The TOP-SCOPE Survey of <i>Planck</i> Galactic Cold Clumps: Survey Overview and Results of an Exemplar Source, PGCC G26.53+0.17

Liu, Tie,Kim, Kee-Tae,Juvela, Mika,Wang, Ke,Tatematsu, Ken’ichi,Francesco, James Di,Liu, Sheng-Yuan,Wu, Yuefang,Thompson, Mark,Fuller, Gary,Eden, David,Li, Di,Ristorcelli, I.,Kang, Sung-ju,Lin, Yuxin Published by the University of Chicago Press for t 2018 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.234 No.2

<P>The low dust temperatures (< 14 K) of Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) make them ideal targets to probe the initial conditions and very early phase of star formation. 'TOP-SCOPE' is a joint survey program targeting similar to 2000 PGCCs in J = 1-0 transitions of CO isotopologues and similar to 1000 PGCCs in 850 mu m continuum emission. The objective of the 'TOP-SCOPE' survey and the joint surveys (SMT 10 m, KVN 21 m, and NRO 45 m) is to statistically study the initial conditions occurring during star formation and the evolution of molecular clouds, across a wide range of environments. The observations, data analysis, and example science cases for these surveys are introduced with an exemplar source, PGCC G26.53+0.17 (G26), which is a filamentary infrared dark cloud (IRDC). The total mass, length, and mean line mass (M/L) of the G26 filament are similar to 6200 M-circle dot, similar to 12 pc, and similar to 500 M-circle dot pc(-1), respectively. Ten massive clumps, including eight starless ones, are found along the filament. The most massive clump as a whole may still be in global collapse, while its denser part seems to be undergoing expansion owing to outflow feedback. The fragmentation in the G26 filament from cloud scale to clump scale is in agreement with gravitational fragmentation of an isothermal, nonmagnetized, and turbulent supported cylinder. A bimodal behavior in dust emissivity spectral index (beta) distribution is found in G26, suggesting grain growth along the filament. The G26 filament may be formed owing to large-scale compression flows evidenced by the temperature and velocity gradients across its natal cloud.</P>

Compressed Magnetic Field in the Magnetically Regulated Global Collapsing Clump of G9.62+0.19

Liu, Tie,Kim, Kee-Tae,Liu, Sheng-Yuan,Juvela, Mika,Zhang, Qizhou,Wu, Yuefang,Li, Pak Shing,Parsons, Harriet,Soam, Archana,Goldsmith, Paul F.,Su, Yu-Nung,Tatematsu, Ken’ichi,Qin, Sheng-Li,Garay, Guido American Astronomical Society 2018 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.869 No.1

C₂H <i>N</i> = 1 − 0 and N₂H⁺<i>J</i> = 1 − 0 observations of <i>Planck</i> Galactic cold clumps

Liu, X.-C.,Wu, Y.,Zhang, C.,Liu, T.,Yuan, J.,Qin, S.-L.,Ju, B.-G.,Li, L.-X. EDP Sciences 2019 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.622 No.-

<P>A survey of C2H <I>N</I> = 1 − 0 and N2H<SUP>+</SUP><I>J</I> = 1 − 0 toward <I>Planck</I> Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) was performed using the Purple Mountain Observatory’s 13.7 m telescope. C2H and N2H<SUP>+</SUP> were chosen to study the chemical evolutionary states of PGCCs. Among 121 observed molecular cores associated with PGCCs, 71 and 58 are detected with C2H <I>N</I> = 1 − 0 and N2H<SUP>+</SUP><I>J</I> = 1 − 0, respectively. The detected lines of most sources can be fitted with a single component with compatible <I>V</I>LSR and line widths, which confirms that these PGCC cores are very cold (with gas temperatures 9-21 K) and quiescent while still dominanted by turbulence. The ratio between the column densities of C2H and N2H<SUP>+</SUP> (<I>N</I>(C2H)/<I>N</I>(N2H<SUP>+</SUP>)) is found to be a good tracer for the evolutionary states of PGCC cores. Gas-grain chemical model can reproduce the decreasing trend of <I>N</I>(C2H)/<I>N</I>(N2H<SUP>+</SUP>) as a function of time. The cores with the lowest abundances of N2H<SUP>+</SUP> (<I>X</I>[N2H<SUP>+</SUP>] < 10<SUP>−10</SUP>) are the youngest, and have nearly constant abundances of C2H. In evolved cores with <I>X</I>[N2H<SUP>+</SUP>] ~10<SUP>−9</SUP>, abundances of C2H drop quickly as the exhaustion of carbon atoms. Although these PGCC cores are in different evolutionary states, they are all quite young (< 5 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> yr) with <I>N</I>(C2H) > <I>N</I>(N2H<SUP>+</SUP>). Mapping observations are carried out toward 20 PGCC cores. The PGCC cores in Cepheus have lower <I>N</I>(C2H)/<I>N</I>(N2H<SUP>+</SUP>) and larger line widths compared with those in Taurus. This implies that PGCC cores in Taurus are less chemically evolved than those in Cepheus.</P>

Semaphoring mAb: a New Guide in RIT in Inhibiting the Proliferation of Human Skin Carcinoma

Liu, Yuan,Ma, Jing-Yue,Luo, Su-Ju,Sun, Chen-Wei,Shao, Li-Li,Liu, Quan-Zhong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Semaphoring is a transmembrane receptor which participates in many cytokine-mediated signal pathways that are closely related to the angiogenesis, occurrence and development of carcinoma. The present study was designed to access the effect of mono-antibody (mAb) guided radioimmunotherapy (RIT) on skin carcinoma and investigate the potential mechanisms. Semaphoring mAb was acquired from mice (Balb/c), purified with rProtein A column; purity, concentration and activity were tested with SDS-PAGE and indirect ELISA; specificity and expression on the cutanuem carcinoma line and tissue were tested by Western blotting; morphology change was assessed by microscopy. MTT assay and colony inhibition tests were carried out to test the influence on the proliferation of tumor cells; Western blotting was also carried out for expression of apoptosis-associated (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) and proliferation-related (PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2) proteins and analyse the change in signal pathways (PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK). The purity of purified semaphorin mAb was 96.5% and the titer is about $1{\times}10^6$. Western blotting showed semaphoring mAb to have specifically binding stripes with semaphoring b1b2 protein, B16F10, and A431 cells at 39KDa, 100KDa and 130KDa, respectively. Positive expression was detected both in cutanuem carcinoma line and tissue and it mostly located in cell membranes. MMT assay revealed dose-relate and time-relate inhibitory effect of semaphorin mAb on A431 and B16F10. Colony inhibition tests also showed dose-relate inhibitory effects. Western blotting demonstrated the expression of apoptosis and proliferation-related protein and changes in signal pathway. In conclusion, we demonstrated that semaphorin is highly expressed on the tumor cell-surfaces and RIT with semaphorin mAb has effect in i nhibiting proliferation and accelerating apoptosis of tumor cells.

A Novel Sensor Based on Electropolymerization Poly(safranine) Film Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of 4-Nitrophenol

Liu, Xing-Yuan Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.5

A novel poly(safranine)-modified electrode has been constructed for the determination of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in natural water sample. The electrochemical behavior of poly(safranine) film electrode and its electrocatalytic activity toward 4-NP were studied in detail by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and adsorptive linear stripping voltammetry (LSV). All experimental parameters were optimized and LSV was proposed for its determination. In optimal working conditions, the reduction current of 4-NP at this poly(safranine)-modified electrode exhibited a good linear relationship with 4-NP concentration in the range of $8.0{\times}10^{-8}$ to $4.0{\times}10^{-5}mol\;L^{-1}$. The detection limit was $3.0{\times}10^{-8}mol\;L^{-1}$. The high sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor were demonstrated by its practical application for the determination of trace amounts of 4-NP in natural water and fruit samples.

Research on the Discrimination of Hatching Eggs Activity Based on Thermal Imaging : A Food Nondestructive Testing Practice

Liu Hai-ling,Cai Jian-rong,Sun Li,Yuan Lei-ming,Liu Meng-lei 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.2

The hatching eggs in 4-16 days incubation were from incubator of 38.5℃ to 22℃ for natural cooling and the time series images were acquired by thermal imaging technology. Analyzing the cooling curve and the cooling area and region growing, ellipse fitting, morphological processing and other methods were used to extract eggs region of interest; time series images superposition and contrast enhancement were used to raise the temperature close to the different categories of eggs gray differences; the ratio of gray value≦150 and entire ROI area was seen as characteristic parameters and the decision threshold was set according to minimum error rate Bayes rule. The non-fertilized eggs in incubating 4 days was 89.6% overall recognition and the dead embryo eggs in incubating 16 days was 96.3% overall recognition. Research showed that thermal imaging technology combined image processing technology can achieve non-destructive testing of hatching eggs activity.

Centromere protein U enhances the progression of bladder cancer by promoting mitochondrial ribosomal protein s28 expression

Liu, Bei-Bei,Ma, Tao,Sun, Wei,Gao, Wu-Yue,Liu, Jian-Min,Li, Li-Qiang,Li, Wen-Yong,Wang, Sheng,Guo, Yuan-Yuan The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2021 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.25 No.2

Bladder cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Most gene mutations related to bladder cancer are dominantly acquired gene mutations and are not inherited. Previous comparative transcriptome analysis of urinary bladder cancer and control samples has revealed a set of genes that may play a role in tumor progression. Here we set out to investigate further the expression of two candidate genes, centromere protein U (CENPU) and mitochondrial ribosomal protein s28 (MRPS28) to better understand their role in bladder cancer pathogenesis. Our results confirmed that CENPU is up-regulated in human bladder cancer tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in T24 human urinary bladder cancer cell line revealed a hierarchical relationship between CENPU and MRPS28 in the regulation of cell viability, migration and invasion activity. CENPU expression was also up-regulated in in vivo nude mice xenograft model of bladder cancer and mice overexpressing CENPU had significantly higher tumor volume. In summary, our findings identify CENPU and MRPS28 in the molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer and suggest that CENPU enhances the progression of bladder cancer by promoting MRPS28 expression.

STAR FORMATION LAWS IN BOTH GALACTIC MASSIVE CLUMPS AND EXTERNAL GALAXIES: EXTENSIVE STUDY WITH DUST CONINUUM, HCN (4-3), AND CS (7-6)

Liu, Tie,Kim, Kee-Tae,Yoo, Hyunju,Liu, Sheng-yuan,Tatematsu, Ken’ichi,Qin, Sheng-Li,Zhang, Qizhou,Wu, Yuefang,Wang, Ke,Goldsmith, Paul F.,Juvela, Mika,Lee, Jeong-Eun,Tó,th, L. Viktor,Mardones, D American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.829 No.2

<P>We observed 146 Galactic clumps in HCN (4-3) and CS (7-6) with the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment 10 m telescope. A tight linear relationship between star formation rate and gas mass traced by dust continuum emission was found for both Galactic clumps and the high redshift (z > 1) star forming galaxies (SFGs), indicating a constant gas depletion time of similar to 100 Myr for molecular gas in both Galactic clumps and high z SFGs. However, low z galaxies do not follow this relation and seem to have a longer global gas depletion time. The correlations between total infrared luminosities (L-TIR) and molecular line luminosities (L-mol') of HCN (4-3) and CS (7-6) are tight and sublinear extending down to clumps with L-TIR similar to 10(3) L-circle dot. These correlations become linear when extended to external galaxies. A bimodal behavior in the L-TIR-L-mol' correlations was found for clumps with different dust temperature, luminosity-to-mass ratio, and sigma(line)/sigma(vir). Such bimodal behavior may be due to evolutionary effects. The slopes of L-TIR-L-mol' correlations become more shallow as clumps evolve. We compared our results with lower J transition lines in Wu et al. (2010). The correlations between clump masses and line luminosities are close to linear for low effective excitation density tracers but become sublinear for high effective excitation density tracers for clumps with L-TIR larger than L-TIR similar to 10(4.5) L-circle dot. High effective excitation density tracers cannot linearly trace the total clump masses, leading to a sublinear correlations for both M-clump-L-mol' and L-TIR-L-mol' relations.</P>

DENSE GAS IN MOLECULAR CORES ASSOCIATED WITH<i>PLANCK</i>GALACTIC COLD CLUMPS

Yuan (袁敬华,), Jinghua,Wu, Yuefang,Liu, Tie,Zhang, Tianwei,Li, Jin Zeng,Liu, Hong-Li,Meng, Fanyi,Chen, Ping,Hu, Runjie,Wang, Ke American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.820 No.1

<P>We present the first survey of dense gas toward Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCCs). Observations in the J = 1-0 transitions of HCO+ and HCN toward 621 molecular cores associated with PGCCs were performed using the Purple Mountain Observatory's 13.7 m telescope. Among them, 250 sources were detected, including 230 cores detected in HCO+. and 158 in HCN. Spectra of the J = 1-0 transitions from (CO)-C-12, (CO)-C-13, and (CO)-O-18 at the centers of the 250 cores were extracted from previous mapping observations to construct a multi-line data set. The significantly low detection rate of asymmetric double-peaked profiles, together with the good consistency among central velocities of CO, HCO+, and HCN spectra, suggests that the CO-selected Planck cores are more quiescent than classical star-forming regions. The small difference between line widths of (CO)-O-18. and HCN indicates that the inner regions of CO-selected Planck cores are no more turbulent than the exterior. The velocity-integrated intensities and abundances of HCO+ are positively correlated with those of HCN, suggesting that these two species are well coupled and chemically connected. The detected abundances of both HCO+ and HCN are significantly lower than values in other low- to high-mass star-forming regions. The low abundances may be due to beam dilution. On the basis of an inspection of the parameters given in the PGCC catalog, we suggest that there may be about 1000 PGCC objects that have a sufficient reservoir of dense gas to form stars.</P>

Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promote Diabetic Wound Healing via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-HIF-1α Signaling Pathway

Liu Wenjian,Yuan Yu,Liu Dewu 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.6

Background: Impaired potential of hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis lead poor healing of diabetic wounds. Previous studies have shown that extracellular vesicles from adipose derived stem cells (ADSC-EVs) accelerate wound healing with unelucidated mechanism. However, it is not yet clear about the underlying mechanism of ADSC-EVs in regulating the hypoxia-related PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway of vascular endothelial cells in diabetic wounds. Therefore, in this study, human derived ADSC-EVs (hADSC-EVs) isolated from adipose tissue were co-cultured with advanced glycosylation end product (AGE) treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and local injected into the wounds of diabetic rats. Methods: In vitro, the therapeutic potential of hADSC-EVs on AGE-treated HUVECs was evaluated by cell counting kit-8, scratching, and tube formation assay. Subsequently, the effects of hADSC-EVs on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway were also assayed by qRT-PCR and western blot. In vivo, the effect of hADSC-EVs on diabetic wound healing in rats were also assayed by closure kinetics, Masson staining and HIF-1α-CD31 immunofluorescence. Results: hADSC-EVs were spherical in shape with an average particle size of 198.1 ± 91.5 nm, and were positive for CD63, CD9 and TSG101. hADSC-EVs promoted the expression of PI3K-AKT-mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway of AGEs treated HUVECs with improved the potential of proliferation, migration and tube formation, and improve the healing and angiogenesis of diabetic wound in rats. However, the effect of hADSC-EVs described above can be blocked by PI3K-AKT inhibitor both in vitro and vivo. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that hADSC-EVs accolated the healing of diabetic wounds by promoting HIF-1α-mediated angiogenesis in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR depend manner. Background: Impaired potential of hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis lead poor healing of diabetic wounds. Previous studies have shown that extracellular vesicles from adipose derived stem cells (ADSC-EVs) accelerate wound healing with unelucidated mechanism. However, it is not yet clear about the underlying mechanism of ADSC-EVs in regulating the hypoxia-related PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway of vascular endothelial cells in diabetic wounds. Therefore, in this study, human derived ADSC-EVs (hADSC-EVs) isolated from adipose tissue were co-cultured with advanced glycosylation end product (AGE) treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and local injected into the wounds of diabetic rats. Methods: In vitro, the therapeutic potential of hADSC-EVs on AGE-treated HUVECs was evaluated by cell counting kit-8, scratching, and tube formation assay. Subsequently, the effects of hADSC-EVs on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway were also assayed by qRT-PCR and western blot. In vivo, the effect of hADSC-EVs on diabetic wound healing in rats were also assayed by closure kinetics, Masson staining and HIF-1α-CD31 immunofluorescence. Results: hADSC-EVs were spherical in shape with an average particle size of 198.1 ± 91.5 nm, and were positive for CD63, CD9 and TSG101. hADSC-EVs promoted the expression of PI3K-AKT-mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway of AGEs treated HUVECs with improved the potential of proliferation, migration and tube formation, and improve the healing and angiogenesis of diabetic wound in rats. However, the effect of hADSC-EVs described above can be blocked by PI3K-AKT inhibitor both in vitro and vivo. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that hADSC-EVs accolated the healing of diabetic wounds by promoting HIF-1α-mediated angiogenesis in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR depend manner.