Genome-scale Analysis of Genetic Regulatory Elements in Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680 Using Transcript Boundary Information

Yongjae LEE,Namil LEE,Soonkyu HWANG,Woori KIM,Suhyung CHO,Bernhard O. PALSSON,Byung-Kwan CHO 한국생물공학회 2022 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.4

Shakespeare and Korean Literature during the Japanese Colonial Rule

Yongjae Cho(조용재),Boyoung Lee(이보영) 한국셰익스피어학회 2013 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.49 No.2

수감생활과 결핵으로 인해 28세의 짧은 생을 살았지만 56편의 시, 1편의 장편소설, 15편의 단편소설, 그리고 35편의 수필과 같은 방대한 작품을 남긴 이상(李箱 1910-1937)은 한국의 일제 강점기 작가 중에서 셰익스피어의 영향을 지속적으로 받은 거의 유일한 작가이다. 셰익스피어의 작품들 중에서 특히 왕권의 탈취와 정치적 암살이 핵심적 사건이 되는 『햄릿』과 『맥베스』와, 사극 중에서는 난세의 풍자극인 『트로일러스와 크레시더』와 『줄리어스 시저』가 그에게 많은 영향을 주었다. 그리고 앞의 네 작품 중에서도 그에게 제일 중요한 작품은 두말할 나위 없이 『햄릿』이었다. 셰익스피어의 『햄릿』은 실로 이상의 많은 작품들, 즉 비정치적 경향의 작품들인 장편소설 『12월 12일』, 시집 『오감도』 「시 제5호」, 단편소설 『지주회사』와, 정치적 경향의 작품들인 단편소설 『실화』, 수필 「슬픈 이야기」, 시 「객혈의 아침」, 시 「출판법」, 시 「파첩」, 시 「정식」, 그리고 메타픽션 (극중 극) 경향의 작품들인 단편소설 『휴업과 사정』, 단편소설 『종생기』, 수필 「슬픈 이야기」 등에 지대한 영향을 끼쳤다. 또한 셰익스피어의 『오셀로』는, 이상의 비정치적 경향의 초기 시 「광녀의 고백」에, 『트로일러스와 크레시더』는 비정치적 경향의 단편소설 『동해』에, 『맥베스』는 정치적 경향의 작품들인 시 「파첩」과 단편소설 『날개』에 영향을 주었다. 한국의 일제 강점기의 천재적 작가였던 이상은 그가 직면한 식민지적 허무주의 또는 패배주의를 초극하기 위하여 고뇌하였으며, 셰익스피어의 작품은 그에게 커다란 영향을 주었고 의미심장했다. 그가 필요로 했던 것은 그의 반체제적 정치 소설 『실화』의 주인공인 “불우(不遇)의 천재”의 신화적 원형으로서의 햄릿이었다. 그것은 매사에 회의적이며 과민한 자의식을 소유하고 우유부단한 사색형의 햄릿이 아니라, 소설 『종생기』의 “위풍당당 일세를 풍미할 만한 참신 무비의 햄릿”이었다. 그는 햄릿을 “참신무비”의 지도자, 혁명의 화신과도 같은 “불우의 영웅”으로 변신시키고자 하였던 것이다. 이상은, 그에게 부단한 영감을 안겨준 셰익스피어의 작품들, 특히 『햄릿』과 함께, 일제 강점기의 허무와 좌절을 극복하기 위해 고군분투했던, 식민지 출신의 “불우의 천재”로서 우리 곁에 영원히 함께 할 것이다.

The Transcription Unit Architecture of Streptomyces lividans TK24

Yongjae LEE,Namil LEE,Yujin JEONG,Soonkyu HWANG,Woori KIM,Suhyung CHO,Bernhard PALSSON,Byung-Kwan CHO 한국생물공학회 2022 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.9

Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes of Acute Multiple Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Fractures : A Comparison of Continuous and Noncontinuous Fractures

Cho, Yongjae,Kim, Young Goo The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2019 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.62 No.6

Objective : The treatment of multiple thoracolumbar spine fractures according to fracture continuity has rarely been reported. Herein we evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of multiple thoracolumbar fractures depending on continuous or noncontinuous status. Methods : From January 2010 to January 2016, 48 patients with acute thoracic and lumbar multiple fractures who underwent posterior fusion surgery were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups (group A : continuous; group B : noncontinuous). We investigated the causes of the injuries, the locations of the injuries, the range of fusion levels, and the functional outcomes based on the patients' general characteristics. Results : A total of 48 patients were enrolled (group A : 25 patients; group B : 23 patients). Both groups had similar pre-surgical clinical and radiologic features. The fusion level included three segments (group A : 4; group B : 5) or four segments (group A : 19; group B : 5). Group B required more instrumented segments than did group A. Group A scored 23.5 and group B scored 33.4 on the Korean Oswestry Disability Index (KODI) at the time of last follow-up. In both groups, longer fusion was associated with worse KODI score. Conclusion : In this study, due to the assumption of similar initial clinical and radiologic features in both group, the mechanism of multiple fractures is presumed to be the same between continuous and noncontinuous fractures. The noncontinuous fracture group had worse KODI scores in long-term follow-up, thought to be due to long fusion level. Therefore, we recommend minimizing the number of segments that are fused in multiple thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures when decompression is not necessary.

Evaluation of Global Sagittal Balance in Koreans Adults

Cho, Yongjae The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2017 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.60 No.5

Objectvie : The global sagittal postural patterns as characterized by Roussouly classification have been previously described in various ethnicities, there were no studies investigated in Koreans. To analyze the distribution of the global sagittal postural patterns in Korean adults using Roussouly classification, the author prospectively studied. Methods : 252 asymptomatic Korean adults was recruited. Data was obtained by reviewing the films for each subject. Spinopelvic parameters were measured and sagittal postural patterns were then determined according to Roussouly classification. We compared the data across different ethnicities from our study and a previous study to further characterize Korean sagittal postures. Results : The subject included 151 males and 101 females, with mean age of $33.2{\pm}8.2years$. The average descriptive results were as below : thoracic kyphosis $28.6{\pm}7.7^{\circ}$, lumbar lordosis $48.3{\pm}10.2^{\circ}$, sacral slope $37.8{\pm}5.8^{\circ}$, pelvic incidence $45.1{\pm}7.5^{\circ}$, pelvic tilt $9.4{\pm}6.7^{\circ}$, spinosacral angle $130.1{\pm}5.4^{\circ}$, and sagittal vertical axis $16.25{\pm}22.5mm$. 125 subjects among 252 (49.6%) belonged to Roussouly type 3 (namely neutral). There were also 58 (23%), 33 (13.1%), and 36 (14.3) subjects in type 1, 2, and 4 (namely non-neutral), respectively. Conclusion : Enrolling 252 asymptomatic Korean adults, this prospective study found that 49.6% of asymptomatic Korean adults possessed a sagittal posture of Roussouly type 3. All radiologic parameters follows general concept of spinal sagittal balance pattern. Overall, this study might be a basis for further investigation of spinal sagittal balance.

Systematic Analysis on Transcription Unit Architecture of Streptomyces avermitilis

Yongjae LEE,Namil LEE,Soonkyu HWANG,Woori KIM,Suhyung CHO,Bernhard O. PALSSON,Byung-Kwan CHO 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Streptomyces avermitilis holds industrial importance as the producer of avermectin, a widely used anthelmintic agent. Despite its importance, S. avermitilis’ genome organization and regulation of gene expression remain poorly understood. To understand the genome-scale gene expression landscape, four types of next-generation sequencing techniques, including dRNA-Seq, Term-Seq, RNA-Seq, and Ribo-Seq, were exploited, determining a total of 1,601 transcription units (TUs) in S. avermitilis. Integrative analysis of the TU information with gene expression datasets revealed diverse regulatory elements, including promoters, ribosome binding sites and transcription terminators. The TU architecture also suggests the presence of novel small RNAs and cis-regulatory elements in the genome. Our findings will elevate S. avermitilis’ potential as a production host for a diverse set of secondary metabolites.

『리어왕』과 『얼음장수 오다』에 나타난 사랑과 죽음과 구원

조용재 ( Cho Yongjae ) 대한영어영문학회 2016 영어영문학연구 Vol.42 No.2

William Shakespeare’s King Lear shows the perplexity of life like death through such figurative expressions as “a wheel of fire” and “the rack of this tough world.” Eugene O’Neill’s The Iceman Cometh is a play on Salesman Hickey’s death and deals with the theme of death brought about by the fact that the self-images, which guide the characters’ lives, turn out to be illusions made by themselves. Hickey in The Iceman Cometh is an iceman who invites the peace of death with him, and another iceman who is not coming yet but breathing hard is the bridegroom who is going to die bravely, that is to say, King Lear in King Lear. The aim of this study is to understand love, death, and salvation between father and daughter, husband and wife, and mother and son in King Lear and The Iceman Cometh. Cordellia's real love for her father, King Lear and Lear's devotional love for his daughter, Cordelia, Evelyn's blind love for her husband, Hickey and Hickey's devotional love for his wife, Evelyn, Parritt's excessive love for his mother, Rosa and Rosa's deficient love for her son, Parritt, and the Christian salvation of Cordellia and Hickey as the symbol of saviour, Christ or the Messiah, all of them, ultimately, can come to perfection through their deaths like an actual sacrifice and downfall. Shakespeare and O'Neill present this love, death, and salvation as an important theme in King Lear and The Iceman Cometh. (Wonkwang University)

‘배후의 힘’의 관점으로부터의 접근: 『오셀로』와 『모든 신의 아이들은 날개가 있다』 읽기

조용재 ( Cho Yongjae ) 대한영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학연구 Vol.41 No.3

The core themes in William Shakespeare’s Othello and Eugene O’Neill’s All God’s Chillun Got Wings are Othello’s and Jim’s alienation as a black, and their marriage between black and white, untolerated by society, for them to recover it, and their hope to belong to the Venice or the white society. ‘Force behind’ is Fate, our biological past creating our present, and Mystery. In Othello the root of ‘Force behind’ is shown as an untolerated marriage between Othello and Desdemona, and done through Iago, and realized by a handkerchief(napkin), and the liberation from the Force is achieved through Othello’s strangling Desdemona and his suicide and Iago’s execution. And in All God’s Chillun Got Wings the root of ‘Force behind’ is shown as an untolerated marriage between Jim and Ella, and done through Mrs. Harris, Hattie, and Ella, and realized by a Congo mask, and the liberation from the Force is achieved through Ella’s murdering the mask and both Jim’s and Ella’s regression to their childhood without racial discrimination. ‘Force behind,’ in appearance, seems a disrupter that brings about discrimination, rejection, confrontation, negation, alienation, disappointment, and death, but it, in reality, is a helper that gives equality, acceptance, reconciliation, affirmation, belongingness, hope, and salvation to us. Shakespeare and O’Neill show such an important theme as ‘Force behind’ in Othello and All God’s Chillun Got Wings. (Wonkwang University)

구원의 어머니상: 유진 오닐의 『이상한 막간극』과 『잘못 태어난 자의 달』 읽기

조용재 ( Cho Yongjae ),권승기 ( Kwon Seungki ) 대한영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학연구 Vol.37 No.2

Eugene O’Neill, through his research of modern man’s conflict and suffering, hoped to find the meaning of existence and salvation. The female characters in his plays have a cold recognition as to the reality and play an important role for the male characters and help them acquire salvation through awakening. Both Nina, a mythologized woman and an active, positive mother in Strange Interlude, through her Life Force, and Josie, a perfect woman god and Earth Mother in A Moon for the Misbegotten, through her pity, forgiveness, and love, lead the male characters of the former, who suffer from mother-complex, and Tyrone of the latter, who suffers from his mental anguish and conflict caused by his mother’s death, to salvation for the return of true reality. Nina and Josie, as a mother and a helper, play a decisive and important role leading the male characters to salvation beyond the tradition and the restriction of mask. Therefore, the female characters, in the long run, enable the male characters to draw hope, brightness, affirmation, victory, and delight from despair, darkness, negation, defeat, and sorrow. (Wonkwang University · Cheongam College)

CMP Slurry 내 나노입자 크기 분포 및 실시간 모니터링 시스템

조용재(Yongjae Cho),강재원(Jaewon Kang),조성민(Seongmin Cho),이유선(Yusun Lee),조민철(Mincheol Cho),노정훈(Jeonghun Noh),이현기(Hyeongi Lee),곽동빈(Dong-bin Kwak) 한국기계가공학회 2025 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2025 No.5