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Sleep EEG Characteristics in Young and Elderly Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Yu-Jin Lee,Jong Won Kim,Yu-Jin G. Lee,Do-Un Jeong 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.2
ObjectiveaaIn the present study, it was hypothesized that the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics of young (<30 yrs) and elderly (>55 yrs) OSAS patients would differ. MethodsaaWe analyzed 76 sleep EEG recordings from OSAS patients (young group: n=40, mean age: 24.3±4.9 yrs; elderly group: n=36, mean age: 59.1±4.9 yrs), which were obtained during nocturnal polysomnography. The recordings were assessed via spectral analysis in the delta (0.5–4.5 Hz), theta (4.5–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (12–32 Hz), slow sigma (11–13 Hz), and fast sigma (13–17 Hz) frequency bands. ResultsaaApnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) and sleep efficiency (%) did not differ significantly between the two groups (19.8±14.4 vs. 25.9±16.0, p=0.085; 84.4±12.6 vs. 80.9±11.0, p=0.198, respectively). After adjusting for gender, the slow/fast sigma ratio was not significantly correlated with AHI in the elderly group (r=-0.047, p=0.790) but AHI was inversely correlated with the slow/fast sigma ratio in the young group (r=-0.423, p=0.007). A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that a higher AHI was related with a lower slow/fast sigma ratio in the young group (β=-0.392, p=0.028) but not the elderly. ConclusionaaIn the present study, sleep EEG activity differed between young and elderly OSAS patients. The slow/fast sigma ratio was associated with OSAS severity only in young patients, suggesting that young OSAS patients may have a distinctive brain plasticity compared with elderly patients.
Polymer Thin Film–Induced Tumor Spheroids Acquire Cancer Stem Cell–like Properties
Choi, Minsuk,Yu, Seung J.,Choi, Yoonjung,Lee, Hak R.,Lee, Eunbeol,Lee, Eunjung,Lee, Yumi,Song, Junhyuk,Son, Jin G.,Lee, Tae G.,Kim, Jin Y.,Kang, Sukmo,Baek, Jieung,Lee, Daeyoup,Im, Sung G.,Jon, Sangyo American Association for Cancer Research 2018 Cancer Research Vol.78 No.24
<P>A new cell culture technology enables highly tumorigenic 3D spheroids to be easily generated from various cancer cell sources in the common laboratory.</P><P><B></B></P><P>Although cancer stem cells (CSC) are thought to be responsible for tumor recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, CSC-related research and drug development have been hampered by the limited supply of diverse, patient-derived CSC. Here, we present a functional polymer thin film (PTF) platform that promotes conversion of cancer cells to highly tumorigenic three-dimensional (3D) spheroids without the use of biochemical or genetic manipulations. Culturing various human cancer cells on the specific PTF, poly(2,4,6,8-tetravinyl-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl cyclotetrasiloxane) (pV4D4), gave rise to numerous multicellular tumor spheroids within 24 hours with high efficiency and reproducibility. Cancer cells in the resulting spheroids showed a significant increase in the expression of CSC-associated genes and acquired increased drug resistance compared with two-dimensional monolayer-cultured controls. These spheroids also exhibited enhanced xenograft tumor-forming ability and metastatic capacity in nude mice. By enabling the generation of tumorigenic spheroids from diverse cancer cells, the surface platform described here harbors the potential to contribute to CSC-related basic research and drug development.</P><P><B>Significance:</B></P><P>A new cell culture technology enables highly tumorigenic 3D spheroids to be easily generated from various cancer cell sources in the common laboratory.</P>
Unconstrained Sleep Apnea Monitoring Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride Film-Based Sensor
Hwang, Su Hwan,Lee, Hong Ji,Yoon, Hee Nam,Jung, Da Woon,Lee, Yu-Jin G.,Lee, Yu Jin,Jeong, Do-Un,Park, Kwang Suk IEEE 2014 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Vol.61 No.7
<P>We established and tested an unconstrained sleep apnea monitoring method using a polyvinylidene (PVDF) film-based sensor for continuous and accurate monitoring of apneic events occurred during sleep. Twenty-six sleep apnea patients and six normal subjects participated in this study. Subjects' respiratory signals were measured using the PVDF-based sensor during polysomnography. The PVDF sensor comprised a 4 × 1 array, and a thin silicon pad was placed over the sensor to prevent damage. Total thickness of the merged system was approximately 1.1 mm which was thin enough to prevent the subject from being consciously aware of its presence. It was designed to be placed under subjects' backs and installed between a bed cover and mattress. The proposed method was based on the standard deviation of the PVDF signals, and it was applied to a test set for detecting apneic events. The method's performance was assessed by comparing the results with a sleep physician's manual scoring. The correlation coefficient for the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values between the methods was 0.94 (p <; 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating curves at three AHI threshold levels (>5, >15, and >20) for sleep apnea diagnosis were 0.98, 0.99, and 0.98, respectively. For min-by-min apnea detection, the method classified sleep apnea with an average sensitivity of 72.9%, specificity of 90.6%, accuracy of 85.5%, and kappa statistic of 0.60. The developed system and method can be applied to sleep apnea detection in home or ambulatory monitoring.</P>
Lee, Juhan,Park, Borae G.,Jeong, Hyang Sook,Park, Youn Hee,Kim, Sinyoung,Kim, Beom Seok,Kim, Hye Jin,Huh, Kyu Ha,Jeong, Hyeon Joo,Kim, Yu Seun Williams & Wilkins Co 2017 Medicine Vol.96 No.39
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Rationale:</B></P><P>Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the major immunologic barrier in kidney transplantation (KT). Various desensitization protocols to overcome the HLA barrier have increased the opportunity for transplantation in sensitized patients. In addition, technological advances in solid-phase assays have permitted more comprehensive assessment of donor-specific antibodies. Although various desensitization therapies and immunologic techniques have been developed, the final transplantation decision is still based on the classic complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) crossmatch (XM) technique. Some patients who fail to achieve negative XM have lost their transplant opportunities, even after receiving sufficient desensitization therapies.</P><P><B>Patient concerns:</B></P><P>A 57-year-old male with end-stage renal disease secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis was scheduled to have a second transplant from his son, but CDC XM was positive.</P><P><B>Diagnoses:</B></P><P>Initial CDC XM (Initial T-AHG 1:32) and flow-cytometry XM were positive. Anti-HLA-B59 donor specific antibody was detected by Luminex single antigen assay.</P><P><B>Interventions:</B></P><P>Herein, we report a successful case of KT across a positive CDC XM (T-AHG 1:8 at the time of transplantation) by using C1q assay-directed, bortezomib-assisted desensitization. After confirming a negative conversion in the C1q donor-specific antibody, we decided to perform KT accepting a positive AHG-CDC XM of 1:8 at the time of transplantation.</P><P><B>Outcomes:</B></P><P>The posttransplant course was uneventful and a protocol biopsy at 3 months showed no evidence of rejection. The patient had excellent graft function at 12 months posttransplant.</P><P><B>Lessons:</B></P><P>The results of XM test and solid-phase assay should be interpreted in the context of the individual patient.</P>
The Superior Dispersion of Easily Soluble Graphite
Lee, Jong Hak,Shin, Dong Wook,Makotchenko, Victor G.,Nazarov, Albert S.,Fedorov, Vladimir E.,Yoo, Jin Hyoung,Yu, Seong Man,Choi, Jae-Young,Kim, Jong Min,Yoo, Ji-Beom WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Small Vol.6 No.1
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Easily soluble expanded graphite (ESEG) is synthesized by one-step exfoliation process using a fluorinated graphite intercalation compound (see image). Due to the severe expansion state, the ESEG obtained is sufficiently dispersed in aqueous solutions using an ordinary surfactant (SDS and SDBS) and in various organic solvents such as NMP, DMAc, DEG, toluene, DMF, and DCM. <img src='wiley_img/16136810-2010-6-1-SMLL200901556-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/16136810-2010-6-1-SMLL200901556-content'> </P>
KIM, JIN C,KIM, HEE C,LEE, KANG H,YU, CHANG S,KIM, TAE W,CHANG, HEUNG M,RYU, MIN H,KIM, JONG H,HA, HYUN K,LEE, MOON G Blackwell Publishing Asia 2006 Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Vol.21 No.6
<P>Abstract</P><P>Background and Aim: </P><P>Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy has a number of limitations, including a low rate of complete response and frequent extrahepatic recurrence, in colorectal cancer patients with non-resectable hepatic metastases.</P><P>Methods: </P><P>Twenty-nine colorectal cancer patients with non-resectable hepatic metastases were consecutively enrolled for HAI alternating with systemic chemotherapy (HA + SC group). The protocol comprised six cycles of alternating HAI (5-FU + leucovorin for 14 days, and mitomycin C on the first day) and systemic chemotherapy (5-FU + leucovorin). Colorectal cancer patients with two or more hepatic metastases treated using hepatic resection and systemic chemotherapy (HR + SC group) were selected as a comparative group.</P><P>Results: </P><P>Within the HA + SC group, complete response was achieved in eight patients (28%), whereas 13 patients (45%) showed progressive disease. Six of the eight patients with complete response lived for more than 38 months. Extrahepatic recurrences were more frequent in the HR + SC group than the HA + SC group (47 <I>vs</I> 21%, <I>P</I> = 0.024). The two groups did not differ with respect to overall and hepatic progression-free survival (<I>P</I> = 0.947 and 0.444, respectively), displaying median ± SE values of 38 ± 7 and 20 ± 3 months in the HA + SC group, and 39 ± 9 and 33 ± 14 months in the HR + SC group, respectively. One patient in each group experienced toxic hepatitis, and sclerosing cholangitis occurred in one patient of the HA + SC group. Other complications were mostly grade 1 or 2.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>HAI alternating with systemic chemotherapy led to a promising response and hepatic progression-free survival, possibly reducing extrahepatic recurrence in colorectal cancer patients with non-resectable liver metastases.</P>