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Traffic flow models with nonlocal looking ahead-behind dynamics
Yongki Lee 대한수학회 2020 대한수학회지 Vol.57 No.4
Motivated by the traffic flow model with Arrhenius look-ahead relaxation dynamics introduced in \cite{SK06}, this paper proposes a traffic flow model with look ahead relaxation-behind intensification by inserting look behind intensification dynamics to the flux. Finite time shock formation conditions in the proposed model with various types of interaction potentials are identified. Several numerical experiments are performed in order to demonstrate the performance of the modified model. It is observed that, comparing to other well-known macroscopic traffic flow models, the model equipped with look ahead relaxation-behind intensification has both enhanced dispersive and smoothing effects
Yongki Lee,Donglee Kim 한국무역금융보험학회(구 한국무역보험학회) 2021 무역보험연구 Vol.22 No.5
본 논문은 대법원 판례를 분석하여 대법원의 법리적 해석과 문제점을 매입은행에 관한 법리적 해석, Fraud Rule에 의한 법리적 해석, 선적서류 위조의 당사자에 관한 법리적 해석으로 제시하 였고 마스터와 백투백 신용장의 거래사실을 근거로 무역사기의 흔적을 분석하여 마스터와 백 투백 신용장 거래방식이 무역사기에 활용되고 있는 결제방식의 한계를 밝히었다. 마스터 신용 장의 거래당사자가 무역사기에 개입하였는지를 판단하는 기준을 제시하였다. 마스터 신용장의 개설의뢰인이 무역사기의 당사자인지는 마스터 신용장 개설의뢰인의 무역사 기 기획, 마스터와 백투백 신용장의 금융비용, 통관용 선하증권의 발행요청자로 판단하도록 하였다. 마스터 신용장의 수익자가 무역사기에 개입하였는지는 마스터 신용장의 선적서류와 환어음의 발행자, 마스터 신용장 선적서류와 환어음의 매입 요청일자, 스위치 선하증권의 발 행 요청자, 통관용 선하증권의 발행인지 여부로 판단하도록 하였다. 마스터 신용장 매입은행 이 무역사기를 인지하였는지는 매입은행의 마스터 신용장 선적서류와 환어음의 매입요청 일 자, 원 선하증권과 스위치 선하증권 발행자의 확인 여부, 매입대금 지급 근거, 통관용 선하증권 의 발행인지 여부로 판단하도록 하였다. 대법원 판례분석을 통하여 마스터 신용장의 개설은행 과 매입은행, 해상운송인에게 주는 시사점을 도출하였다. Purpose : To investigate the legal problems regarding the relationship between parties in Back to Back L/C fraud trade transactions, to present the criteria for judging trade fraud based on the relationship between the Master L/C and Back to Back L/C, and to prevent Back to Back L/C trade fraud by deducting the implications for the issuing bank and shipping carrier of the Master L/C. Research design, data, methodology : Literature review and analyzed Supreme Court Decision 2017Da21776 decided on November. 14, 2017 Results : First, the Supreme Court's legal interpretations of the negotiating bank, Fraud Rule, and the forgery of shipping documents were introduced as problems. Second, the limitations of the payment methods used in trade fraud between the Master L/C and Back to Back L/C were investigated. Third, the criteria for judging whether the parties of the Master L/C were involved was presented. Finally, through the analysis of the Supreme Court, the implications for the issuing bank, negotiating bank, and shipping carrier of the Master L/C were deducted. Conclusions : The Master L/C and Back to Back L/C payment method has loopholes where the issuing bank and the negotiating bank of Master L/C can be subjected to trade fraud. Given that the L/C trade fraud starts and ends with a bill of lading, the shipper who issues this bill of lading must be held accountable.
TRAFFIC FLOW MODELS WITH NONLOCAL LOOKING AHEAD-BEHIND DYNAMICS
Lee, Yongki Korean Mathematical Society 2020 대한수학회지 Vol.57 No.4
Motivated by the traffic flow model with Arrhenius looka-head relaxation dynamics introduced in [25], this paper proposes a traffic flow model with look ahead relaxation-behind intensification by inserting look behind intensification dynamics to the flux. Finite time shock formation conditions in the proposed model with various types of interaction potentials are identified. Several numerical experiments are performed in order to demonstrate the performance of the modified model. It is observed that, comparing to other well-known macroscopic traffic flow models, the model equipped with look ahead relaxation-behind intensification has both enhanced dispersive and smoothing effects.