Micro-Expression Recognition Base on Optical Flow Features and Improved MobileNetV2

( Wei Xu ),( Hao Zheng ),( Zhongxue Yang ),( Yingjie Yang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.6

When a person tries to conceal emotions, real emotions will manifest themselves in the form of micro-expressions. Research on facial micro-expression recognition is still extremely challenging in the field of pattern recognition. This is because it is difficult to implement the best feature extraction method to cope with micro-expressions with small changes and short duration. Most methods are based on hand-crafted features to extract subtle facial movements. In this study, we introduce a method that incorporates optical flow and deep learning. First, we take out the onset frame and the apex frame from each video sequence. Then, the motion features between these two frames are extracted using the optical flow method. Finally, the features are inputted into an improved MobileNetV2 model, where SVM is applied to classify expressions. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the method, we conduct experiments on the public spontaneous micro-expression database CASME II. Under the condition of applying the leave-one-subject-out cross-validation method, the recognition accuracy rate reaches 53.01%, and the F-score reaches 0.5231. The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the micro-expression recognition performance.

Class Φ₂ DC-DC converter with PWM on-off control

Bo Song,Xu Yang,Yingjie He 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

This paper presents a very high frequency dc-dc converter based on class Φ₂ inverter and PWM on-off control is selected as the control strategy. Class Φ₂ resonant inverter can provide a lower switch voltage stress than class E inverter. Besides, a two-stage resonant gate driver is also introduced, which provides low gating losses and is suited for very high frequency applications. In addition, PWM on-off control is used to modulate the converter at a fixed frequency so that there is only designed frequency content at output voltage. The prototype dc-dc converter operating at 30㎒ provides 107W and closed-loop peak efficiency is 70% during input voltage range of 35V-47V when output voltage is regulated at 73V.

Long-circulating siRNA nanoparticles for validating Prohibitin1-targeted non-small cell lung cancer treatment

Zhu, Xi,Xu, Yingjie,Solis, Luisa M.,Tao, Wei,Wang, Liangzhe,Behrens, Carmen,Xu, Xiaoyang,Zhao, Lili,Liu, Danny,Wu, Jun,Zhang, Ning,Wistuba, Ignacio I.,Farokhzad, Omid C.,Zetter, Bruce R.,Shi, Jinjun National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.25

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>This study developed a new generation lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticle platform for effective systemic delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumors, which represents a challenging hurdle for the widespread application of RNA interference (RNAi) in cancer research and therapy. With promising in vivo features such as long blood circulation, high tumor accumulation, and effective gene silencing, the hybrid siRNA nanoparticles were successfully used to reveal and validate a putative therapeutic target, Prohibitin1 (PHB1), in non-small cell lung cancer treatment. In vivo antitumor efficacy results and human tissue microarray analysis further suggested the feasibility of utilizing PHB1 siRNA nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic agent. This hybrid RNAi nanoparticle platform may serve as a valuable tool for validating potential cancer targets and developing new cancer therapies.</P><P>RNA interference (RNAi) represents a promising strategy for identification and validation of putative therapeutic targets and for treatment of a myriad of important human diseases including cancer. However, the effective systemic in vivo delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumors remains a formidable challenge. Using a robust self-assembly strategy, we develop a unique nanoparticle (NP) platform composed of a solid polymer/cationic lipid hybrid core and a lipid-poly(ethylene glycol) (lipid-PEG) shell for systemic siRNA delivery. The new generation lipid–polymer hybrid NPs are small and uniform, and can efficiently encapsulate siRNA and control its sustained release. They exhibit long blood circulation (<I>t</I><SUB>1/2</SUB> ∼8 h), high tumor accumulation, effective gene silencing, and negligible in vivo side effects. With this RNAi NP, we delineate and validate the therapeutic role of Prohibitin1 (PHB1), a target protein that has not been systemically evaluated in vivo due to the lack of specific and effective inhibitors, in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as evidenced by the drastic inhibition of tumor growth upon PHB1 silencing. Human tissue microarray analysis also reveals that high PHB1 tumor expression is associated with poorer overall survival in patients with NSCLC, further suggesting PHB1 as a therapeutic target. We expect this long-circulating RNAi NP platform to be of high interest for validating potential cancer targets in vivo and for the development of new cancer therapies.</P>

A detailed study of physicochemical properties and microstructure of EmimCl-EG deep eutectic solvents: Their influence on SO2 absorption behavior

Jiahong Zhu,Yingjie Xu,Xiao Feng,Xiao Zhu 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.67 No.-

To get a better understanding of the effect of physicochemical properties and microstructure on SO2 absorption behavior of DESs with different molar ratios of EmimCl and EG (from 2:1 to 1:2), densities (ρ), viscosities (η), speeds of sound (u), refractive indices (nD), and thermal decomposition temperatures (Td) of EmimCl-EG DESs were measured and used to obtain the other derived properties, such as thermal expansion coefficient (αp) and activation energy for viscous flow (Eη). Moreover, FT-IR spectra and in situ variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy were employed to study the microstructures of DESs. Based on physicochemical and spectroscopic properties, the influence of the concentrations of EmimCl on the interactions in DESs was explored to be associated with their SO2 absorption behavior. The results show that the interactions between Emim+ and Cl− of EmimCl is gradually weakening with increasing the concentration of EG in DESs by forming of hydrogen bond interaction of OH⋯Cl−, resulting in a decrease of ρ, η, u, nD, and Td of DESs, and hindering the charge–transfer interaction of SO2 with Cl− and deceasing SO2 capture capacity. Moreover, the SO2 absorption capacity of DESs is proportional to their ρ and Eη, respectively.

Measurement of Intra-Fraction Displacement of the Mediastinal Metastatic Lymph Nodes Using Four-Dimensional CT in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Suzhen Wang,Jianbin Li,Yingjie Zhang,Wei Wang,Fengxiang Li,Tingyong Fan,Min Xu,Qian Shao 대한영상의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.13 No.4

Objective: To measure the intra-fraction displacements of the mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes by using four-dimensional CT (4D-CT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with NSCLC, who were to be treated by using three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), underwent a 4D-CT simulation during free breathing. The mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes were delineated on the CT images of 10 phases of the breath cycle. The lymph nodes were grouped as the upper, middle and lower mediastinal groups depending on the mediastinal regions. The displacements of the center of the lymph node in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions were measured. Results: The mean displacements of the center of the mediastinal lymph node in the LR, AP, and SI directions were 2.24 mm, 1.87 mm, and 3.28 mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the displacements in the SI and LR, and the SI and AP directions (p < 0.05). For the middle and lower mediastinal lymph nodes, the displacement difference between the AP and SI was statistically significant (p = 0.005; p = 0.015), while there was no significant difference between the LR and AP directions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The metastatic mediastinal lymph node movements are different in the LR, AP, and SI directions in patients with NSCLC, particularly for the middle and lower mediastinal lymph nodes. The spatial non-uniform margins should be considered for the metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes in involved-field radiotherapy. Objective: To measure the intra-fraction displacements of the mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes by using four-dimensional CT (4D-CT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients with NSCLC, who were to be treated by using three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), underwent a 4D-CT simulation during free breathing. The mediastinal metastatic lymph nodes were delineated on the CT images of 10 phases of the breath cycle. The lymph nodes were grouped as the upper, middle and lower mediastinal groups depending on the mediastinal regions. The displacements of the center of the lymph node in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions were measured. Results: The mean displacements of the center of the mediastinal lymph node in the LR, AP, and SI directions were 2.24 mm, 1.87 mm, and 3.28 mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the displacements in the SI and LR, and the SI and AP directions (p < 0.05). For the middle and lower mediastinal lymph nodes, the displacement difference between the AP and SI was statistically significant (p = 0.005; p = 0.015), while there was no significant difference between the LR and AP directions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The metastatic mediastinal lymph node movements are different in the LR, AP, and SI directions in patients with NSCLC, particularly for the middle and lower mediastinal lymph nodes. The spatial non-uniform margins should be considered for the metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes in involved-field radiotherapy.

Blood lipids and all-cause mortality among old people: the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey 2008-2018

Wang Rongxi,Yu Xiaoyue,Wang Zhiqiang,Liu Yujie,Chen Hui,Liu Shangbin,XU CHENG,Chen Yingjie,Xia Danni,Ge Xin,Chang Ruijie,Xu Gang,Xiang Mi,Wang Ying,Shen Tian,Hu Fan,Cai Yong 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Proper blood lipid levels are essential for survival in older adults, but inconsistent relationships have been reported between blood lipids and all-cause mortality in the elderly. METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal study analyzed data from 1,067 Chinese older adults enrolled in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey collected in 2008 and followed up until death or December 31, 2018. The outcome was allcause mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with stratification by age (60-80, 80-100, or ≥ 100 years) for further analysis. The survival probability according to lipid profile quartiles was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. RESULTS: The participants’ mean age was 84.84 years, and 57.0% were female. In total, 578 individuals died, and 277 were lost to follow-up. The mean total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were higher among those who died than among those who survived. Participants in the second HDL-C quartile and the highest LDL-C and triglyceride (TG) quartiles had 28% higher, 23% lower, and 49% lower risks of all-cause mortality, respectively. After further adjustment, the associations remained except for HDL-C, and additional associations were observed between all-cause mortality and the third TC and LDL-C quartiles and the second TG quartile (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.06; HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.94; HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.99, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults should maintain an LDL-C level of 1.91-2.47 mmol/L and a TG level of no less than 1.66 mmol/L.

Dark Structures in Sunspot Light Bridges

Zhang, Jingwen,Tian, Hui,Solanki, Sami K.,Wang, Haimin,Peter, Hardi,Ahn, Kwangsu,Xu, Yan,Zhu, Yingjie,Cao, Wenda,He, Jiansen,Wang, Linghua American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.865 No.1