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Yoshizawa, Yasuyo,Kim, Junghoon,Kuno, Shinya Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 BioMed research international Vol.2016 No.-
<P><I>Background.</I> This study aimed to investigate whether a lifestyle-based physical activity program could contribute to reduced medical expenditure.<I> Methods.</I> The study participants were 60 adults aged 63.1 (standard deviation, 4.4) years in the intervention group; the case-control group consisted of 300 adults who were randomly selected from Japan's national health insurance system. This community-based retrospective study incorporated a 3-year follow-up.<I> Results.</I> The total and outpatient medical expenditure in the intervention group were significantly lower than in the control group: total expenditure, $US640.4/year; outpatient expenditure, $369.1/year. The odds ratio for outpatient visiting was 6.47-fold higher in the control than in the intervention group. <I>Conclusion.</I> Our study suggests that a health program to promote physical activity can result in reduced total medical expenditure, outpatient medical expenditure, and possibly also inpatient medical expenditure.</P>
Yoshizawa, Eri,Shimada, Koji,Ha, Ho Kyung,Kim, Tae Wan,Kang, Sung Ho,Chung, Kyung Ho Oceanographic Society of Japan 2015 Journal of oceanography Vol.71 No.2
<P> In the late 2000s, the dominant sea ice type in the Arctic Ocean changed from multi-year ice to first-year ice. In this condition, winter growth of first-year ice and resultant ice thickness at the melt onset are key preconditions on whether sea ice can survive or will disappear during the following summer. The growth rate strongly depends on upper ocean thermal conditions. In the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean, the warm Pacific Summer Water, which is a major heat source affecting the sea ice growth, is transported toward the basin by the oceanic Beaufort Gyre, driven by winds and sea ice motions, but the response time scale of the oceanic Beaufort Gyre to surface forcing has been unclear until now. In the present study, we examine the relationship between the ocean dynamic height near the Northwind Ridge as a proxy of the northward volume transport and curls of winds and sea ice velocities, using multiple regression models that evaluate relative contributions of past surface forcing to the current state of the oceanic Beaufort Gyre. As a result, the time scale of the delayed oceanic response in 2006?2012 was estimated to be about 3 years. Taking into account the response time scale, the multiple regression model using the satellite-derived sea ice motion data successfully reconstructed the observed variations of ocean dynamic heights within an accuracy of 0.2 dynamic cm, which corresponded to about 2 % of the amplitude of the observed variations. </P>
Yoshizawa, Fumiaki,Nagasawa, Takashi,Sugahara, Kunio Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.1
Although amino acids are substrates for the synthesis of proteins and nitrogen-containing compounds, it has become more and more clear over the years that these nutrients are also extremely important as regulators of body protein turnover. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) together or simply leucine alone stimulate protein synthesis and inhibit protein breakdown in skeletal muscle. However, it was only recently that the mechanism(s) involved in the regulation of protein turnover by BCAAs has begun to be defined. The acceleration of protein synthesis by these amino acids seems to occur at the level of peptide chain initiation. Oral administration of leucine to food-deprived rats enhances muscle protein synthesis, in part, through activation of the mRNA binding step of translation initiation. Despite our knowledge of the induction of protein synthesis by BCAAs, there are few studies on the suppression of protein degradation. The recent findings that oral administration of leucine rapidly reduced $N^{\tau}$-methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine; MeHis) release from isolated muscle, an index of myofibrillar protein degradation, indicate that leucine suppresses myofiblilar protein degradation. The details of the molecular mechanism by which leucine inhibits proteolysis is just beginning to be elucidated. The purpose of this report was to review the current understanding of how BCAAs act as regulators of protein turnover.