in order to render the feeling of separation. The title of the poems of Choi Chi-Won is diverse, most of which are of the seven-character quatrain and are commonly used the ingenious numbers, or empty words and reiterative words.

장애령과 이선희 소설에 나타난 신여성상 비교 연구 -『붉은 장미와 흰 장미』와 『계산서』를 중심으로

장아함 ( Zhang Yahan ) 인천대학교 사회과학연구원 2019 사회과학연구 Vol.12 No.2

In the literature dealing with female images in the patriarchal society of China and Korea, Zhang Ailing and Li Shanxi, two female writers with a similar period background, wrote many works. Zhang focused on a depiction of women and opened a new horizon of female literature, and Li also devoted herself to a portrayal of female images and vividly recreated Korean women's thoughts at that time. This study took Zhang Ailing's “Red Rose and White Rose” and Li Shanxi's “Calculation Book” to conduct a comparative study on the new female image of China and Korea in the 1930s and 1940s, which were influenced by Western culture. Conclusions are as follows. First, a protagonist Wang Jiaorui in Zhang's is a new woman who pursues free love, human rights and equality, and self-consciousness while‘ I’ in Li's are dependent on her husband and cannot be separated from social reality. Second, Zhang has a strong self and an independent attitude while Li identifies with her own subjectivity but feels inseparable from her marriage, family and social life. Third, Chinese new females in the 1930s and 1940s tried to get rid of the feudal ideology and pursued equality and independence while Korean new females also pursued equality and independence but still could not remove the patriarch system.

Static analysis of 2D-FG nonlocal porous tube using gradient strain theory and based on the first and higher-order beam theory

Xiaozhong Zhang,Jian-Feng Li,Yan Cui,Mostafa Habibi,H. Elhosiny Ali,Ibrahim AlBaijan,Tayebeh Mahmoudi 국제구조공학회 2023 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.49 No.3

This article focuses on the study of the buckling behavior of two-dimensional functionally graded (2D-FG) nanosize tubes, including porosity, based on the first shear deformation and higher-order theory of the tube. The nano-scale tube is simulated using the nonlocal gradient strain theory, and the general equations and boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton’s principle for the Zhang-Fu’s tube model (as a higher-order theory) and Timoshenko beam theory. Finally, the derived equations are solved using a numerical method for both simply-supported and clamped boundary conditions. A parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of different parameters, such as axial and radial FG power indices, porosity parameter, and nonlocal gradient strain parameters, on the buckling behavior of the bi-dimensional functionally graded porous tube. Keywords: Nonlocal strain gradient theory; buckling; Zhang-Fu’s tube model; Timoshenko theory; Two-dimensional functionally graded materials; Nanotubes; Higher-order theory.

한국 근해 참조기의 자원평가 및 관리방안

강창익,김수암,윤성봉,ZHANG Chang Ik,KIM Suam,YOON Seong-Bong 한국수산과학회 1992 한국수산과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

한국근해 참조기의 지난 20여년 동안의 어획자료를 사용하여 잉여생산량 모델에 의해 추정된 MSY를 비교하여 보면, Shaefer와 Fox 모델에 의하여 추정된 값들은 각각 37,000mt와 33,450mt였고, Zhang 모델에 의하여 자원량과 순간어획사망계수를 적용시킨 MSY는 45,328mt, 자원량과 어획량 자료를 이용하는 방법에서는 40,160mt로 각각 추정되었다 이 현상은 이 모델들이 각기 독립된 다른 자료를 이용하여 MSY를 추정하였으나, 추정된 값은 거의 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 참조기자원을 가입당생산량 모델에 적용시킨 결과를 사용하여 자원관리 방안을 모색해 보면, 가능한 최대 가입당 생산량이 43g임에 비하여 현재의 $t_c=0.604, F=1.11$에서의 가입당생산량은 약 20g정도에 불과하다 여기서 $t_c$를 현재 상태로 고정시킨 후. 가입당생산량을 높이는 방안을 생각해 보면, F를 현재의 1.11에서 0.4 정도로 낮추어야 하나, 가입당생산량의 큰 증가는 없다. 즉, 현재의 20g에서 25g밖에 증가되지 않는다. 그러나, 현재의 어획강도(F)를 고정시키는 경우에는 $t_c$를 현재의 0.604세에서 3세 부근으로 조정하면 최대의 가입당생산량(43g)을 얻을 수 있고, 이 $t_c$ 값은 역시 $F_{0.1}$, 방법에서 추정된 적정어획체장을 연령으로 환산한 결과와 거의 일치함을 알 수 있다. Zhang모델을 이용한 자원의 회복 방안에서 참조기 자원의 최대생산가능 자원량$(B^*_{MSY})$를 유지시키려면 F를 약 0.5 수준으로 낮추어야 하고. 이 수준에서 약 8년 뒤에는 자원량이 적정 수준에 거의 접근하게 된다.-저층의 경우, 난류성 종인 E. russelli와 E. plana가 출현하며 수온이 $12^{\circ}C$이상인 제주도 서북방 해역이 난류의 영향을 받는 해역으로 나타났으며, 저온성 종인 C. abdominalis가 출현하는 진도 이북 해역이 황해 냉수괴인 것으로 나타났다. 하계 0-20m층의 진도부관 해역 및 20m- 저층의 진도 이북 해역에서 C. abdominalis가 출현하는 것으로 보아 냉수괴가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.H와 온도에 대해서 복상어의 trypsin은 고등어의 두 trypsin보다 알칼리성측과 고온에 대해 안정하였으며, 저해제에 의하여서는 복상어 trypsin이 보다 예민하게 나타났다. 또한 BA-p-NA 합성기질에 대한 친화성에 있어서는 고등어의 두 trypsin이 복상어의 trypsin보다 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 5. 아미노산 조성은 세 효소 모두 비슷하였으나, 고등어 trypsin B의 경우 arginine의 함량이 높은 특징을 보였다. 산성아미노산과 염기성아미노산의 비는 복상어 trypsin이 3.57, 고등어 trypsin A는 3.36, 그리고 고등어 trypsin B는 2.23이었다.에 의하여 저해를 받았으며, 그 저해의 정도는 고등어 trypsin-A와 B가 보다 심하게 받았다. 또 이들 효소들은 antipain, leupeptin, TLCK(to-syllysine chloromethyl ketone) 및 SBTI(soybean trypsin inhibitor)에 의하여 현저한 저해를 받았고, PMSF(phenylmethane sulfonylfluoride), DFP(diisopropyl fluorophosphate) 및 benzamidine에 의하여 어느정도 저해를 보여 모두 serine-계의 Based on surplus production models using fishery data for the last 20 years, a stock assessment was conducted for the small yellow croaker in Korean waters. The maximum sustainable yields (MSY) from the Schaefer and Fox models were estimated to be 37,000 metric tons (mt) and 33,450 mt. Zhang's model using time-series biomass with instantaneous coefficients of fishing mortality (F) and using time-series biomass and catch yielded MSY estimates of 45,328 mt and 40,160 mt, respectively. A yield-per-recruit analysis showed that the current yield per recruit of about 20g with F= 1.11 $yr^{-l}$, where the age at first capture $(t_c)$ is 0.604, was much lower than the maximum possible yield per recruit of 43g. Fixing $t_c$ at the current level and reducing fishing intensity (F) from 1.11 $yr^{-l}$ to 0.4 $yr^{-l}$ yielded only a small increase in predicted yield per recruit, from 20 to 25g. However, estimated yield per recruit increased to 43g by increasing $(t_c)$ from the current age (0.604) to age three with F fixed at the current level. This age at first capture corresponded to the optimal length which was obtained from the $F_{0.1}$ method. According to the analysis of stock recovery strategies employing the Zhang model, the optimum equilibrium biomass $(B^*_{MSY})$ which produces the maximum yield could be achieved after approximately five years at the lower fishing intensity (F=0.5).

Visual Analysis of the Frontiers and Evolution of Research on Play-based Curriculum in Chinese Kindergartens

Zhang,Xinxue(Xinxue Zhang),Park,So Young(So Young Park),Baek,Jongnam(Jongnam Baek) 한국특수교육학회 2023 한국특수교육학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.-

Kindergarten play-based curriculum is a process that regards the play as curriculum contents and make them run through all of curriculum implementation. This research is to regard 448 literatures from journal published in 1995 to 2023 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, www.cnki.net). Through the visual analysis of kindergarten play-based curriculum research literature through ‘Information Visualization-CiteSpace’, it is possible to grasp the research status, research hotspots and research trend in this field. The research result shows that between researchers are short of academic exchange and cooperation and the way of research is mainly quantitative research but qualitative research is not enough. Actually, the hot points of research are paid attention to these fields: kindergarten, folk play, play, kindergarten play-based curriculum and play spirit. The trends of research are as follows in these fields: play, folk play, playfication, integrated curriculum and curriculum reform and so on. Current study analyses the evolution process of kindergarten play-based curriculum and the hot point and trend of future development, also provide more intuitive and complete data for the later research.

Analysis of the Effects of Al on the Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Behavior of Ferritic Heat-Resistant Stainless Steels

Yingbo Zhang,Dening Zou,Xiaoqiao Wang,Fengshe Xia,Yong Wang,Wei Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The effect of Al content on the microstructure and ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of 18Cr–Al–Si ferritic heatresistantstainless steel have been studied by Charpy impact testing over temperatures ranging from 20 to 90 ℃. Charpy impacttest results show that DBTT increased with increasing Al content. Meanwhile, fracture morphology changed with increasingAl content, where the amount of dimples decreased and cleavage facets increased, indicating increases in the tendency forbrittle fracture. Furthermore, ferrite grain size, volume fraction and size of (Cr, Fe)23C6 carbides increased with increasingAl content, which led to decreasing toughness and increasing DBTT.

A New Probe into the Teaching of Listening for Chinese as a Foreign Language.

Zhang,Tingting 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2018 국제문화연구 Vol.11 No.1

News listening course is an essential course in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. However, due to the influence of mother tongue, the differences between classroom and real language and the influence of cultural factors, students are learning a lot and often lose confidence. By the results of the questionnaire survey, this paper puts forward some methods for the teaching content and means of the news listening class and proposes to establish a news listening corpus. It is hoped that these measures can help learners to master the news information quickly, improve their listening ability, develop their understanding of Chinese culture, and understand the problems of contemporary society.

A Comparative Study of Compliment Responses between Chinese and Korean EFL Learners

Zhang, In-Jun 부산외국어대학교 외국어연구소 2021 외국어연구 Vol.34 No.-

This study focused on investigating the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean L2 learners shows that there’s no universal pattern that can be used to describe the two groups’ CRs. Both the two groups response to compliments in the following preference sequence, Accept, Evade and Reject. As for micro levels, Chinese L2 learners made more use of Accept strategies while Korean L2 learners used Evade more. Due to different second language acquisition methods, Chinese L2 learners showed to have a more direct attitude towards accepting compliments. However, there are still some limitations in this study. First, the sample of participants is a little bit small. Based on Tang and Zhang’s study (2009), there are people who prefer to use Reject. However, in this study, there were no Reject responses among all the Chinese L2 learners’ replies. This, to some degree, may influence the results and comparative analyses of the two groups. Second, before the DCT, the background survey asked the participants whether they had experiences of being in English speaking countries and why they came there. However, this variable is not analyzed in the study. Since there is no standard criterion for personal experience, it’s difficult to know how much personal experience will influence participants’ expressions. Finally, although the DCT is designed as short as possible, it’s undeniable that it still takes participants some time to finish it. Whether the participant expresses all he/she wants to or not is hard to know and this is also a possible variable that has influences on the experimental data. Further research on the CRs of Chinese L2 learners and Korean L2 learners needs a more sophisticated and accurate experiment design and I hope this study, though imperfect, can be of some help to relevant research. Key words: EFL. compliment response, speech act

Sexual Politics and Female Sexuality in Gish Jen’s Typical American

Zhang,Yanjun 중앙대학교 영미언어와문화연구소 2011 영미언어와문화 Vol.2 No.1

In Typical American(1991), Jen tells the stories of Ralph Chang and his intellectual family aspiring to make it into America’s middle and upper classes in the 1950s. She portrays women as resistant to sexism at home and in society. In this paper, I address the stories of women, namely, Helen, Ralph’s wife, and, Theresa, his elder sister, pertaining to their relationship with men in striving for their American dreams of individual freedom and autonomy. I argue that through the conflicts between men and women, Jen presents a tension between the self and family, which symbolizes the tension between her birth cultural value of family unity and her adopted cultural value of individual freedom. Calling for bridging the two cultures, Jen conveys that those who ignore one culture or the other are doomed.