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아동의 사회적 문제해결능력과 어머니의 대화형태와의 관계연구
김재림,백은주,신유림,심미경,이혜경 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1985 婦學 Vol.18 No.-
The present study investigated the relationship between the social problem solving ability of children and the language patterns of their mothers. The subjects included 193 nine yearolds (185 girls, 108 boys), and 230 twelve yearolds (115 girls, 115 boys). The instruments used were a language patterns test for the mother and IPA (Interpersonal Problem Solving Ability Test) for children. Major finding from this study were: ⑴ the correlation between the social problem solving ability of children and the language patterns of their mothers was not statistically significant, ⑵ the language patterns of the mothers were significantly different by child's sex; for boys, mother used more ordered language patterns and for girls, mothers used more ordered language patterns and for girls, mothers used more humanoriented language patterns, ⑶ the social problem solving ability of children were significantly different by child's age; 12yearolds exhibited higher ability than 9yearolds.
Lee, You-Rim,Lee, Jiyeong,Seok, Ae Eun,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Lee, Yoo-Jin,Ihm, Chunhwa,Sung, Ho Joong,Hyun, Sung Hee,Kang, Hee-Gyoo Elsevier 2019 Forensic science international Vol.294 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Analysis of the components of bloodstains found at crime scenes can provide important information for solving the crime. However, components of blood and bloodstains vary with volume and various other unpredictable factors. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the volume of the initial liquid blood droplet and standardize the analysis. In this study, internal standard metabolites that remained constant in a certain amount of bloodstain, long after deposition of the stain, were identified. Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry of the metabolites extracted from the bloodstain samples at various time points (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) was performed. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the obtained molecular features was calculated for each criterion: time point, subject, and all data (time and subject, triplicate of each). Five molecular features with average CVs of less than or equal to 5% were selected as candidates. Partial least squares discriminant analysis and principal component analysis showed that the effect on the candidates was very low over time. The fold-change value of abundances was confirmed according to time. Stigmasterol exhibited the most stable pattern; <SMALL>L</SMALL>-methionine remained stable until day 14 and after day 21. This study was the first attempt to identify internal standard metabolites that were maintained at a constant level in a bloodstain for a sufficiently long time. Analysis of internal standard metabolites in bloodstains will facilitate determination of the initial blood volume from which the bloodstain was made. Moreover, this method will provide an approach for standardization of bloodstains to obtain absolute quantitative information of bloodstain components at crime scenes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Internal standard metabolites of bloodstains were identified. </LI> <LI> Five molecular features having average CVs of≤5% were selected as candidates. </LI> <LI> PLS-DA and PCA showed that the effect on the candidates was very low over time. </LI> <LI> Stigmasterol exhibited the most stable pattern. </LI> <LI> <SMALL>L</SMALL>-methionine remained stable until day 14 and after day 21. </LI> </UL> </P>