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가정 학습 과제의 내용과 그 처치에 관한 분석적 연구 : 산수과와 자연과 and Its Treatment
송환용,신순임,이용화,신경자,강태완 춘천교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1978 과학교육연구 Vol.5 No.-
We aimed at in this paper analyzing the content of homework in arithmetic and science education in elementary school, and finding out teacher’s guiding direction and student’s solving trend of it. The results are as follows: 1. Homework is given similarly by the ratio of the problem in textbook of the assigned school hours of the subject. 2. Teachers demand sincerity of the students in solving their problems, but they seem to negiect further direction. 3. Students are keen on solving the problems and think that it gives them great help for their learning. 4. It will be more effective for the teachers to make out the homework jointly rather than individually.
Failure Cost와 Life Cycle Cost를 고려한 연속시스템에 대한 최적 장치 선택에 관한 연구
진상화,김용하,송희열,여영구,김인원 한국안전학회 2004 한국안전학회지 Vol.19 No.4
In this study, the required life cycle cost is evaluated in consideration of the equipment's availability during its life cycle. In order to meet the maximum availability required by the process, the failure cost and life cycle cost is assessed, The optimal equipment selection method is presented according to the analysis of the failure cost and life cycle cost. For the systems in which equipments are connected serially, the optimal equipments are selected by minimizing the life cycle cost and satisfying the required system availability goal. In addition, the selection methods and life cycle cost are analyzed according to the cost variation of the equipment. By using the life cycle evaluation procedure, the failure cost and maintenance cost needed during the life cycle of the equipment can be presented.
Sequence sampling에 의한 단결정(Al_2O_3) 성장 제어
조현섭,송용화,민병조 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2000 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2000 No.1
It is a quite quality concerning to control temperature of single crystalline it does when you get most of heat treating products. It is also important control temperature when you make the Al203(single crystalline) used to jewels, glass of watches, heat resistant transparent glasses. Thus, it is a ma, to get the proper temperature in accordance with the time process while making mixture of oxygen and hydrogen to have the right temperature. In we will study of electrical valve positioning system for the gas mixture to im quality of products.
409 Stainless steel muffler의 pitting corrosion 발생 원인 규명
서도수,송용화,김흥식 울산대학교 2002 공학연구논문집 Vol.33 No.2
머플러의 재질은 배기 온도의 고온화와 배기가스 정화 시스템 부착에 따른 내열성 및 내식성이 우수한 재료가 요구되며, 현재 사용 중에 있는 배기계용 재료에는 알루미늄 도급 강판, 스테인레스 409L, STS 436 등이 있는데, 각 재료는 품질 특성 및 수명이 고려되어 배기계 재료의 여러 부위의 요구 조건에 맞게 선택되어 적용되고 있다 경제적인 이유로 인하여 스테인레스 409L을 많이 사용하고 있는데 일부 차종에서는 단시간내에 안쪽 부분에서 피트(pit)가 발생하여 관통되는 사례가 빈번하게 발생되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 머플러의 부식원인을 규명하기 위해 부식이 진행되어 관통되어진 소음기를 수거하여 FE-SEM으로 관찰분석하고, 409 스테인레스 강을 염수분무실험을 통하여 소음기 부식원인을 규명하였다.
상아질 결합제의 종류와 처리방법에 따른 전단결합강도와 상아질-레진 결합계면 미세구조에 관한 연구
임창하,이용렬,정영화,송호준,박영준 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.1
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentin bonding agents (DBA) with the variations of the bonding system generations (4^th, 5^th and 6^th) and application methods by comparing the shear bond strengths (SBS) which were determined 24 h after application and dentin-adhesive interface microstructure. It was also aimed to suggest the theoretical clues for the adequate use of each bonding systems. The parameters were 1) generation of bonding systems (one product of 4^th, eight products of 5^th, and three products of 6^th generation), 2) moisture condition of the dentin surface after acid conditioning (moist group vs. dry group), 3) solvent type of the primers (three acetone-based, one acetone/ethanol-based, two water/ethanol-based, four water-based, one ethanol-based, one water/acetone-based), and 4) type of etchants (seven with phosphoric acid, three with self-etching primer, and one with 10-3 etchant). The results were as follows; One-bottle adhesives had comparable shear bond strengths compared to multiple component bonding agents, and some showed even higher results. Single Bond had the highest SBS value (20.6 ㎫) in the moist subgroup. For 4th and 5th generation DBAs, except for Mac Bond Ⅱ, all bonding systems showed lower SBS when dentin became desiccated after the conditioning-rinsing step, and generally shorter resin tags were produced in dry condition. Acetone-based adhesives generally showed better penetrability into dentinal tubules, and tended to be more sensitive to the degree of dentin dampness compared to those of the ethanol- or water-based adhesives. With Mac Bond Ⅱ which uses a self-etching primer, even though the hybrid layer was thin with a thickness of 1∼2 μ m, SBS was comparatively high. In the case of 6^th generation DBAs, Prompt L-Pop showed significantly lower SBS to dentin (7.4 ㎫) compared to those of AQ bond (13.3 ㎫) and One-Up Bond F (13.1 ㎫)(p<0.05). The hybrid layer was thin with a thickness of about 1μ m. In the case of AQ bond and One-Up Bond F, dentinal tubules were relatively well sealed. In the case of Prompt L-Pop, on the other hand, some of the dentinal tubules were not completely sealed, and fractured resin tags and separation between the hybrid layer and composite resin were observed. In the case of AQ bond, about 15μ m-thick resin layer was formed and many of the adhesive resin tags could not penetrate deep into the dentinal tubules. In the case of One-Up Bond F, many resin tags which are more than 50μ m-long were formed, but short penetration was also seen in some tubules. It is concluded that even though resin tag formation contributes in some extent for the bond strength, sufficient penetration of the adhesive resin to the exposed collagen meshwork and complete curing there in, and having sufficient strength to withstand the stress caused by the polymerization shrinkage during the light curing is essential for the success of the bonding procedure.
수술적으로 치료한 통증을 동반한 흉추부의 후외상성 Schmorl씨 결절 : 2례 보고 Report of Two Cases
신병준,이재철,송화용,정석봉,권계원,조영일,김연일 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2
Study Design : Two patients who had painful Schmorl's node at thoracic level from acute trauma were adopted and taken operation for its treatment Objectives : To document the effect of operation for the treatment of painful Schmorl's node at thoracic level summary of background data : Schrmorl's nodes are common spinal lesion generally believed to be asymptomatic, but in some cases there were painful symptom by Schmorl's node. This case report is to explain the effect of operative treatment for the painful Schmorl's node. Methods : Two patients were adopted who had traumatic painful Schmorl's node at thoracic level for our case report. They were treated conservative methods at first but it's effect were poor, so they were taken anterior decompression and fusion, and checked back pain symptom. Result : In all two patients, the symptom of back pain by Schmorl's nodes at thoracic level was almost subsided. conclusion : For the treatment of traumatic painful Schmorl's node, most of surgeon says that conservative treatments were treatment of choice, but operative treatments are also benefit to subsidence of back pain by Schmorl's node.