Enhancement of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 Biomass Production and Lipid Accumulation Using Iron in Artificial Wastewater and Domestic Secondary Effluent

Zhao, Wen-Yu,Yu, Jun-Yi,Wu, Yin-Hu,Hong, Yu,Hu, Hong-Ying The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2014 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.42 No.2

While coupling wastewater treatment with microalgal bioenergy production is very promising, new approaches are needed to enhance microalgal growth and lipid accumulation in wastewater. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of iron on the growth, nutrient removal, and lipid accumulation of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 in both artificial wastewater and domestic secondary effluents. When increasing the iron concentration from 0 to 2 mg/l in the artificial wastewater, the biomass production of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 increased from 0.17 to 0.54 g/l; the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency increased from 15.7% and 80.6% to 97.0% and 99.2%, respectively; and the lipid content was enhanced 84.2%. The relationship between the carrying capacity/maximal population growth rate of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 and the initial iron concentration were also in accordance with the Monod model. Furthermore, when increasing the iron concentration to 2 mg/l in four different domestic secondary effluent samples, the lipid content and lipid production of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 was improved by 17.4-33.7% and 21.5-41.8%, respectively.

A Prediction Model Based on the Risk Factors Associated with Pathological Upgrading in Patients with Early-Stage Gastric Neoplasms Diagnosed by Endoscopic Forceps Biopsy

Zhao Yu Han,Zheng Yu,Sha Jie,Hua Hong Jin,Li Ke Dong,Lu Yu,Dang Yi Ni,Zhang Guo Xin 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.1

Background/Aims: The discrepancies between the diagnosis of preoperative endoscopic forceps biopsy (EFB) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with early gastric neoplasm (EGN) exist objectively. Among them, pathological upgrading directly influences the accuracy and appropriateness of clinical decisions. The aims of this study were to investigate the risk factors for the discrepancies, with a particular focus on pathological upgrading and to establish a prediction model for estimating the risk of pathological upgrading after EFB. Methods: We retrospectively collected the records of 978 patients who underwent ESD from December 1, 2017 to July 31, 2021 and who had a final histopathology determination of EGN. A nomogram to predict the risk of pathological upgrading was constructed after analyzing subgroup differences among the 901 lesions enrolled. Results: The ratio of pathological upgrading was 510 of 953 (53.5%). Clinical, laboratorial and endoscopic characteristics were analyzed using univariable and binary multivariable logistic regression analyses. A nomogram was constructed by including age, history of chronic atrophic gastritis, symptoms of digestive system, blood high density lipoprotein concentration, macroscopic type, pathological diagnosis of EFB, uneven surface, remarkable redness, and lesion size. The C-statistics were 0.804 (95% confidence interval, 0.774 to 0.834) and 0.748 (95% confidence interval, 0.664 to 0.832) in the training and validation set, respectively. We also built an online webserver based on the proposed nomogram for convenient clinical use. Conclusions: The clinical value of identifying the preoperative diagnosis of EGN lesions is limited when using EFB separately. We have developed a nomogram that can predict the probability of pathological upgrading with good calibration and discrimination value.

Transcriptional activation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 by 17β-estradiol in SaOS-2 cells

Yu-yan Zhao,Lei Guo,Xiao-juan Zhao,Hong Liu,Tian Lei,Dong-jie Ma,Xiao-yu Gao 생화학분자생물학회 2009 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.41 No.7

Osteoblasts can synthesize the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which may either enhance or attenuate IGF-stimulated bone cell proliferation. Since estrogen induced osteoblastic differentiation and proliferation through an estrogen- responsive gene in target cells, we investigated the effects of estrogen on IGFBP-6 expression in the human osteoblastic-like cell line SaOS-2. Expressions of IGFBP-6 protein and mRNA increased 2.8 and 2-fold, respectively, in the presence of 17-β-estradiol (E2) (0.01 to 1 μM) and estrogen receptor (ER) in SaOS-2 cells. On the other hand, E2 induced a 2-fold increase in SaOS-2 cell proliferation. To identify genomic sequences associated with estrogen responsiveness, the 5'-promoter region (-44 to +118) of the IGFBP-6 gene was cloned into a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter vector. E2 induced a 3-fold increase in CAT activity in SaOS-2 cells transiently transfected with this construct. Identification of the estrogen- responsive element (ERE) [5'-CCTTCA CCTG-3'] (-9 to +1) in this IGFBP-6 gene promoter region was confirmed using electromobility shift assays and deletion analysis. This functional ERE was important for E2-induced trans-activation of the IGFBP-6 gene. These results demonstrate that E2 exhibits a positive effect on IGFBP-6 gene transcription through estrogen- liganded ER binding to the functional ERE in the IGFBP-6 gene promoter in SaOS-2 cells. Osteoblasts can synthesize the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which may either enhance or attenuate IGF-stimulated bone cell proliferation. Since estrogen induced osteoblastic differentiation and proliferation through an estrogen- responsive gene in target cells, we investigated the effects of estrogen on IGFBP-6 expression in the human osteoblastic-like cell line SaOS-2. Expressions of IGFBP-6 protein and mRNA increased 2.8 and 2-fold, respectively, in the presence of 17-β-estradiol (E2) (0.01 to 1 μM) and estrogen receptor (ER) in SaOS-2 cells. On the other hand, E2 induced a 2-fold increase in SaOS-2 cell proliferation. To identify genomic sequences associated with estrogen responsiveness, the 5'-promoter region (-44 to +118) of the IGFBP-6 gene was cloned into a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter vector. E2 induced a 3-fold increase in CAT activity in SaOS-2 cells transiently transfected with this construct. Identification of the estrogen- responsive element (ERE) [5'-CCTTCA CCTG-3'] (-9 to +1) in this IGFBP-6 gene promoter region was confirmed using electromobility shift assays and deletion analysis. This functional ERE was important for E2-induced trans-activation of the IGFBP-6 gene. These results demonstrate that E2 exhibits a positive effect on IGFBP-6 gene transcription through estrogen- liganded ER binding to the functional ERE in the IGFBP-6 gene promoter in SaOS-2 cells.

Effect of Prior Microstructures on Cementite Dissolution Behavior During Subcritical Annealing of High Carbon Steels

Xiao‑Yu Zhao,Xian‑Ming Zhao,Chun‑Yu Dong,Yang Yang,Huai‑Bin Han 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.6

The variation of the morphology and distribution of cementite particles in different prior structures with spheroidizingannealing process has been proceeded in this paper. It is found that the dissolution and coarsening progresses of variousinitial structures in spheroidizing annealing process are quite asynchronous due to the different interlamellar spacing. Thedissolution rate of degenerated pearlite (D-P) with finer interlamellar spacing is faster. The granular cementite in the spheroidizedmicrostructure is fine, uniform and dense. The mean diameter of spherical cementite is refined to 233 nm. However,the initial structure of degenerated pearlite (D-P) is highly sensitive to the austenitization temperature. The cementite iseasy to be coarsened under high austenitizing temperature. The coarsening is accompanied by the gradual increase of theCr content in the cementite, which increases the stability of the cementite. Therefore, the optimal austenitizing temperaturefor degenerated pearlite (D-P) is suggested to be 770 °C.

Enhancement of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 Biomass Production and Lipid Accumulation Using Iron in Artificial Wastewater and Domestic Secondary Effluent

( Wen Yu Zhao ),( Jun Yi Yu ),( Yin Hu Wu ),( Yu Hong ),( Hong Ying Hu ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2014 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.42 No.2

While coupling wastewater treatment with microalgal bioenergy production is very promising, new approaches are needed to enhance microalgal growth and lipid accumulation in wastewater. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of iron on the growth, nutrient removal, and lipid accumulation of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 in both artificial wastewater and domestic secondary effluents. When increasing the iron concentration from 0 to 2 mg/l in the artificial wastewater, the biomass production of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 increased from 0.17 to 0.54 g/l; the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency increased from 15.7% and 80.6% to 97.0% and 99.2%, respectively; and the lipid content was enhanced 84.2%. The relationship between the carrying capacity/maximal population growth rate of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 and the initial iron concentration were also in accordance with the Monod model. Furthermore, when increasing the iron concentration to 2 mg/l in four different domestic secondary effluent samples, the lipid content and lipid production of Scenedesmus sp. LX1 was improved by 17.4-33.7% and 21.5-41.8%, respectively.

Metastasis associated genomic aberrations in stage II rectal cancer

Hong Zhao,Zhi-Zhou Shi,Rui Jiang,Dong-Bing Zhao,Hai-Tao Zhou,Jian-Wei Liang,Xin-Yu Bi,Jian-Jun Zhao,Zhi-Yu Li,Jian-Guo Zhou,Zhen Huang,Ye-Fan Zhang,Jian Wang,Xin Xu,Yan Cai,Ming-Rong Wang,Yu Zhang 한국유전학회 2016 Genes & Genomics Vol.38 No.11

Genomic aberrations of rectal carcinoma, especially DNA copy number changes associated with metastasis were largely unclear. We aim to identify the metastasis associated biomarkers in stage II rectal cancer. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues of stage II rectal carcinoma were analyzed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and genomic aberrations were identified by Genomic Workbench and SAM software. Copy number changes and mRNA expressions were validated by Real-time PCR in an independent rectal cancer samples. The results showed that the most frequent gains in stage II rectal cancer were at 1q21.2-q23.1, 3p21.31, 11q12.2-q23.3, 12q24.11-q24.31, 12q13.11-q14.1 and losses in 18q11.2-q23, 17q21.33-q22, 13q31.1-q31.3, 21q21.1-q21.3, 8p23.3-p23.1 and 4q22.1-q23. Twenty-two amplifications and five homozygous deletions were also identified. We further found that S100A1 (1q21.3-q23.1), MCM7 (7q22.1) and JUND (19p13.11) were amplified and overexpressed in stage II rectal cancer. Interestingly, the genomic aberrations affected 14 signaling pathways including VEGF signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Most importantly, loss of 13q31.1-q34 and gain of 1q44 were associated with distant metastasis. Our results indicated that these metastasis associated genomic changes may be useful to reveal the pathogenesis of rectal cancer metastasis and identify candidate biomarkers.

(-)-4-O-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid presents antitumor activity in HT-29 human colon cancer in vitro and in vivo

Zhao Hui Liu,Si Yu Zhang,Yong Yang Yu,Guo Qiang Su,G. Q. SU 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.4

(-)-4-O-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl) quinic acid (GQA), new compound isolated from Lonicera japonica, was found with the activity of inhibiting HIF-1. GQA exhibited anti-proliferative effects on a broad spectrum of tumor cell lines in HIF-1 dependent mechanism and could induce HT-29 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Oral administration of GQA showed significant inhibition against tumor growth of human colon carcinoma xenografted in nude mice. For the first time, this study provides scientific rational to develop GQA as a novel class of antitumor agents against the human colon carcinoma.

CFD-DEM modeling of snowdrifts on stepped flat roofs

Zhao, Lei,Yu, Zhixiang,Zhu, Fu,Qi, Xin,Zhao, Shichun Techno-Press 2016 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.23 No.6

Snowdrift formation on roofs should be considered in snowy and windy areas to ensure the safety of buildings. Presently, the prediction of snowdrifts on roofs relies heavily on field measurements, wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations. In this paper, a new snowdrift modeling method by using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) coupled with DEM (Discrete Element Method) is presented, including material parameters and particle size, collision parameters, particle numbers and input modes, boundary conditions of CFD, simulation time and inlet velocity, and coupling calculation process. Not only is the two-way coupling between wind and snow particles which includes the transient changes in snow surface topography, but also the cohesion and collision between snow particles are taken into account. The numerical method is applied to simulate the snowdrift on a typical stepped flat roof. The feasibility of using coupled CFD with DEM to study snowdrift is verified by comparing the simulation results with field measurement results on the snow depth distribution of the lower roof.

Online voltage phase synchronization in receiving coils of multi-input wireless power transfer

Zhao, Yu,Yang, Shiyou The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.11

In multi-input wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, it is plagued to create a destructive interference between the multiple transmitters to result in a relatively low voltage delivered to the receiving coil and load, due to the phase differences of the received voltages from different transmitters. In this regard, it is essential to synchronize the phases of the received voltages of the receiving coil from different transmitters. However, the existing offline synchronization methodologies rely heavily on an analytical form solution of the received voltage in a receiver. In most engineering application scenarios, such close-form solution is almost impossible. Moreover, the close form solution, even if possible, will vary with the operating conditions and environments. To eliminate these deficiencies of existing synchronization methodologies, an online synchronization methodology is proposed for a multi-input WPT system. In the proposed methodology, the received voltages from different transmitters are determined from a series of online voltage samplings under different offset phases, and a synchronization strategy is then proposed and implemented. A multi-input WPT prototype is developed to test the feasibility of the proposed synchronization methodology. The experimental results have demonstrated that the received voltage is significantly enhanced by applying the proposed online phase synchronization methodology.

PERFORMANCE OF R-1234YF IN MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT HEAT LOAD CONDITIONS

YU ZHAO,JIANGPING CHEN,BAIXING XU,BIN HE 대한설비공학회 2012 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.20 No.3

"Drop-in" tests of R-1234yf in a mobile air conditioning (MAC) system were conducted, and the system performance results were compared with those of the same system using R-134a. The performance tests were performed in a psychrometric calorimeter test facility based on enthalpy-difference method. The system performance was investigated under low-, middle- and high-load conditions. The results showed that the optimum refrigerant charge of R-1234yf was approximately 90% compared with that of R-134a under the same MAC system. When operated under optimum refrigerant charge, the system cooling capacity and COP of R-1234yf was 11% and 8.3% lower than that of the R-134a system, respectively. When wind tunnel test was conducted on a practical vehicle, the result showed that the carriage temperature in the vehicle with the R-1234yf system dropped slower. The average carriage temperature and blower outlet temperature were $2^{\circ}C$ higher than those of the R-134a system during the test.