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Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Primary Gallbladder Carcinoma: Estrogen Receptors
Zhang, Ling-Qiang,Zhang, Xiu-De,Xu, Jia,Wan, Yong,Qu, Kai,Zhang, Jing-Yao,Wang, Zhi-Xin,Wei, Ji-Chao,Meng, Fan-Di,Tai, Ming-Hui,Zhou, Lei,Liu, Chang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4
Gallbladder carcinoma, the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract system, has always been considered to feature late clinical presentation and diagnosis, limited treatment options and an extremely poor prognosis. In recent years, while the incidence of gallbladder cancer has appeared to be on the increase, the available treatment methods have not greatly improved survival of the affected patients. Thus, exploring new therapeutic targets for this devastating disease is an urgent matter at present. Epidemical studies have demonstrated that the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma exhibits a distinct gender bias, affecting females two to three times more than males, pointing to crucial roles of estrogen. It is well known that estrogen acts on target tissues by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs), which are mainly divided into three subtypes, $ER{\alpha}$, $ER{\beta}$ and $ER{\gamma}$. $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ appear to have overlapping but also unique even opposite biological effects. As important pathogenic mediators, ERs have been considered to relate to several kinds of tumors. In gallbladder carcinoma tissue, ERs have been shown to be positively expressed, and ERs expression levels are associated with differentiation and prognosis of this cancer. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of estrogen inducing growth of gallbladder carcinoma remain poorly understood. On the base of the current investigations, we deduce that estrogen participates in promotion of gallbladder carcinoma by influencing the formation of gallstones, stimulating angiogenesis, and promoting abnormal proliferation. Since ERs mediate the carcinogenic actions of estrogen in gallbladder, and therapy targeting ERs may provide new directions for gallbladder carcinoma. Therefore, it should be stressed that ERs are potential therapeutic targets for gallbladder carcinoma.
MR T1 Image Segmentation of a Prostate Based on Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution
Yong-de Zhang,Jing-chun Peng,Gang Liu,Jin-gang Jiang,Yan-jiang Zhao 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.7
Prostate segmentation from MRI is a necessary first step and plays an important role in clinical decision making process. A MR T1 Image segmentation method of the prostate based on distance regularized level set evolution (DRLSE) is proposed. To smooth the prostate image to reduce the noise, a preprocessed prostate image with Gaussian kernel and get an edge indicator is convolved. We construct an energy function with a distance regularization term and an external energy term containing the edge indicator and minimize it by solving the gradient flow which can be implemented with a finite difference scheme. In segmentation experiments, the impact of parameters λ , μ , α and ε in DRLSE model on the image segmentation is analyzed, and an optimal value of these parameters is given. The experiment results confirm the effectiveness of the MRI segmentation method of prostate for different situation of different patients.
Study on Springback Properties of Different Orthodontic Archwires in Archwire Bending Process
Jiang Jin-gang,Wang Zhao,Zhang Yong-de,Jiang Ji-xiong,Niu Suo-liang,Liu Yi 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.12
The archwire bending is one of processes the most frequently used in the orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, the springback of sheet metal, which is defined as elastic recovery of the part during unloading, should be taken into consideration so as to produce formed archwire within acceptable tolerance limits. In this paper, the springback angle of different alloy archwires (including NiTi alloy wire, Beta-Ti alloy wires, Chinese stainless steel wires, and Australian stainless steel wires) were performed by the theoretical calculation based on large deformation theory and the finite element analysis. A series of numerical simulations has been conducted for the bending test, which physically simulates the actual bending of alloy archwire with a robotic apparatus. The finite element analysis of springback is shown to be very consistent with the theoretical calculation results.
Neural Direct Adaptive Active Disturbance Rejection Controller for Electro-hydraulic Servo System
De-Yi Zhang,Song-Yong Liu,Yi Chen,Cong-Cong Gu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.7
This paper develops a neural direct adaptive active disturbance rejection controller for the electrohydraulic servo system (EHSS). EHSS in the construction mining machinery is a high-order nonlinear system with uncertainties and heavy external disturbance, which challenges the controller. The proposed control scheme, integrating neural direct adaptive controller and linear extended state observer (LESO), is designed based EHSS’s reduced-order model. The stronger robustness and the improved tracking performance can be expected by using LESO to compensate for remaining uncertainties. In addition, the rationality of reduced-order model and the stability of the proposed controller are proved. Comparative simulation results show that the controller has an excellent position tracking performance.
The Effect of Transformation on the Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Zhang Xue-Mei,Yin Yi-Bing,Zhu Dan,Chen Bao-De,Luo Jin-Yong,Deng Vi-Ping,Liu Ming-Fang,Chen Shu-Hui,Meng Jiang-Ping,Lan Kai,Huang Yuan-Shuai,Kang Ge-Fei The Microbiological Society of Korea 2005 The journal of microbiology Vol.43 No.4
Although pneumococcus is one of the most frequently encountered opportunistic pathogen in the world, the mechanisms responsible for its infectiveness have not yet been fully understood. In this paper, we have attempted to characterize the effects of pneumococcal transformation on the pathogenesis of the organism. We constructed three transformation-deficient pneumococcal strains, which were designated as Nos. 1d, 2d, and 22d. The construction of these altered strains was achieved via the insertion of the inactivated gene, comE, to strains 1, 2 and 22. We then conducted a comparison between the virulence of the transformation-deficient strains and that of the wild-type strains, via an evaluation of the ability of each strain to adhere to endothelial cells, and also assessed psaA mRNA expression, and the survival of hosts after bacterial challenge. Compared to what was observed with the wild-type strains, our results indicated that the ability of all of the transformation-deficient strains to adhere to the ECV304 cells had been significantly reduced (p < 0.05), the expression of psaA mRNA was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in strains 2d and 22d, and the median survival time of mice infected with strains Id and 2d was increased significantly after intraperitoneal bacterial challenge (p < 0.05). The results of our study also clearly indicated that transformation exerts significant effects on the virulence characteristics of S. pneumoniae, although the degree to which this effect is noted appears to depend primarily on the genetic background of the bacteria.
Yong Feng He,Qiong Ying Tang,Jian Wei Wang,Huan Zhang Liu,De Qing Tan 한국유전학회 2008 Genes & Genomics Vol.30 No.3
Procypris rabaudi (Tchang) is a cyprinid fish endemic to middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Besides in main stream and large tributaries, there exists an early matured, small-sized ecological type in a small tributary, Tang River. In this study, mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene sequence analysis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were performed to investigate the differentiation of the Tang River population from the Mudong reach population of the Yangtze River, with the purpose of conservation and exploitation of this fish. In the 1140 bps of cyt b gene sequence surveyed, 20 sites were found polymorphic, which defined 23 haplotypes. Among them, four haplotypes accounted for 54.4% of all individuals, while population-specific haplotypes occurred in low frequencies. Analysis of molecular variation on cyt b data revealed no significant partition existing between Tang River population and Mudong reach population. Analyses of 132 RAPD loci suggested that genetic variation between populations was significant, though values of different FST were not very high. The results revealed low genetic diversity and the beginning of population differentiation, suggesting that Tang River population should be designated as a separate Management Unit.
( De Cai Jin ),( Ren Xing Liang ),( Qin Yun Dai ),( Rui Yong Zhang ),( Xue Liu Wu ),( Wei Liang Chao ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.10
Rhodococcus sp. JDC-11, capable of utilizing di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) as the sole source of carbon and energy, was isolated from sewage sludge and confirmed mainly based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The optimum pH, temperature, and agitation rate for DBP degradation by Rhodococcus sp. JDC-11 were 8.0, 30oC, and 175 rpm, respectively. In addition, low concentrations of glucose were found to inhibit the degradation of DBP, whereas high concentrations of glucose increased its degradation. Meanwhile, a substrate utilization test showed that JDC- 11 was also able to utilize other phthalates. The major metabolites of DBP degradation were identified as monobutyl phthalate and phthalic acid by gas chromatographymass spectrometry, allowing speculation on the tentative metabolic pathway of DBP degradation by Rhodococcus sp. JDC-11. Using a set of new degenerate primers, a partial sequence of the 3,4-phthalate dioxygenase gene was obtained from JDC-11. Moreover, a sequence analysis revealed that the phthalate dioxygenase gene of JDC-11 was highly homologous to the large subunit of the phthalate dioxygenase from Rhodococcus coprophilus strain G9.
Prognostic Value of Phosphorylated mTOR/RPS6KB1 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Zhang, Yong,Ni, Huan-Juan,Cheng, De-Yun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6
Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) /RPS6KB1 activation has recently been implicated in tumour development, but its role in lung cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of mTOR/RPS6KB1 signaling pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and its downstream ribosomal phosphorylated RPS6KB1 (p-RPS6KB1) in NSCLC patients. We also analyzed p-mTOR/p-RPS6KB1 protein expression in 45 fresh NSCLC tissues using Western blotting. Results: The expression level of p-mTOR and p-RPS6KB1 was significantly higher in NSCLC tumor specimens than that in adjacent noncancerous normal lung tissues (P<0.01). p-mTOR expression correlated with p-RPS6KB1. Furthermore, high expression level of p-mTOR or p-RPS6KB1 in NSCLC was associated with a shorter overall survival (both P<0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated high level of p-mTOR expression was an independent prognostic factor (HR=2.642, 95%CI 1.157-4.904, p=0.002). Conclusions: p-mTOR and p-RPS6KB1 could be useful prognostic markers for NSCLC.