이이李珥와 정약용丁若鏞의 사회개혁사상

이동인(Yi Dong-In) 동양사회사상학회 2004 사회사상과 문화 Vol.10 No.-

정약용丁若鏞은 이이李珥로부터 약 200여 년이 지난 시기에 살았다. 따라서두 사람이 살던 시대의 사회적 현실과 사상의 흐름은 상당한 차이를 보인다. 또한 학맥으로 보아도 이 두 사람을 직접 연결짓기는 어렵다. 그러나 두 사람의 사회개혁사상을 비교 연구하는 것은 나름대로 뜻이 있다고 여겨진다. 두 사람 모두 당대의 뛰어난 학자이며 사회개혁에 뜻을 두었다는 점을 감안할 때 두 사람의 사상을 분석하면 달라진 사회현실이 어떻게 사상에 반영되는지를 알 수 있다. 이이와 정약용을 떠나서 조선 중기와 후기의 사회개혁사상을 논하는 것은 아마도 무의미할 것이다. 필자는 이 논문에서 이들 두 학자의 개혁사상이 갖는 유사점과 차이점을 살펴보고, 나아가 사회현실의 변화가 사회사상에 어떻게 반영되었는지를 살펴본다. In this research we made a comparative study on the thoughts of Yi, Ih(李珥) and Jeong, Yak-yong(丁若鏞), focusing on their ideas of social reform. Our findings are: 1) The basic ideas and concepts of social reform of these two scholars are very similar, leaving the possibility open that the reformative ideas of Yi remains a model in the thoughts of Jeong. 2) Many minor differences between the reformative ideas of the two in fact reflect the socio-economic changes that happened after Yi's time. 3) Still we found some significant differences in the approaches to the social reform, such as found in the theories of land-reform. The last point is that: Yi's theories of reform were always practicable and reformative while those of Jeong were sometimes not easy to put in practice and quite revolutionary in nature.

重峯 趙 憲의 歷史意識과 國難對策

李東俊 同德女子大學校 1976 同大論叢 Vol.6 No.1

Cho Hun(趙憲, 1544-1592) is commonly known as a general of the civilian army in the Seven Year War of Japanese Invasion, or as a commander of the “Righteous Army”(義兵) to repel the Japanese Invaders in 1592, who died in the battle of Kum San with 700 “Righteous Scholars”, after restoring Chung Ju. He was, however, not merely a courageous soldier but a person of vision and foresight as well as a great scholar. As he said, he was engaged in the Learning of the Way(道學) and belonged to the school of Korean New-Confucianism of the 16th century, succeeding the philosophical tradition formed by Cho Kwang Cho, Yi Hwang and Yi Yi. He was themodel man who did not separate practice from theory and revealed in his action the ideology as such. It was why he could perform the correct and all covering prognosis and diagnosis of the Japanese Invasion. Toyotomi Hideyoshi having almost unified Japan that had been in the age of war for a century, would try to conquer the Asian world including Korea, China and even India. He sent envoys oftentimes and also demanded Korean delegates. The then government of Korea was embarrased and not decisive. Ho Hun, with his correct historic sense, had already begun to warn the government, sine 5 years before the war, of the possibilities of Japanese invasion and urged to refuse the Japanese demands. He definitelydeclared that Japan would invade and suggested problems as these: A. Hideyoshi's reason for sending envoys to Korea was, on one hand, to gain the international approval of his new government, which would promote the Japanese domestic stability; on the other hand, to investigate the geographic situation of Korea and spy the political conditions, which was to lead his aggression successfully. Another thing was his plot to alienate Korea from china (ming) and make her isolated. B. To respond the national diffculies Cho Hun claimed to prepare immediate counter-measures as follows: a) To keep the national opinion from being split on account of the two parties, East and West, at that time, and to choose and perform only the proper suggestions by correct and able persons; b) To reform the national system anew by reducing the consumption of the royal family and higher class so that the people's burden would be cut down and to make them engaged in the productive works such as agriculture and industry or to commercial activities; c) To prepare the military defense in two ways of the land and the sea, he especiallyemphasized the naval defense around the south-eastern sea of Korea; d) To league the allied forces of the north-east Asian countries such as China, the Loochoo Islands, Siam, etc. to blockate Japan, by informing them of the coming Japanese invasion; e) And to arouse a revolutionary power in Japan to overthrow the Hideyoshi's government so that Hideyoshi could hardly move outwards. His views were, though not completely accepted by the statesmen then, proved to be advanced and correct ones. Now we are to remember that he was also a great thinker who influenced heavily both the school of “Righteousness”(義理學派) and that of “Pragmatic” thought(實學思想).

<陋巷詞>에 나타난 士族의 가난체험과 의식의 변화

이동찬 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 1999 한국민족문화 Vol.14 No.-

This thesis mentioned briefly how the writer, Park In-Ro(朴仁老) who had very poor reality experience in his country society had accepted and formed Gasa literature, and how his reaction toward poverty had changed through the work, <Nuhangsa>. Park In-Ro was a poor writer in the early 17th century. Here I summarized briefly like this. First, In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the change of society position started to happen and a poverty problem was the essential issue. The solution was the most important problem in life. This study dealt with the poverty problem which country society people had. Second, <Nuhagsa> was separate from the former literal custom which expressed one's ideal and aesthetic ways. It showed society reality and individual experience by using common language and communicative way. Therefore, we could understand the Gasa literary position of <Nuhagsa> in view of the expression of reality and enlargement of Gasa's prosaic ways. Third, Park In-Ro didn't enjoy the poor economic reality and weren't satisfied with it. So, he tried to show and recover the poor reality one should live a human universal life in social and historical background through Gasa works of the 17th and 18th centuries, even though he didn't show the solution to get over the problem. Fourth, Gasa works of the 17th century including <Nuhagsa> were treated by common people like women or farmers, and people concerned with Gasa works were changing from noble men to common people. In view of this aspect, <Nuhagsa> is very different from other works in the previous age and shows the special aspects unlike other works. At last, we can make it clear that <Nuhangsa> turns out to be Chosun age's late work.

에밀 브룬너의 만남의 진리 연구

이동성 純福音神學大學 1991 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

Bacillus subtilis가 생산하는 항진균성 항생물질 LAM-44B의 정제 및 특성

이동희,권태종 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 2005 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.30 No.-

A novel antifungal antibiotic for medically isolated azole-resistant Candida albicans was purified from the culture broth of Bacillus subtilis LAM 97-44 by butanol extraction. Diaion HP-20 and Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography, silica gel flash chromatography followed by 1st and 2nd HPLC and designated LAM-44B. LAM-44B was stable for 60min at 100℃, and pH range from 2 to 12. MIC value were observed at 1-6㎍/mL against various Candida albicans strains. The antibiotic showed no acute toxicity to rat, and no cytotoxicity to S180, MKN-45 P388, HeLa and 3T3 cell lines. LAM-44B was colorless powder soluble in water, methanol, butanol and positive to ninhydrin, Molish and Anthrone reaction. The antibiotic had maximum absorption at 281, 292, 305 and 320nm in methanol, and melting point was 232℃. The molecular weight and formula were determined to be 696 and C35H54NO13 by 'H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, ESI mass spectrum and elemental analysis.

전력케이블의 절연열화진단과 직류전압감쇄법의 적용

이동영 위덕대학교 부설 전자기술연구소 1997 전자기술연구소 논문집 : 위덕대 Vol.1 No.1

본 논문에서는 기 개발된 직류전압감쇄법(시험전압 DC 10kV)을 이용한 진단장치의 Prototype을 소형경량화하고 직류감쇄전압의 측정과 동시에 누설전류를 측정할 수 있도록 하였으며 측정보드의 내부저항 모듈을 1TΩ으로 증가시켜 부하효과를 줄임으로써 측정오차를 최소화하고(1%이하) 진단 및 측정프로그램의 개선으로 win95환경에서의 측정과 기 측정된 진단결과의 데이타베이스구축이 가능하도록 하였다. 이상과 같이 제작된 진단장치를 이용하여 현재 사용중인 배전선로중 시험선로를 선정하여 직류전압감쇄법에 의한 시험을 실시하였으며 동시에 직류누설전류도 측정하였다. 향후 시험전압을 5kV 또는 1kV이하로 낮추어 진단시험이 절연체에 주는 영향을 최소화 할 수 있도록 장치를 개발하고 고압스위칭, 제어 가능한 고압DC모듈, 측정보드의 PC 베이스화, 고속측정모듈개발등을 통해 완벽한 측정자동화를 이룩하고 새로운 측정기법연구를 위한 토대를 마련할 예정이다. In this work, we have developed the off-line diagnostic system for power cable insulation using DC voltage decay method to diagnose the insulation degradation of underground power cables. Measurement errors of diagnostic system are less than 1% for ITΩ internal resistor. We have also developed measurement and diagnostic programs for win95 which is suitable for the database construction and the management of data. We could conclude that it is possible to apply this system to the multi-grounded underground cable systems.

Streptomyces sp. LAM 90-331이 생산하는 세포 응집물질

이동희 건국대학교 1994 學術誌 Vol.38 No.2

An Actinomycete, strain LAM 90-331, capable of producing microbial cell aggregation factor was isolated from soil, and identified as Streptomyces phaeoviridis or its related organism by cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics. For production of the agregation factor soluble starch and glycerol mixture(1 : 1), and corn steep powder was favorable as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. The aggregation factor production was increased by the addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+, but depressed severely by other metal ions used. Optimal temperature and initial pH for production was around 28℃ and pH 7∼8, respectively. Accumulation of the aggregation factor in the culture broth reached at maximum level after 4 days cultivation under aeration rate 1vvm and impeller speed 200rpm in 5L-fermenter with 2.5L of medium containing soluble starch 1%, glycerol 1%, corn steep powder 1%, K2HPO4 0.05%, CaCl2 0.05%, MgSO4 · 7H2O 0.05% and Neorin 302 0.01%. The aggregation factor was isolated from culture broth by methanol precipitation, ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. It was stable in pH range 5∼ 10 at RT, and activity was increased remarkably by Ca2+ ion. The substance aggragated Bacillus subitilis, alcaligenes faecalis, Pesudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida, Staphylococcus aureus and Sacchromyces cerevisiae, but not acted to animal cells such as mouse red blood cell, mouse lymphocyte, sheep red blood cell and B16 melanoma.

등온완화전류법과 직류전압감쇄법의 현장 적용 연구

이동영 위덕대학교 부설 전자기술연구소 1999 전자기술연구소 논문집 : 위덕대 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구에서는 직류전압감쇄법을 기본 시헙법으로 채택하고 동시에 등온완화전류법을 실 선로에 적용하여 케이블의 열화정도를 측정하고 그 적용가능성을 검토하였으며 그 결과를 비교해 보았다. 시험결과를 보면 직류전압감쇄법에 의한 전력케이블의 열화진단결과와 등온완화전류법(KDA- 1)에 의한 결과는 직류전압 감에정도와 Aging Factor의 절대치 비교는 곤란하나, 동일 D/L의 경우 상간 열화경향 일치하고 두 시험법 모두 대상케이블의 열화정도 서열화는 가능함을 확인하였다.

출혈성 설사증을 보인 astrovirus 감염증의 신생아실 집단발생

이종윤,이재규,정은희,조동희,김의종 대한임상미샐물학회 2004 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.7 No.1

교통사고 후 신체 손상 환자의 만성 외상후 스트레스 장애 : 발생 빈도, 증상 변화, 예측 인자에 대한 전향적 연구

이선미,김동인 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.5

연구목적: 교통사고로 인해 신체손상을 입은 사람들을 대상으로 만성 외상후 스트레스 장애(PTSD)의 발생 빈도를 조사하고, 증상 발현과 관계되는 사고 후 심리사회적 요인들을 연구하였으며, 시간 경과에 따른 외상후 스트레스 증상 변화를 살펴보았고, PTSD를 예언할 수 있는 초기 자기보고 측정치들을 연구하였다. 방법: 김태형 등(1998)의 연구에서 표집된 104명의 교통사고 환자들을 대상으로 24개월 후에 추적연구가 수행되었다. 추적 연구에서는 임상가용 외상후 스트레스 장애 척도(CAPS), 사고후 경험에 관한 질문들, Beck 우울척도(BDI), Spielberger 상태 특성 불안 척도(STAI I,II), 사건 충격 척도(IES), 대처방식 척도(WCC)가 실시되엇다. CAPS 면접에 참여한 사람들은 68명이었고, CAPS 면접과 질문지를 완성한 사람들은 모두 58명이었다. 이전 연구시 비PTSD로 분류되고 추적 연구에서도 비PTSD로 분류된 사람들은 비PTSD군으로 분류하였고, 이전 연구와 추적 연구시 모두에서 PTSD로 분류된 사람들은 만성PTSD군으로 분류하였으며, 이전 연구시 PTSD로 분류되었으나 추적연구에서 비 PTSD로 분류된 사람들은 PTSD 회복군으로 분류하였다. 결과: 사고 발생 2년 후 추적 연구에서 PTSD 발생율은 38.9%로 나타났다. 장해 보상 상태, 이전 작업으로의 복귀, 경제적 어려움이 PTSD 의 발병과 만성화에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 외상후 증상들은 시간이 경과함에 따라 의미있는 감소를 보였으며, 만성 PTSD 군은 회피 및 반응마비 증상들이 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하였고, PTSD 회복군은 다른 증상은 회복되어도 사건이 "재발한 것같이 행동하거나 느낌","과도한 놀람 반응"은 추적 연구시에도 회복되지 않았다. 사고 초기 측정치 중에서 IES만이 비PTSD 군, 만성 PTSD 군, PTSD 회복간에 의미있는 차이가 있었으며(p<.05), 추적 연구 측정치들 중에서는 BDI(p<.001), STAI-II(p<.05), 적극적 대처(p<.001), 소극적 대처(p<.001)에서 세 군간 의미있는 차이를 나타내었다. 초기 자기보고 측정기 중 IES가 추적 연구시 PTSD 증상을 예언하는데 18.6%의 설명 변량을 나타냈다. 결론: 교통사고후 신체 손상자들에게서는 다른 외상에 비해 PTSD 발생 위험도 높았고, 사고 심각도, 장해 보상 상태, 이전 직업으로의 복귀, 경제적 어려움과 같은 위험인자들이 확인되었다. 외상 초기의 높은IES점수는 PTSD 의 만성화를 예언해 주는 것으로 나타났다. 중심단어:외상후 스트레스 장애·교통사고·발생율·위험인자. Objectives: This study aimed to report the incidence of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to identify psychosocial risk factors posttraumatically affecting the severity of PTSD symptoms, to compare the pattern of symptom changes over time, and to find early self-rated measures for the prediction of chronic PTSD in the patients physically injured by motor vehicle accident. Method: One-hundred-and-four motor vehicle victims, who were systematically recruited for the study of Kim et al(1998), were reevaluated through interview and questionnaire after twenty-four months. Clinician Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spiel-berger State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Impact of Event Scale(IES), questions about socioen-vironmental experiences after accident, and The Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC) were included in follow-up assessment. Of these subjects, 68 victims paricipated in CAPS interview and only 54 victims finished CAPS Interview, and questionnaire. The subjects with PTSD at initial and follow-up assessment were classified as the chronic PTSD group, subjects who recovered from PTSD at follow-up assessment were classified as the recovered group, and subjects who did not meet criteria for PTSD at initial and follow-up assessment were classified as the non-PTSD group. Results: The prevalence of PTSD in motor vehicle victims was 39.8% in follow-up assessment.Compensation of disabilities, return to previous job and financial diffculty were associated with chronicity and poor psychological adjustment of PTSD. In total group of victims, PTSD symptoms that appeared at initial assessment were improved or disappeared at follow-up assessment. However, avoidance and numbing symptoms significantly increased in chronic PTSD group and "acting or feeling as if event were recurring" and "exaggerated startle response" were not recovered over time in recovered group. Only IES at initial assessment showed significant differences among Non-PTSD, PTSD and recovered group. BDI, STAI-II, active coping and passive coping at follow-up assessment showed significant differences among three groups. IES at initial assessment contributed 18.6% to CAPS variance at follow-up. Conclusion: This study showed a high risk of developing PTSD among physically injured victims after motor vehicle accident. Risk factors such as event severity, compensation of disabilities,return to previous job and financial difficulty were identified. High IES score at initial assessment was regarded as major factor affecting chronic PTSD. KEY WORDS:PTSD·Motor vehicle accident·Incidence·Risk factor.