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흥미로운 구조를 가진 Dipyrrolylbenzene들의 합성에 관한 연구
정대일,김인식,정두희,박철우,김윤영 東亞大學校 大學院 1996 大學院論文集 Vol.21 No.-
1-(2-Aminophenyl)pyrrole 20a and 1,2-dipyrrolylbenzene 17a were synthesized by using 1,2-phenylenediamine 16a with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acid. 1-(3-Aminophenyl)pyrrole 20b and 1,3-dipyrrolylbenzene 17b were obtained by using 1,3-phenylenediamine 16b with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acetic acid. 1,4-Dipyrrolybenzene 17c was synthesized by using 1,4-phenylenediamine 16c with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acetic acid. Aminophenylpyrroles 20 and dipyrrolylbenzenes 17 were respectively synthesized by the treatment of 1,2-phenylenediamine 16a, 13-phenylenediamine 16b, 1,4-phenylenediamine 16c and 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in no solvent, acrylic acid, silica-gel, acrylic acid + silica-gel + acetic acid instead of glacial acetic acid. In case of silica-gel + acetic acid among various methods reactivity about synthesis of dipyrrolylbenzene 17 was best. 9-Phenylcarbazole 15 was synthesized by treatment of 1-phenylpyrrole 13 with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acetic acid.
모델링 기법을 이용한 밭의 볏짚 지표피복의 부유사량 저감효과 평가 방법
박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ),금동혁 ( Donghyuk Kum ),이동준 ( Dong Jun Lee ),최중대 ( Joongdae Choi ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ),김기성 ( Ki Sung Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2016 한국물환경학회지 Vol.32 No.1
Sediment-laden water leads to water quality degradation in streams; therefore, best management practices must be implemented in the source area to control nonpoint source pollution. Field monitoring was implemented to measure precipitation, direct runoff, and sediment concentrations at a control plot and straw-applied plot to examine the effect on sediment reduction in this study. A hydrology model, which employs Curve Number (CN) to estimate direct runoff and the Universal Soil Loss Equation to estimate soil loss, was selected. Twenty-five storm events from October 2010 to July 2012 were observed at the control plot, and 14 storm events from April 2011 to July 2011 at the straw-applied plot. CN was calibrated for direct runoff, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and coefficient of determination were 0.66 and 0.68 at the control plot. Direct runoff at the straw-applied plot was calibrated using the percentage direct runoff reduction. The estimated reduction in sediment load by direct runoff reduction calibration alone was acceptable. Therefore, direct runoff-sediment load behaviors in a hydrology model should be considered to estimate sediment load and the reduction thereof.
VFSMOD-w 모형과 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 식생여과대의 최적화
박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ),현근우 ( Geun Woo Hyun ) 한국물환경학회 2014 한국물환경학회지 Vol.30 No.2
Vegetative Filter Strip (VFS) is one of effective Best Management Practices (BMPs) to prevent sediment-laden water problem, is installed at the edge of source area such agricultural area so that sediment occurred in source area is trapped by VFS before it flow into stream or river. Appropriate scale of it needs to be simulated before it is installed, considering various field conditions. In this study, a model using VFSMOD-w model and Genetic Algorithm to determine effective VFS length was developed, it is available to calibrate input parameter related to source area sediment yield through thousands of VFSMOD-w simulations. Useful DBs, moreover, are stored in the model so that very specific input parameters can be used with reasonable values. Compared simulated values to observed data values for calibration, R2 and Nash-Stucliffe model efficiency coefficient were 0.74 and 0.65 in flow comparison, and 0.89 and 0.79 in sediment comparison. The model determined 1.0 m of Filter Length, 0.18 of Filter Slope, and 0.2 cm of Filter Media Spacing to reduce 80% of sediment by VFS. The model has not only Auto-Calibration module also DBs for specific input parameters, thus, the model is expected to be used for effective VFS scale.
농업생산기반시설 설계기준 개정에 관한 연구: 농지관개 수질대책 편을 대상으로
박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ),김종건 ( Jonggun Kim ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ),박찬기 ( Chan-gi Park ) 한국농공학회 2020 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2020 No.-
농림축산식품부는 국가건설기준센터를 통해서 농업용 필댐, 콘크리트댐, 관수로, 저수지 등과 같은 농업용 시설에 대한 조사, 설계 운영 등에 관한 지침을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 지침들은 실무에서 활용될 수 있도록 정책적 근거와 기술적 요소들에 대해 제시할 필요가 있다. 국가건설기준 내에서 농지관개 수질대책은 1969년에 농지개량사업 계획설계기준의 관개편으로 제정되었으며, 이후 1998년에 농업생산기반정비사업의 계획설계기준 관개편으로 개정되었다. 그리고 최근 국가건설기준의 KDS 67 40 40으로 2018년에 다시 제정되어, 국가건설기준센터를 통해 배포되고 있다. 이 대책은 농어촌정비법 제19조에 근거하여 수질개선 사업계획을 수립하는데 필요한 사항을 정하는 것이 목적을 두고 있는데, 수질오염과 관련하여 정의, 조사 방법, 설계 등에 대하여 관련 근거와 함께 충분히 제시해야 할 필요가 있다. 그러나 현재이 지침에서는 지침에서 사용되는 용어에 대한 정의가 제시되어 있지 않으며, 대상지구의 수질대책과 관련하여 조사, 설계 등에 대한 사항들이 불분명하거나, 부족하거나, 제시되어 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실무자가 대상지구의 수질대책과 관련하여 지침으로써 활용될 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 이 대책의 적용범위, 수질기준, 관계법령을 명확하게 하였으며, 수질오염과 관련하여 대상지구에 대한 조사 방법 및 계획에 대해 실무자가 활용할 수 있도록 충분히 제시하였으며, 대상지구에서 수질대책 설계에 대해서 한국농어촌공사의 비점오염원 관리 방법에 근거하여 유역에 대한 수질관리 방향에 대해 제시하였다. 더욱이 환경부의 비점오염원 관리 방법에 대한 관련 법령 및 가이드라인을 함께 반영하면서, 정책적 측면에서의 합리성을 유지할 수 있도록 하였다.
박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.1
BACKGROUND: Water quality data are collected less frequently than flow data because of the cost to collect and analyze, while water quality data corresponding to flow data are required to compute pollutant loads or to calibrate other hydrology models. Regression models are applicable to interpolate water quality data corresponding to flow data. METHODS AND RESULTS: A regression model was suggested which is capable to consider flow and time variance, and the regression model coefficients were calibrated using various measured water quality data with genetic-algorithm. Both LOADEST and the regression using genetic-algorithm were evaluated by 19 water quality data sets through calibration and validation. The regression model using genetic-algorithm displayed the similar model behaviors to LOADEST. The load estimates by both LOADEST and the regression model using genetic-algorithm indicated that use of a large proportion of water quality data does not necessarily lead to the load estimates with smaller error to measured load. CONCLUSION: Regression models need to be calibrated and validated before they are used to interpolate pollutant 37 loads, as separating water quality data into two data sets for calibration and validation.
필지에 대한 범용토양유실공식의 지형인자 결정 방법에 대한 연구
박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ),박종윤 ( Jong-yoon Park ),김종건 ( Jonggun Kim ) 한국농공학회 2019 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2019 No.-
Universal Soil Loss Equation is to estimate potential soil loss and has benefit in use with its simplicity. The equation is composed of five factors, one of the factors is the slope length and steepness factor (LS factor) which is to consider topographic characteristics of fields to compute potential soil loss. After the USLE was developed, various equations to determine LS factor was suggested with field measurement. The factor is often computed in GIS-based software with digital elevation model, but it was reported that the factor is somewhat sensitive to the resolution of digital elevation model. Moreover, the digital elevation model of high resolution less than 5 meter is required in small field application, but these inputs are not associate with the empirical models’ backgrounds since the empirical models were derived in 22 meter field measurements. Therefore, four equation to compute LS factor and two approaches to determine slope length and steepness were examined, and correction factor was suggested to provide reasonable precision in LS estimations. The correction factor is computed with field area and cell size of digital elevation model, thus the correction factor can be adapted in any USLE-based models using LS factor at field level.