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김대영(Dae-Young Kim),Ngoc-Trung Nguyen,김영완(Youngwan Kim),김동현(Donghyun Kim),김동석(Dongsuk Kim),김헌영(Heon Young Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11
Interior parts of automotive are made of polymers like rubber, foam, plastics and composite materials and are directly related to the impact behavior of passenger at crash event. Especially, plastics is widely used in the interior parts due to the low price, reduction of weight and formability. However, material modeling of plastics is difficult because of the material characteristics such as softening, dilatation and pressure dependency. Usually, the material modeling of plastics considers the methods applying in the metal materials, but it is not suitable in the large deformation problem like crash analysis. So, the material models which express the mechanical characteristics of plastics exactly are needed. The LS-DYNA commercial software recommends several models for plastics. In this paper, several models which are suitable for plastics are compared. Experiments process and specimens are introduced to obtain the material parameters. To simulate the coupon test, F. E. modeling was constructed and compared with experiment data.
Concurrent upregulation of immune checkpoint molecule genes in colorectal cancer
방휘재,Sohn Joon Hyung,Kim Soo-Ki,KIM CHEOL SU,Cho Mee-Yon,Kim BoRa,An Sanghyun,Kim Kwangmin,Kim Youngwan 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2023 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.19 No.3
Background A simultaneous gene expression pattern of immune checkpoint molecules might exist in colorectal cancer. This hypothesis has rarely been tested in human in vivo samples. Objective We investigated the gene expression patterns of immune checkpoint molecules in human colorectal cancer tissues using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with a focus on concurrent gene expression. Results We included 14 females and 16 males with a mean age was 68.5 years. The mean number of all immune checkpoint molecules did not diff er signifi cantly between normal and tumor tissues. Histological grade 3 tumors were more common in the PDCD1 -expressing group [3 (25.0%) vs. 0 (0%) ( p = 0.042)]. All six and four immune checkpoint molecules were expressed in eight and three PDCD1 -positive patients, respectively. Specifi cally, CD274 was expressed in 11 of 12 PDCD1 - positive patients, while LAG3 and IDO1 were expressed simultaneously in all patients expressing CD274 . Conclusion Colorectal cancers more commonly express multiple immune checkpoint molecules simultaneously than single molecules. This suggests that blocking multiple immune checkpoint pathways may serve as a potential strategy for immunotherapy.
Kim, Haejin,Kong, Chang-Suk,Lee, Jung Im,Kim, Hojun,Baek, Seungoh,Seo, Youngwan American Chemical Society 2013 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.61 No.36
<P>In the present study, a methanolic extract of Ecklonia cava and its solvent-partitioned fractions were evaluated for their antiadipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. One of them, the <I>n</I>-BuOH fraction, effectively reduced lipid accumulation and glucose consumption. In addition, the presence of the <I>n</I>-BuOH fraction in adipocytes suppressed the regulations of adipogenic transcription factors, PPARγ and SREBP1c, and adipogenic specific genes, FABP4, FABP1, FAS, LPL, HSL, and ACS1. Further purification of <I>n</I>-BuOH fractions led to the isolation of six phlorotannins (<B>1</B>–<B>6</B>). The six phlorotannins effectively suppressed triglyceride accumulation. Comparative analysis showed that lipid accumulation in adipocytes was dramatically attenuated in the presence of eckstolonol (<B>4</B>).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2013/jafcau.2013.61.issue-36/jf401454m/production/images/medium/jf-2013-01454m_0007.gif'></P>
Kim, Dae-Young,Kim, Youngwan,Kim, Heon Young Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd 2014 Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engin Vol. No.
<P>The nature of the contact between the occupants and the interior structure of a vehicle following a collision is the primary cause of injury in car accidents. The interior parts of vehicles are typically made from various kinds of plastic. The deformation and failure of these materials largely determine the injury risk to the occupants. Among the various materials used to fabricate the interior parts of vehicles, plastics exhibit softening, dilatational, pressure-dependent and anisotropic characteristics, which should be considered in the design of the interior parts of those vehicles. However, it is difficult to describe the mechanical behaviour of plastics because classical models (e.g. the piecewise-linear plasticity model) using the isotropic yield criterion and the hardening rule are typically applied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to advance the numerical modelling technique for the interior materials of a vehicle and to suggest the test process for obtaining the material parameters. This paper compares the various material models that can be applied to plastics and describes a phenomenological model that includes a variable Poisson’s ratio, damage and stress–strain characteristics which are dependent on the rate of change in the applied load. Several tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of plastics and to obtain the parameters of the phenomenological material model. Free-motion headform impact in a pillar trim was analysed to compare the differences between the classical model and the phenomenological model.</P>