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Galactosylated iodine-based small molecule I.V. CT contrast agent for bile duct imaging
Jung, Yeonjin,Hwang, Hee Sook,Na, Kun Elsevier 2018 Biomaterials Vol.160 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Computed tomography (CT) with contrast plays an important role as a clinical diagnostic tool but still has a limited diagnostic range. In this work, we developed a novel injectable iodine-based small molecule CT contrast agent, even can be used for bile duct diagnostics. The bile duct diagnosable CT contrast agent (BDICA) is synthesized with 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthaloyl dichloride (ATIPC), tromethamine and lactobionic acid (LBA) for asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) targeted delivery via receptor-mediated endocytosis and transport to the bile canaliculi. Specific binding to the ASGPRs was confirmed by <I>in vitro</I> cellular uptake in HepG2 cells (ASGPR positive) and HCT 116 cells (ASGPR negative). Compared to iohexol, BDICA has equal <I>in vivo</I> distribution and a 13-fold iodine increase in content was observed in bile juice after BDICA injection. The radiopaque contrast effect in the bile duct has been clearly shown in <I>in vivo</I> CT scans. Furthermore, within 36 h, 91.3% of the BDICA was eliminated without organ damage, which verified the overall safety of the contrast agent. BDICA not only provides sufficient contrast images similar to iohexol, but also provides superior images of the bile duct. Based on recent studies, it has been shown that BDICA is a promising, safe and effective contrast agent for CT imaging of the organs and soft tissues, including the bile duct.</P>
정연진(Yeonjin Jung),조희구(Hi Ku Cho),김준(Jhoon Kim),김영준(Young Joon Kim),김윤미(Yun Mi Kim) 한국기상학회 2011 대기 Vol.21 No.2
Spectral solar irradiances were observed using a visible and UV Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer on the rooftop of the Science Building at Yonsei University, Seoul (37.57°N, 126.98°E, 86 m) during one year period in 2006. 1-min measurements of global(total) and diffuse solar irradiances over the solar zenith angle (SZA) ranges from 20° to 70° were used to examine the effects of clouds and total optical depth (TOD) on enhancing four solar irradiance components (broadband 395-955 ㎚, UV channel 304.5 ㎚, visible channel 495.2 ㎚, and infrared channel 869.2 ㎚) together with the sky camera images for the assessment of cloud conditions at the time of each measurement. The obtained clear-sky irradiance measurements were used for empirical model of clear-sky irradiance with the cosine of the solar zenith angle (SZA) as an independent variable. These developed models produce continuous estimates of global and diffuse solar irradiances for clear sky. Then, the clear-sky irradiances are used to estimate the effects of clouds and TOD on the enhancement of surface solar irradiance as a difference between the measured and the estimated clear-sky values. It was found that the enhancements occur at TODs less than 1.0 (i.e. transmissivity greater than 37%) when solar disk was not obscured or obscured by optically thin clouds. Although the TOD is less than 1.0, the probability of the occurrence for the enhancements shows 50~65% depending on four different solar radiation components with the low UV irradiance. The cumulus types such as stratoculmus and altoculumus were found to produce localized enhancement of broadband global solar irradiance of up to 36.0% at TOD of 0.43 under overcast skies (cloud cover 90%) when direct solar beam was unobstructed through the broken clouds. However, those same type clouds were found to attenuate up to 80% of the incoming global solar irradiance at TOD of about 7.0. The maximum global UV enhancement was only 3.8% which is much lower than those of other three solar components because of the light scattering efficiency of cloud drops. It was shown that the most of the enhancements occurred under cloud cover from 40 to 90%. The broadband global enhancement greater than 20% occurred for SZAs ranging from 28 to 62°. The broadband diffuse irradiance has been increased up to 467.8% (TOD 0.34) by clouds. In the case of channel 869.0 ㎚, the maximum diffuse enhancement was 609.5%. Thus, it is required to measure irradiance for various cloud conditions in order to obtain climatological values, to trace the differences among cloud types, and to eventually estimate the influence on solar irradiance by cloud characteristics.
Selective SnO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Atomic Layer Deposition Driven by Oxygen Reactants
Lee, Jung-Hoon,Yoo, Mi,Kang, DongHee,Lee, Hyun-Mo,Choi, Wan-ho,Park, Jung Woo,Yi, Yeonjin,Kim, Hyun You,Park, Jin-Seong American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.39
<P>SnO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> thin films were successfully deposited by the thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) method using <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-<I>tert</I>-butyl-1,1-dimethylethylenediamine stannylene(II) as a precursor and ozone and water as reactants. The growth of SnO and SnO<SUB>2</SUB> films could be easily controlled by employing different reactants and utilizing different ozone and water concentrations, respectively. The formation of both SnO and SnO<SUB>2</SUB> films exhibited typical surface-limiting reaction characteristics, although their growth behaviors differ from one another. The combined studies of density functional theory calculations and experimental analyses showed that the difference in growth behavior of the SnO and SnO<SUB>2</SUB> films can be attributed to the stability of ozone and water on the SnO<SUB>2</SUB> and SnO films. SnO and SnO<SUB>2</SUB> films have different crystal structures and both films were crystallized from the amorphous to polycrystalline states following an increase in the deposition temperature. The absorbance and refractive index of the thin films were investigated using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), respectively. SnO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> films formed using ozone and water as a reactant showed an optical band gap of 3.60-3.17 eV and 2.24-2.30 eV and refractive indices of ∼2.0 and ∼2.6, respectively, which correspond to values typical of SnO<SUB>2</SUB> and SnO. The bilayer structure of SnO/SnO<SUB>2</SUB> was successfully fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass with nickel as a top electrode at 100 °C. The SnO/SnO<SUB>2</SUB> bilayer exhibited diode characteristics with a current rectification ratio of 15. Our results present a simple but highly versatile growth method for producing multilayer oxide films with electronic properties that can be finely controlled.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>