CO_2-Enrichment and Photosynthetic Photon flux Affect the Growth of in Vitro-Cultured Apple Plantlets

Ru, Yu Li,Murthy, Hosakatte Niranjana,Kim, Seon Kyu,Paek, kee Yeoup 한국식물학회 2001 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.44 No.2

Micro-cuttings (shoots with two small leaves) of cultivar M9 apple were cultured in-vitro for 40 d under CO_2-enriched and non-enriched (i.e., ambient air) conditions, and at a PPF of 40 or 100μmol m^-2 s^-1. Afterward, shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content, shoot and root fresh weights, and % survival were recorded. Those plant-lets grown under CO_2 -and PPF- enriched treatments were healthy and vigorous, and showed higher values for their growth parameters. In contrast, those grown without supplemental CO_2 or PPF often showed hyperhydricity. We also demonstrated that CO_2 enrichment and a relatively high PPF during in-vitro culture promoted normal photosynthesis and growth after ex-vitro transplantation.

Effects of Microenvironmental Control on In Vitro Growth of Apple Rootstock M9 EMLA

Li, Ru-yu,Paek, Kee-Yoeup 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 1999 연구보고서 Vol.4 No.-

Effects of microenvironment on in vitro growth of apple rootstock M9 EMLA were investigated from the aspects of sucrose concentrations under different culture conditions, CO2 enrichment, temperatures, light sources and PPFs. Among four sucrose concentrations of 0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 6% under different culture conditions, 6% sucrose under the heterotrophic conditions was suitable for multiplication of apple rootstock M9 EMLA. 3% sucrose under photomixotrophic condition was favorable for the growth at rooting stage. The plantlet growth was significantly inhibited under photoautotrophic condition. In comparisons of the effect of CO2 enrichment (1000μ molㆍmol-1) with that of CO2 in normal air condition (400 μ molㆍmol-1) under low PPF(40 μ molㆍmol-2ㆍs-1) and high PPF(100 μ molㆍmol-2ㆍs-1), CO2 enrichment under high PPF significantly improved the growth of apple rootstock M9 EMLA, while the plantlet growth was retarded in low PPF. Among four different temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30℃, 25℃ was found to be optimum for both the multiplication and growth at rooting stage. On four levels PPFs of 20, 40, 80, and 160 μ molㆍmol-2ㆍs-1, 40 μ molㆍmol-2ㆍs-1 was the best condition for multiplication of apple rootstock M9 EMLA, while high PPFs (80, 160 μ molㆍmol-2ㆍs-1) inhibited shoot proliferation greatly. A high PPF of 160 μ molㆍmol-2ㆍs-1 significantly promoted the plantlet growth at rooting stage while low PPF resulted in inhibition effect on growth of apple rootstock M9 EMLA. Of eight different light sources which was provided by LEDs GF-320S system, blue and red LEDs and fluorescent lamp were found to be optimum for in vitro growth of apple rootstock M9 EMLA

Nutritional Characteristics and Active Components in Liver from Wagyu×Qinchuan Cattle

Li, Ru-Ren,Yu, Qun-Li,Han, Ling,Cao, Hui Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.2

We investigated nutritional characteristics and active components in the liver of Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle and Qinchuan cattle produced in Shaanxi (China). We observed significant differences (p<0.05) in the proximate composition of protein, fat, carbohydrate, total energy, and glycogen. Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver showed higher (p<0.05) sodium, iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations than Qinchuan cattle liver. The amino acid composition of Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver was richer (p<0.05) in 13 types of amino acids, with the exception of Asp (10.06%), Val (5.86%), and Met (1.72%). Total essential amino acids accounted for almost half the composition (39.69%) in Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver. Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver had lower (p<0.05) levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (18.2%), but higher (p<0.05) levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (35.11%), compared with Qinchuan cattle liver (23.29% and 28.11%, respectively). The thrombogenic index was higher in Qinchuan cattle liver (0.86) than in Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver (0.70), and the glutathione (38.0 mg/100g) and L-carnitine (2.12 ${\mu}M/g$) content was higher (p<0.05) in Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle liver than in Qinchuan cattle liver (29.8 mg/100g and 1.41 ${\mu}M/g$, respectively). According to the results obtained, the liver of Wagyu${\times}$Qinchuan cattle, which is insufficiently used, should be increasingly utilized to improve its commercial value.

CO₂-Enrichment and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Affect the Growth of In Vitro-Cultured Apple Plantlets

Li, Ru-Yu,Murthy, Hosakatte Niranjana,Kim, Seon-Kyu,Paek, Kee-Yeoup 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 2000 연구보고서 Vol.5 No.-

Micro-cutting (shoots with two small leaves) of cultivar M9 apple were cultured in-vitro for 40 d under CO2-enriched and non-enriched (i.e., ambient air) conditions, and at a PPF of 40 or 100 μmol m-2 s-1. Afterward, shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content, shoot and root fresh weights, and % survival were recorded. Those plantlets grown under CO2 -and PPF-enriched treatments were healthy and vigorous, and showed higher values for their growth parameters. In contrast, those grown without supplemental CO2 or PPF often showed hyperhydricity. We also demonstrated that CO2 enrichment and a relatively high PPF during in-vitro culture promoted normal photosynthesis and growth after ex-vitro transplantation.

Tumor-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β is Critical for Tumor Progression and Evasion from Immune Surveillance

Li, Zheng,Zhang, Li-Juan,Zhang, Hong-Ru,Tian, Gao-Fei,Tian, Jun,Mao, Xiao-Li,Jia, Zheng-Hu,Meng, Zi-Yu,Zhao, Li-Qing,Yin, Zhi-Nan,Wu, Zhen-Zhou Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

Tumors have evolved numerous mechanisms by which they can escape from immune surveillance. One of these is to produce immunosuppressive cytokines. Transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a crucial function in mediating immune suppression, especially in the tumor microenvironment. TGF-${\beta}$ produced by T cells has been demonstrated as an important factor for suppressing antitumor immune responses, but the role of tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ in this process is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that knockdown of tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ using shRNA resulted in dramatically reduced tumor size, slowing tumor formation, prolonging survival rate of tumor-bearing mice and inhibiting metastasis. We revealed possible underlying mechanisms as reducing the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ Treg cells, and consequently enhanced IFN-${\gamma}$ production by CTLs. Knockdown of tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ also significantly reduced the conversion of na$\ddot{i}$ve $CD4^+$ T cells into Treg cells in vitro. Finally, we found that knockdown of TGF-${\beta}$ suppressed cell migration, but did not change the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells in vitro. In summary, our study provided evidence that tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ is a critical factor for tumor progression and evasion of immune surveillance, and blocking tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer.

Isolation and enzymatic characterization of the first reported hyaluronidase from Yak (Bos grunniens) testis

Ru-ren Li,Qun-li Yu,Ling Han,Liang-yan Rong,Meng-meng Yang,Mai-rui An 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.11

A novel hyaluronidase (BgHya1) from Yak testis was isolated and shown to have compara-tively high activity on sodium hyaluronate. However, surveys on BgHya1 are still limited. The enzyme was purifiedthrough gel filtration on Sephacryl S-100 and cation-exchange on SP Sepharose fast flow; the purity was confirmedby a reverse phase FPLC Shodex C4 column. The specific activity of the purified BgHya1 was 20.4 U/mg assayed bythe colorimetric method against 0.85 U/mg for the crude enzyme, representing a 24-fold purification. It was a monomericprotein of 55 kDa estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and SephacrylS-200. It exhibited maximum activity in the presence of 0.15 M NaCl at 37 oC, pH 3.8, and a specificity to sodiumhyaluronate higher than that of chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, and dermatan. The Km value for BgHya1,using sodium hyaluronate as substrate, was 0.106 mg/mL. Activity of BgHya1 was inhibited mildly by Ca2+and Fe2+,and significantly by Fe3+, Mg2+, EDTA, urea, heparin, and 0.5 M NaCl. It was not affected by Cu2+,Zn2+,Co2+, ascorbicacid, PMSF, DTT, glutathione (reduced), or L-cysteine. BgHya1 was shown to be heat unstable in the range of 4-45 oC. In terms of storage stability, 92% of the activity was retained after four weeks at 4 oC, and 58% at room temperature. In addition, adding BSA (1.0 mg/mL) to the enzyme sample prior to freezing resulted in complete retention of enzymeactivity. This work yielded a high purity hyaluronidase, the first one isolated from by-product.

Non-Benzoquinone Geldanamycin Analog, WK-88-1, Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

( Yu-ru Zhao ),( Hong-mei Li ),( Meilin Zhu ),( Jing Li ),( Tao Ma ),( Qiang Huo ),( Young-soo Hong ),( Cheng-zhu Wu ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.4

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is treated as a molecular therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Geldanamycin (GA) was the first identified natural Hsp90 inhibitor, but hepatotoxicity has limited its clinical application. Nevertheless, a new GA analog (WK-88- 1) with the non-benzoquinone skeleton, obtained from genetically engineered Streptomyces hygroscopicus, was found to have anticancer activity against two human breast cancer cell lines. WK-88-1 produced concentration-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Detailed analysis showed that WK-88-1 downregulated some key cell cycle molecules (CDK1 and cyclin B1) and lead to G2/M cell cycle arrest. Further studies also showed that WK- 88-1 could induce human breast cancer cell apoptosis by downregulating Hsp90 client proteins (Akt, p-Akt, IKK, c-Raf, and Bcl-2), decreasing the ATP level, increasing reactive oxygen species production, and lowering the mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile, we discovered that WK-88-1 significantly decreased the levels of Her-2 and ER-α in MCF-7 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, WK-88-1 significantly increased caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities and the cleavage of PARP in a concentration-dependent manner (with the exception of caspase-3 and PARP in MCF-7 cells). Taken together, our preliminary results suggest that WK-88-1 has the potential to play a role in breast cancer therapy.

Risk Factors for Anxiety in Major Depressive Disorder Patients

Li-Min Xin,Lin Chen,Zhen-Peng Ji,Suo-Yuan Zhang,Jun Wang,Yan-Hong Liu,Da-Fang Chen,Fu-De Yang,Gang Wang,Yi-Ru Fang,Zheng Lu,Hai-Chen Yang,Jian Hu,Zhi-Yu Chen,Yi Huang,Jing Sun,Xiao-Ping Wang,Hui-Chun 대한정신약물학회 2015 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.13 No.3

Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic and clinical factors related to anxiety in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: This study involved a secondary analysis of data obtained from the Diagnostic Assessment Service for People with Bipolar Disorders in China (DASP), which was initiated by the Chinese Society of Psychiatry (CSP) and conducted from September 1, 2010 to February 28, 2011. Based on the presence or absence of anxiety-related characteristics, 1,178 MDD patients were classified as suffering from anxious depression (n=915) or non-anxious depression (n=263), respectively. Results: Compared with the non-anxious group, the anxious-depression group had an older age at onset (t=−4.39, p<0.001), were older (t=−4.69, p<0.001), reported more lifetime depressive episodes (z=−3.24, p=0.001), were more likely to experience seasonal depressive episodes (χ2=6.896, p=0.009) and depressive episodes following stressful life events (χ2=59.350, p <0.001), and were more likely to have a family history of psychiatric disorders (χ2=6.091, p=0.014). Their positive and total scores on the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and the 32-item Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) (p<0.05) were also lower. The logistic regression analysis indicated that age (odds ratio [OR]=1.03, p<0.001), a lower total MDQ score (OR=0.94, p=0.011), depressive episodes following stressful life events (OR=3.04, p<0.001), and seasonal depressive episodes (OR=1.75, p=0.039) were significantly associated with anxious depression. Conclusion: These findings indicate that older age, fewer subclinical bipolar features, an increased number of depressive episodes following stressful life events, and seasonal depressive episodes may be risk factors for anxiety-related characteristics in patients with MDD.

Hyperinsulinism in a dog with beta-cell neoplasia (insulinoma)

Yu, Do-Hyeon,Lee, Jong-Hyun,Song, Ru-Hui,Noh, Dong-Ho,Li, Ying-Hua,Lee, Mi-Jin,Cho, Ara,Kim, Bumseok,Park, Jinho The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2009 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.49 No.4

A six-year-old female cocker spaniel presented with recurring episodes of pelvic limb weakness and intermittent seizures. Laboratory analysis revealed marked hypoglycemia and an elevated serum insulin concentration. A pancreatic beta-cell tumor at stage III ($T_1N_1M_1$) was diagnosed based on serial blood glucose and insulin measurements along with diagnostic imaging. The patient survived for 140 days after diagnosis with medical management, including frequent feeding and prednisolone therapy. On necropsy, necrosis and masses in the peripancreatic omentum and liver were found; pancreatic beta-cell neoplasia with metastasis to the liver was confirmed by histopathologic examination. This case reports hyper-insulinism in a dog presenting with hypoglycemic seizures.

Dextromethorphan Protect the Valproic Acid Induced Downregulation of Neutrophils in Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Ru-Band Lu,Yun-Hsuan Chang,Sheng-Yu Lee,Tzu-Yun Wang,Shu-Li Cheng,Po See Chen,Yen Kuang Yang,Jau-Shyong Hong,Shiou-Lan Chen 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.1

Objective: Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant and commonly long term used as a mood stabilizer for patients with mood disorders. However its chronic effects on the hematological changes were noticed and need to be further evaluated. In this study, we evaluated, in Taiwanese Han Chinese patients with bipolar disorders (BD), the chronic effects of VPA or VPA plus dextromethorphan (DM) on the hematological molecules (white blood cell [WBCs], red blood cells [RBCs], hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets). Methods: In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind study, we randomly assigned BD patients to one of three groups: VPA plus either placebo (VPA+P, n = 57) or DM (30 mg/day, VPA+DM30, n = 56) or 60 mg/day (VPA+DM60, n = 53). The Young Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used to evaluate symptom severity, and the hematological molecules were checked. Results: Paired t test showed that the WBC, neutrophils, platelets and RBCs were significantly lowered after 12 weeks of VPA+P or VPA+DM30 treatment. VPA+DM60 represented the protective effects in the WBCs, neutrophils, and RBCs but not in the platelets. We further calculated the changes of each hematological molecules after 12 weeks treatment. We found that combination use of DM60 significantly improved the decline in neutrophils induced by the long-term VPA treatment. Conclusion: Hematological molecule levels were lower after long-term treatment with VPA. VPA+DM60, which yielded the protective effect in hematological change, especially in the neutrophil counts. Thus, DM might be adjunct therapy for maintaining hematological molecules in VPA treatment.