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이단계 혐기성/호기성 반응기를 이용한 Reactive Blue 114의 생분해
이성호,오유관,김효섭,박성훈 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究報 Vol.16 No.-
난분해성 안트라퀴논계 염료인 Reactive Blue 114를 이단계 혐기성/호기성 반응기를 이용하여 분해하고자 하였다. 혐기성 반응기로 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) 반응기를 이용하였고, 호기성 반응기로는 전통적인 활성슬러지조를 사용하였다. 혐기성 UASB 반응기는 2개월 동안 염료를 투입하지 않고 start-up 과정을 거친 후 염료를 투입하여 염료 농도의 영향과 수리학적 체류시간(HRT)의 영향을 조사하였다. 염료 제거율은 염료농도가 증가하거나 HRT가 감소할수록 감소하였다. 혐기성 UASB 반응기로 측정한 최대 염료제거속도는 52 mg/L · day이었다. 1차 혐기성 처리수를 호기성 반응기를 이용하여 처리하였을 때 색도 기준으로 염료 제거는 관찰되지 않았다. HPLC를 이용하여 1차 혐기성 처리수를 분석하였을 때 Reactive Blue 114의 중간 분해 산물이 확인되었고, 이들 물질은 2차 호기성 처리시 제거되었다. Biodegradatiorn of C. I. (Color Index) Reactive Blue 114 was investigated by using continuous two stage reactor anaerobic/aerobic reactors. An Upflow Anaerovbic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and conventional activated sludge reactor were used as an anaerobic and aerobic reactors, respectively. During the start-up operation for 2 months, UASB reactor was operated without dye and then fed with a subtoxic concentration (5 mg/L) of Reactive Blue 114. After reaching a steady state, the effect of dye concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were studied. With increasing dye concentration and decreasing HRT, dye removal efficiency decreased. The highest removal rate of the Reactive Blue 114 obtained was 52 mg/L · day. In the aerobic reactor, color removal was not observed regardless of the operating conditions. The degradation intermediates of Reactive Blue 114 were analyzed by HPLC. Some intermediates were detected from the effluent of UASB, and they were apparently degraded further by the aerobic process.
Biohydrogen Production from Carbon Monoxide and Water by Rhodopseudomonas palustris P4
Oh You-Kwan,Kim Yu-Jin,Park Ji-Young,Lee Tae Ho,Kim Mi-Sun,Park Sunghoon The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.3
A reactor-scale hydrogen (H2) production via the water-gas shift reaction of carbon monoxide (CO) and water was studied using the purple nonsulfur bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris P4. The experiment was conducted in a two-step process: an aerobic/chemoheterotrophic cell growth step and a subsequent anaerobic $H_2$ production step. Important parameters investigated included the agitation speed. inlet CO concentration and gas retention time. P4 showed a stable $H_2$ production capability with a maximum activity of 41 mmol $H_2$ g $cell^{-1}h^{-1}$ during the continuous reactor operation of 400 h. The maximal volumetric H2 production rate was estimated to be 41 mmol $H_2 L^{-1}h^{-1}$, which was about nine-fold and fifteen-fold higher than the rates reported for the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rubrivivax gelatinosus, respectively. This is mainly attributed to the ability of P4 to grow to a high cell density with a high specific $H_2$ production activity. This study indicates that P4 has an outstanding potential for a continuous H2 production via the water-gas shift reaction once a proper bioreactor system that provides a high rate of gas-liquid mass transfer is developed.
Recent developments and key barriers to advanced biofuels: A short review
Oh, You-Kwan,Hwang, Kyung-Ran,Kim, Changman,Kim, Jung Rae,Lee, Jin-Suk Elsevier 2018 Bioresource Technology Vol.257 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biofuels are regarded as one of the most viable options for reduction of CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions in the transport sector. However, conventional plant-based biofuels (e.g., biodiesel, bioethanol)’s share of total transportation-fuel consumption in 2016 was very low, about 4%, due to several major limitations including shortage of raw materials, low CO<SUB>2</SUB> mitigation effect, blending wall, and poor cost competitiveness. Advanced biofuels such as drop-in, microalgal, and electro biofuels, especially from inedible biomass, are considered to be a promising solution to the problem of how to cope with the growing biofuel demand. In this paper, recent developments in oxy-free hydrocarbon conversion via catalytic deoxygenation reactions, the selection of and lipid-content enhancement of oleaginous microalgae, electrochemical biofuel conversion, and the diversification of valuable products from biomass and intermediates are reviewed. The challenges and prospects for future development of eco-friendly and economically advanced biofuel production processes also are outlined herein.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> With 2DS, the biofuels’ transport-fuel share will be 30.7% by 2060. </LI> <LI> Recent studies on advanced biofuels from different inedible feedstocks are reviewed. </LI> <LI> Important technical barriers to drop-in, algal, and electro biofuels are discussed. </LI> <LI> Biofuel deoxygenation, oleaginous algae, and electro-fermentation are emphasized. </LI> </UL> </P>