Studies on Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Germplasm of Papaya

JI Wu Zeng,Gan Jun Yi,Qiu Ming Zhang,Bi Rong Zhou,Yuan li Wu,Yonghong Hong Huang 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

On the Review System of Village Regulations and Folk Conventions in China

Wu, ShuRong,Yang, YongHong 중국지역학회 2024 중국지역연구 Vol.11 No.3

마을 규약은 중국 행정촌 또는 자연촌의 주민들이 헌법에 부여된 주민 자치권을 행사하 는 중요한 역할을 한다. 2018년에 개정된 《주민위원회 조직법》 제27조 제2항은 마을 규약 내용의 “규칙 위반 금지”와 “권리 침해 금지”라는 두 가지 금지 법규를 확립하였다. 제3항은 위의 금지 법규를 위반한 마을 규약은 향・민족향・읍의 인민정부에 의해 시정 명령을 받아야 한다고 추가로 규정하고 있다. 이 조항들은 마을 규약 심사의 실체 규칙을 구성한다. 그러나 실체 규칙만 있고 절차 규칙이 없으면 실체 규칙은 법정 절차를 통해 규제 효과를 발휘하기 어렵다. 실무적으로 볼 때, 인민법원은 마을 규약 내용의 합법성을 심사할 권한이 있지만, 그것이 금지 법규를 위반했는지 여부를 심사하는 것은 인민법원의 법적 의무가 아니다. 인민법원은 관련 민사 분쟁과 행정 논쟁을 수리하지 않는다. 이는 마을 규약 생성 메커니즘의 효율성을 저해할 뿐만 아니라 주민 자치의 헌법 이행 효과를 손상시킨다. 따라서 본 논문은 중국 기층 농촌의 마을 규약 심사 현실 문제와 난관을 중심으로, 마을 규약의 준법 심사의 현실적 배경, 준법 심사의 이유와 이중 트랙 심사 제도의 구축을 연구하며, 행정 심사와 사법 심사가 병행되는 보다 체계적인 마을 규약 합법성 심사 메커니즘을 구축할 필요가 있음을 주장한다. 등록 단계에서는 현(구)・향・민족향・읍의 인민정부가 행정 심사를 진행하고, 금지 법규를 위반한 마을 규약을 취소, 변경 또는 재제정 명령을 내린다. 소송 단계에서는 인민법원이 사법 심사를 진행하여 금지 법규를 위반한 마을 규약 내용을 채택하지 않으며, 사법 제안을 통해 관련 인민정부에 제안하여, 관련 인민정부가 법에 따라 처리하도록 한다. Village regulations and folk conventions are an important means through which villagers in Chinese administrative or natural villages exercise the right to self-governance granted by the Constitution. Article 27, Clause 2 of the the Organic Law of the Villagers Committees(2018 version) establishes two prohibitive legal rules: the “Non-Contradiction Rule” and the “Non-Infringement Rule” for the content of village regulations and folk conventions. Clause 3 further stipulates that village regulations and folk conventions violating these prohibitive rules should be rectified by the people's governments of townships, ethnic townships, and towns. These clauses constitute the substantive rules for reviewing village regulations and folk conventions. However, the absence of procedural rules makes it difficult for these substantive rules to effectively function through legal procedures. In practice, although the People's Courts have the authority to review the legality of the content of village regulations and folk conventions, it is not their statutory duty to review whether village regulations and folk conventions violate prohibitive rules. Consequently, the courts do not accept related civil disputes and administrative controversies. This not only undermines the efficacy of the village regulations and folk conventions formation mechanism but also impairs the constitutional implementation of villagers' self-governance. Therefore, this paper focuses on the practical issues and challenges of village regulations and folk conventions review in rural China, exploring the background, rationale, and construction of a dual-track review system for village regulations and folk conventions compliance. It argues for the necessity of establishing a more systematic village regulations and folk conventions legality review mechanism, incorporating both administrative and judicial reviews. More specifically, at the filing stage, the people's governments of counties (districts), townships, ethnic townships, and towns should conduct administrative reviews to annul, alter, or mandate the redrafting of village regulations and folk conventions that violate prohibitive rules. At the litigation stage, the People's Courts should conduct judicial reviews, disregarding village regulations and folk conventions content that violates prohibitive rules, and issue judicial recommendations to the relevant people's governments for lawful handling.

Effects of Huzhangoside C on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Stimulated Colitis in Mice

Limin Chen,Yonghong Zhang,Jinhuang Shen,Ying Wu,Fan Cao,Hongying Hua,Xinhua Ma 한국식품영양과학회 2024 Journal of medicinal food Vol.27 No.1

Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for cancer. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronicinflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, ultimately leading to a breakdown of intestinal barrier function. Clematisflorida var. plena is a folk prescription used to treat inflammation and rheumatism in She pharmacy. The bioactivity of C. florida var. plena is primarily due to triterpene saponins. Huzhangoside C (HZ) is an active component of C. florida var. plena. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of HZ on a mouse colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) wasinvestigated. Result indicated a notable reduction in body weight loss and colon length shortening in HZ-mediated micecompared to DSS-stimulated control mice. Furthermore, inflammatory signaling mechanisms involving interleukin-6 andtumor necrosis factor-a were suppressed in HZ-treated mice. HZ treatment significantly suppressed the expression of nuclearfactor kappa B (NF-jB), STAT3, and iNOS in colon tissue. After HZ treatment, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels weresignificantly decreased, while Nrf-2, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione expression levels were notably improved. Theresult indicated that HZ could activate the Nrf-2 signal cascade, inhibit the expression of NF-jB, eNOS, and STAT3, andenhance the intestinal barrier function of DSS stimulated ulcerative colitis intestinal injury. The results suggest that HZ ispotential anti-inflammatory agent for treating IBD.

A Closed-Loop D-Type Iterative Learning Control for Electro- Hydraulic Position Servo Systems with Uncertainties

Suolin Duan,Yonghong Wu,Zhenghua Ma,Guirong Lu 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

In this paper a discrete closed-loop D-type iterative learning control (ILC) scheme for the electrohydraulic position servo systems with parameter uncertainties is presented. The conditions which guarantee the convergence of the algorithm are given and the convergence is proved. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented D-type ILC algorithm for the discretization electrohydraulic position servo systems with parameter uncertainties.

Blow-up and global solutions for some parabolic systems under nonlinear boundary conditions

Limin Guo,Lishan Liu,Yonghong Wu,Yu-mei Zou 대한수학회 2019 대한수학회지 Vol.56 No.4

In this paper, blows-up and global solutions for a class of nonlinear divergence form parabolic equations with the abstract form of $(\varrho(u))_{t}$ and time dependent coefficients are considered. The conditions are established for the existence of a solution globally and also the conditions are established for the blow up of the solution at some finite time. Moreover, the lower bound and upper bound of the blow-up time are derived if blow-up occurs.

The characteristic of the synonymous codon usage and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus

Xiaoming Qi,Chaojun Wei,Yonghong Li,Yu Wu,Hui Xu,Rui Guo,Yanjuan Jia,Zhenhao Li,Zhenhong Wei,Wanxia Wang,Jing Jia,Yuanting Li,Anqi Wang,Xiaoling Gao 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.7

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a crucial medical issue worldwide. The dependence of HBV replication on host cell machineries and their co-evolutionary interactions prompt the codon usage pattern of viral genes to translation selection and mutation pressure. Objective The evolutionary characteristics of HBV and the natural selection effects of the human genome on the codon usage characteristics were analyzed to provide a basis for medication development for HBV infection. Methods The codon usage pattern of sequences from different HBV genotypes of our isolates and reference HBV genome sequences downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were analyzed by computing the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), nucleotide content, codon adaptation index (CAI) and the effective number of codons (ENC). Results The highest ENC values were observed in the C genotypes, followed by the B genotypes. The ENC values indicated a weak codon usage bias (CUB) in HBV genome. The number of codons differentially used between the three genotypes was markedly higher than that of similarly used codons. High CAI values indicated a good adaptability of HBV to its host. The ENC plot indicated the occurrence of mutational pressure in the three genotypes. The mean Ka/Ks ratios in the three genotypes were lower than 1, which indicated a negative selection pressure. The CAI and GC3% plot indicated the existence of CUB in the HBV genome. Conclusions Nucleotide composition, mutation bias, negative selection and mutational pressure are key factors influencing the CUB and phylogenetic diversity in HBV genotypes. The data provided here could be useful for developing drugs for HBV infection.

BLOW-UP AND GLOBAL SOLUTIONS FOR SOME PARABOLIC SYSTEMS UNDER NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Guo, Limin,Liu, Lishan,Wu, Yonghong,Zou, Yumei Korean Mathematical Society 2019 대한수학회지 Vol.56 No.4

In this paper, blows-up and global solutions for a class of nonlinear divergence form parabolic equations with the abstract form of $({\varrho}(u))_t$ and time dependent coefficients are considered. The conditions are established for the existence of a solution globally and also the conditions are established for the blow up of the solution at some finite time. Moreover, the lower bound and upper bound of the blow-up time are derived if blow-up occurs.

Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses reveal significant changes in chloroplasts and mitochondria of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) during Sclerotium rolfsii infection

Liao Hongdong,Wen Xiangyu,Deng Xuelei,Wu Yonghong,Xu Jianping,Li Xin,Zhou Shudong,Li Xuefeng,Zhu Chunhui,Luo Feng,Ma Yanqing,Zheng Jingyuan 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.5

Infection by Sclerotium rolfsii will cause serious disease and lead to significant economic losses in chili pepper. In this study, the response of pepper during S. rolfsii infection was explored by electron microscopy, physiological determination and integrated proteome and metabolome analyses. Our results showed that the stomata of pepper stems were important portals for S. rolfsii infection. The plant cell morphology was significantly changed at the time of the fungal hyphae just contacting (T1) or surrounding (T2) the pepper. The chlorophyll, carotenoid, and MDA contents and the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT were markedly upregulated at T1 and T2. Approximately 4129 proteins and 823 metabolites were clearly identified in proteome and metabolome analyses, respectively. A change in 396 proteins and 54 metabolites in pepper stem tissues was observed at T1 compared with 438 proteins and 53 metabolites at T2. The proteins and metabolites related to photosynthesis and antioxidant systems in chloroplasts and mitochondria were disproportionally affected by S. rolfsii infection, impacting carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. This study provided new insights into the response mechanism in pepper stems during S. rolfsii infection, which can guide future work on fungal disease resistance breeding in pepper.

High yields and soluble expression of superoxide dismutases in Escherichia coli due to the HIV-1 Tat peptide via increases in mRNA transcription

Yangdong Sun,Qiao Ye,Min Wu,Yonghong Wu,Chenggang Zhang,Weiqun Yan 생화학분자생물학회 2016 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.48 No.-

This study aimed to validate the high yield and soluble expression of proteins carrying the transactivator of transcription (Tat) peptide tag, and further explored the potential mechanism by which the Tat tag increases expression. Escherichia coli superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins, including SodA, SodB and SodC, were selected for analysis. As expected, the yields and the solubility of Tat-tagged proteins were higher than those of Tat-free proteins, and similar results were observed for the total SOD enzyme activity. Bacterial cells that overexpressed Tat-tagged proteins exhibited increased anti-paraquat activity compared with those expressing Tat-free proteins that manifested as SodA4SodC4SodB. When compared with an MG1655 wild-type strain, the growth of a ΔSodA mutant strain was found to be inhibited after paraquat treatment; the growth of ΔSodB and ΔSodC mutant strains was also slightly inhibited. The mRNA transcript level of genes encoding Tat-tagged proteins was higher than that of genes encoding Tat-free proteins. Furthermore, the α-helix and turn of Tat-tagged proteins were higher than those of Tat-free proteins, but the β-sheet and random coil content was lower. These results indicated that the incorporation of the Tat core peptide as a significant basic membrane transduction peptide in fusion proteins could increase mRNA transcripts and promote the high yield and soluble expression of heterologous proteins in E. coli.

Multiconsensus of Second Order Multiagent Systems with Directed Topologies

Guang-Song Han,Zhi-Hong Guan,Xin-Ming Cheng,Yonghong Wu,Feng Liu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2013 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.11 No.6

A novel multiconsensus problem is introduced in multiagent systems. The states of multiple agents in each subnetwork asymptotically converge to a consistent value with information exchanges among subnetworks. The multiconsensus problem of second order multiagent systems with directed topologies is studied. Three linear protocols are proposed to solve the multiconsensus problem. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived based on matrix theory. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.