이무영 희곡의 공연성 연구 - 장막극을 중심으로 -

김용관(Yeong-Kwan Kim) 어문연구학회 2005 어문연구 Vol.49 No.-

Korean drama history has maintained two main themes; the liberty from tradition and the liberty from colony. There were two playwright groups; one was a playwright as well as a man of the theater and the other was to write a drama as a novelist or a poet. They succeeded to Korean drama's existence. Lee Mu Yeong is an agricultural novelist who took part in KuK Ye Sul Yon Ku Hoi‘s member for four years. He put <Mu Ryo Chi Bung Sul>, <Su Jun No> including <Han Naz Ae Kum Ku Nun Sa Ram Dul> on the stage and published 16 dramas, including <Mo Nun Ja Wa Zoz Ki Non Ja>, <A Bu Zi Wa A Dul>, <Tolstoi>, <Lee Sun Sin>. His description of stage in works is available to the actual performance, but the play show us the low quality of works. Early period non-professional playwright created their plays with passion and eagerness, though they didn't practically have any relation with theatrical activities and didn't work for professional dramatists. As a matter of fact, they wrote difficult dramas to put on the show. In other words, nonprofessional playwright contributed to enlarge literary realm for personal interests, but they had few contribution to the history of the modern Korean script and drama. Therefore, the result about this study is that early period non-professional playwright in the modern literature ended in failure because of ideological speculation and structural defects.

산성강하물이 지표수의 산성화에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ: 현장 조사

김영관,이동석,김만구,우경식 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.-

Effects of acid deposition on the acidification of surface water over a short period were studied during June~October, 1995. A reservoir located in Chunchon, Kangwondo was selected for this study because this reservoir had received little man-made pollutants. Geological survey within the study area was carried out and the pH of a small and shallow stream flowing from the mountain valley down to the reservoir was monitored. Rainfall was measured by using a rain gauge and the precipitation was collected by automatic precipitation sampler. During the study period, rain pH was in the range of 3.81~5.77 with an average of 4.8. The EC was in the range of 8~189㎲/cm with an average of 10.6㎲/cm. Ionic composition of the rainfall showed that, of the anions, deposition of SO₄^(2-) was highest with 3,119.7 kg/㎢, and is was NH^(4+)with 1,053.2kg/㎢ for cations. The surface water pHs were maintained neutral or weak basic, representing little evidence of acidification regardless of the acidic rainfall pH. Every time of sampling, however, the pHs exhibited increasing tendency as elevation of measuring site of the stream become lowered, which indicated the impacts of acid-base reactions by acidic or basic substances during travel of water downstream. This result suggested the necessity of further research to determine the respective buffering capacity of soil and underlying rocks. 산성강하물이 단기간에 걸쳐 지표수의 산성화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 1995년 6월 부터 10월까지 외부오염원이 거의 없는 강원도 춘천시에 위치한 저수지를 선정하여 인구를 수행하였다. 연구지역 일대의 지질을 조사하고 산골짜기에서 저수지로 흐르는 작고 얕은 하천의 수질을 분석하였다. 강우량은 우량계를 이용하여 측정하였고 강하물은 자동포집기를 이용하여 포집하였다. 연구기간동안의 강우의 pH범위는 3.81~5-77로 평균 4.8을 나타내었으며 전기전도도(EC)sms 5~189㎲/cm로 평균 10.6㎲/cm를 나타냈다. 음이온 중에서는 SO₄^(2-)의 강하량이 3,119.7kg/㎢로 가장 많았고, 양이온 중에서는 NH^(4+)가 1,053.2kg/㎢로 가장 많았다. 지표수의 pH는 중성 또는 약염기성으로 강우의 pH가 산성이었음에도 지표수의 산성화 현상은 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 골짜기에서 흐르는 하천수를 측정할때마다 측정지점의 고도가 낮아질수록 pH값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내어 물이 하류로 흘러가는 동안에 일어난 산성 또는 염기성물질로 인한 산염기반응의 영향을 보여주었다. 이 결과는 토양의 완충능력과 모암내에서의 중화능력을 각각 구별하여 조사할 필요성을 제시하였다.

산성강하물이 지표수의 산성화에 미치는 영향 Ⅱ: 컬럼연구 및 현장조사

김영관,우경식 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.-

토양층과 모암층에서의 산성우에 대한 중화능력을 평가하기 위하여 인공강우를 이용한 컬럼실험을 실시하였으며 토양을 이루고 있는 모암 특성의 차이에 의한 산성강하물의 환충효과를 비교하기 위하여 연구지역내의 모암의 조성광물에 차이가 있는 두 개의 골짜기를 선정하고 골짜기에 흐르는 지표수의 pH를 1996년 5월부터 1996년 10월까지 측정하였다. 컬럼실험에서 사용한 인공강우는 증류수에 황산과 질산을 적절히 첨가하여 pH를 각각 3,4, 및 5로 조절하였으며 컬럼유출수의 주요 양이온과 음이온을 측정하였다. A층위와 B층위의 양이온 교환용량(CEC)은 각각 9.68 meq/100g과 6.16 meq/100g 이었으며 인공강우의 살포시 컬럼유출수의 pH는 중간층토양에서보다 양이온 교환용량이 큰 표층토양에서 더 크게 나타났다. 컬럼유출수에서의 Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), Na^(+)의 합이 점차로 감소하여 지속적인 산성우는 토양의 양이온 교환용량을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 현장조사결과에 따르면 골짜기의 하류로 내려옴에 따라 지표수의 pH는 계속 증가하여 하류로 흐르는 과정에서의 완충효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 완충효과는 모암의 조성광물중 kaolinite와 illite이외에도 smectite를 함유하고 있는 골짜기에서 더 크게 나타나는 것이 특징적이었다. 이 결과는 토양층 뿐만 아니라 모암이 산성우의 완충용량을 가지고 있음을 나타내었다. A column study using artificial acid rain was conducted to evaluate the buffering capacities in soil layer and host rock. In an effort to compare the effect of composition of host rock, two valleys of which compositions of host rock are different were chosen within the study area and the pHs of the water flowing in the valleys were measured from May, 1996 to October, 1996. The pHs of the artificial acid rain prepared by adding appropriate amounts of both sulfuric and nitric acids to distilled water were 3,4,and 5, and the column effluents were analyzed for major cations and anions. The cation exchange capacities(CECs) of A Horizon and the B Horizon were 9.68 and 6.16 meq/100g, respectively. Compared to the B Horizon, the pH in the column effluent of A Horizon with larder CEC was higher. The sums of Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+) and Na^(+) in the column effluents gradually decreased, indicating the loss of CEC by acid rain. The field study showed that pHs of the surface water in the valleys increased as the water flows downwards. The magnitude of this buffering capacity was greater for the valley in which smectite in addition to kaolinite and illite was a weathered product of host rocks. This also indicates that host rock as well as soil layer retains the buffering capacity.

활성슬러지 공정에 의한 Kraft 펄프 폐수의 독성 제거

김영관 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

활성슬러지 공정을 이용하여 Kraft 펄프공장에서 배출되는 유출수에 잔류하는 만성 독성의 제거가능성음 평가하기 위하여 Pilot Plant를 운전하였다. 독성 이외에도 폐수내의 BOD, SS, resin과 fatty acids, 색도, 그리고 AOX와 같은 오염물질의 제거효과도 측정되었다. Pilot plant는 정상상태에서 약 10주 동안 운전되었으며 운전기간 동안의 평균 P/M비율은 0.28, 그리고 sludge age는 8.4일로 계산되었다. 평균 MLSS 농도는 4,309㎎/l이었으며 이중 휘발성 물질은 57%이었다. 운전기간 동안, BOD제거계수(k)는 30"C에서 8.2/일 이었으며 BOD제거율은 full-scale운전시보다 3∼6% 정도 낮은84%로 나타났다. 활성슬러지 유출수의 만성독성 시험은 Dinnel 방법과 BML방법이 활용되었으며, 시험결과 pilot plant알성슬러지 시스템에서도 효율적인 운전을 통하여 90% 이상의 독성제거가 가능함을 알 수 있었다. Pilot plant의 전 공정을 통해서 색도와 AOX의 제거는 매우 미미하였으나 resin과 fatty acids는 뛰어난 제거율을 나타내었다. Activated sludge pilot plant testing was conducted to determine the ability of a well-designed activated sludge treatment system to remove chronic toxicity from the bleached kraft pulp mill effluent. Removals of conventional(BOD and SS) and noncon-ventional(resin and fatty acid, color, AOX) pollutants were estimated. The pilot plant was operated at steady state for about 10 weeks at an F/M of 0/28 and a sludge age of 8.4 days. The average MLSS concentration was 4,309㎎/l, of which volatile fraction was 57%. During the operation period, the BOD removal reaction rate(k) was determined to be 8.2/day at 30°C. The BOD removal was 84 percent, which was 3 to 6 percent lower than expected for full-scale treatment. The chronic toxicity of the activated sludge effluent was tested by employing both Dinnel and the BML protocols. It was found that the pilot plant could achieve in excess of 90 percent reduction in chronic echinoderm toxicity. The data show slight reduction of color and AOX across the activated sludge systems. The pilot system, however, demonstrated an excellent removal of resin and fatty acids.

인체 대장암 및 자궁경부암에서 PCR-SSCP법을 이용한 Ki-ras 암유전자의 점돌연변이에 관한 연구

박영홍,백낙환,김현찬,김상효,홍관희,김기태,이기영 인제대학교 1994 仁濟醫學 Vol.15 No.2

인체 대장암 20례와 자궁경부암 10례의 암조직을 대상으로 c-Ki-ras 유전자 codon 12와 13에서의 점돌연변이를 알아보고자 polymerase chain reaction(PCR)과 single-strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) 검사법을 시행하였다. 대장암의 경우 20례중 9례(45%)에서, 자궁경부암의 경우 10례중 1례(10%)에서 양성으로 나왔다. 대장암에서는 codon 12에서 GGT가 TGT로의 치환이 4례로서 가장 많았으며, AGT, CGT로의 치환이 각 1례였고 codon 13에서는 GGC가 GAC로의 치환이 2례, TGC로의 치환이 1례인 것으로 나타났다. 자궁경부암의 경우 codon 12에서 GGT가 AGT로의 치환이 1례인 것으로 나타났다. In an attempt to clarify the role of genetic alteration in the genesis of human colorectal and cervical cancers, tissue specimens from 20 patients with colorectal cancer and 10 patients with cervical cancer were examined for the presence of point mutation in K-ras2 exon 1 by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR product. Exon I of c-Ki-ras2 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and comparison was made between the normal and mutated genes by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) of PCR product and nucleotide sequence analysis using asymmetric PCR with direct sequencing. Genomic DNA from white blood cells were used as normal control and those from A427 cell line were used as mutated control. 1.PCR product from A427 cell line showed a distinct migration shift pattern compared to the normal control in PAGE and the direct sequencing indicated that nucleotide sequence of codon 12 was mutated from GGT to GAT. In addition, there was a loss of normal allele in A427 cell line. 2.PCR product from 9 cases(45%) out of a 20 colon cancer patients showed migration shifts in PAGE, and all of these 9 patients invariably demonstrated mutation of ras gene, either in codon 12(6 cases:30%) or 13(3 cases:15%). The base substitutions in codon 12 were: from GGT to AGT(1), CGT(1), or TGT(4). Base changes in codon 13 were from GGC to TGC(1) or GAC(2). 3.PCR product from 1 cases(10%) out of a 10 cervical cancer patients showed migration shrifts in PAGE, Invariably demonstrated mutation of ras gene in codon 12. The base substitutions was from GGT to AGT(1) TQE incidence of point mutation of c-Ki-ras in colon cancer was high, however, it was low in cervical cancer, which showed the relation of ruts gene mutation with colon cancer. PCR -SSCP analysis is a simple, rapid and efficient method of detection of point mutation, especially when dealing with multiple samples.

λ-경쇄형 다발성 골수종 1예

박용관,김태원,장영,김진호,강정원,천영욱,박유환,정춘해 조선대학교 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.1

Multiple myeloma is a disease caused by neoplastic plasma cells that synthesize abnormal amouts of immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments. Light chain myeloma are regarded as a separate category characterized by a more malignant clinical course. Light chain myelomas are said to grow fastest of all and are associated with more osteolytic lesions, more hypercalcemia, and a higher incidence of renal failure and amyloidsis than either the IgG, IgA varienties The authors experienced a case of patients with λ-light chain myeloma. A 43-year-old male patient admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of both rib and lower back pain. The radiologic findings showed multiple pathologic fracture in ribs. osteolytic lesions in 2nd, 3rd cervical spineimmuture plasma cells. Serum electrophoresis showed normal finding. Urine electrophoresis evealed an M-spike. Urine immunoelectrophoress demonstrated λ-monoclonal protein. With the cycle of melphalan, prednisone and α-interferon chemotherapy improved of pain was observed. So we reported the case with brief review of previous literature.

Indium 添加된 CdS/(p)Si 異種接合 太陽電池의 製造 및 特性에 관한 硏究

朴鏞寬,金正浩,李載亨,兪榮植 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

In this study, the CdS/(p)Si solar cell was fabricated by electron-beam evaporation method, and their properties were investigated. Also the resistivity and optical transmission of CdS thin film were measured. The relation between this results and solar cell characteristics was considered, and came to as follow conclusion. 1. CdS this film is the polycrystalline in direction of (002), and has the hexagonal structure. In proportion to increase of substrate and annealing temperature, the optical band gap, and therefore the photo-transmittance in the absorption edge increases, while conductivity above the critical conditions decreases. 2. In proportion to Indium concentration, the resistivity of CdS thin film is the lowest when Indium concentration is 2[wt%]. In the photo-transmittance for the whole visible light, when the concentration is 2 [wt%], Burstein- Moss shift is the largest. 3. I_SC, V_OC FF, η, display the maximum value when the annealing temperture is at 350[℃]. 4. The characterisitcs of solar cells, that is I_SC V_OC FF, η, fabricated by mixture with In, somewhat more increases than those which is not mixed with. 5. In the optimal conditions the I-V characterisitics of the fabricated CdS/(p)Si solar cells shows as follows. V_OC:450[mV], I_SC:11.5[mA/㎠'], FF:0.475, η:4.92[%]

보강 폴리머 샌드위치 패널의 구조적 거동

신영수,김관호,연규석,정경현 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

UR 등의 세계 환경 시장의 변화에 따른 건설 시장의 개방으로 신건설 소재 개발에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있으며 이러한 재료 중의 하나가 폴리머 재료라고 할 수 있다. 폴리머 콘크리트는 고강도이며 마모저항, 충격저항 성능 및 내약품성, 내구성 등이 우수한 제품으로 이미 선진국에서는 이러한 재료 성질을 이용하여 제품화 연구에 적극 나서고 있다. 특히, 건설분야의 발전과 함께 발생하는 인력, 자재 부족 등에 대비하기 위해서는 건설자재의 표준화 및 규격화가 요구되며 가능한 공장에서 제작하는 공업화된 자재에 대한 요구가 점차 높아 지고 있다. 건축분야에서는 구조체의 보수 및 보강재료로서 폴리머 콘크리트를 이용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 외부 마감 재료로도 사용가능한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 즉, 시공성능의 향상을 위해서는 기존의 프리캐스트 콘크리트를 이용한 건물 외부 및 내부 간막이벽의 단점을 개선한 경량이고 경제적인 마감재에 대한 개발이 절실하다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 건설 산업용 소재인 폴리머 콘크리트 패널을 건축분야의 간막이벽체로 사용하기 위하여 기본적으로 간막이벽에 요구되는 구조성능 실험을 하므로서 개발가능성에 대해 검토하였다. 즉, 본 연구에서는 폴리머 샌드위치 패널의 두께를 최소화 하는 방안으로 용접철망으로 배근하여 그 거동의 변화를 실험하여 보강된 폴리머 콘크리트의 구조적 거동을 실험적으로 파악하였다. 연구결과 다음의 결론을 얻었다. (1) 처짐량은 하부구조재의 두께가 두꺼울 수록 적게 발생하여 구조재로 사용한 하부의 두께를 증가시키면 큰 하중을 지지할 수 있다. (2) 두께 40mm의 경우 20mm에 비하여 강성이 1.5-2.0 배 증가되었다. (3) 압축측 및 변형도 및 인장 측의 변형도는 배근량에는 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. (4) 하중- 용접철망의 변형도는 배근량의 증가에 따라 휨강도가 증가하는 추세를 보이나 두께 40mm의 경우 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. (5) 파괴하중은 철근의 배근에 따라 증가하나 철근량에는 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. (6) 파괴형태가 연성적 거동으로 완전히 파괴되는 경우는 발생하지 않았으며 배근량이 증가하면 연성적으로 되는 것으로 나타나 배근량과 거동에 대한 연구가 필요하다. (7) 패널의 파괴형태가 연성적이고 하중 부담능력이 우수하여 건축외장재로 사용가능성이 높은 것으로 판단되며 충고의 변화에 두께를 조절하고 배근 할 경우 우�Iㄴ 성능을 기대할 수 있다. (8) 샌드위치 패널의 구조적 거동을 파악하기 위해서는 다양한 휨인장 기강도실험, 압축강도 실험, 2축압축 시험 등을 통한 구조재료로서의 연구가 필요하다. (9) 해석적 접근과 구조설계식의 제안을 위해서는 다양한 실험적 연구가 필요하며 내구성에 대한 연구가 필요하다. From the open of the domestic construction market, the domestic construction environment is changing and the necessities of developing advanced construction materials are increased. Among these materials, polymer concrete precast products are in concern in the developed countries. Various polymer materials are being widely used in the many industries, such as automobile, aerospace. and mechanic industry. In construction industry, the polymer concrete has been introduced as new material and has become popular because of its good properties such as early age high strength, good chemical resistance. Due to these good properties, it is expected to be widely used in architectural construction. The aim of this study is to perform basic studies and experiments and investigate the structural behavior of polymer concrte sandwich panels to use architectural cladding and interior partition. To study the structural behavior of polymer concrte sandwich panels, The followings are investigated through the experiments. (1) The flexural behavior of polymer concrte sandwich panels (2) Strain characteristics due to bending (3) structural properties of polymer concrete The results of this study is as follows. (1) The polymer concrete has good structural perfomance such as early age high compressive strength and flexural strength. The polymer concrete is to be proved appropriate material to improve the defficiencies of precast concrete snadwich panel. (2) The area of reinforcing steel has little influence on the structural behavior of the polymer concrete sandwich panels. (3) The thickness of polymer concrete has much influence on the structural behavior of panels. (4) The specimen has failed in the ductile manner.

비소를 함유한 중금속슬러지 고화체의 미세구조적 분석

김영관,정명선 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1996 産業技術硏究 Vol.16 No.-

Microstructural analyses of synthetic arsenic-containing heavy metal sludges solidified with Portland cement were performed. Heavy metal sludges containing 0.04M of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and arsenic were prepared by sodium hydroxide precipitation and successive vacuum filtration. The sludges mixed with cement were cured for 14 days. The solidified sample was characterized by 1)leaching test, 2)scanning eletron microscopy kand 3) X-ray diffractometry. Of the metals tested, only Pb concentration in the leachate exceeded the Korean regulatory limit. The level of lead in the leachate was as high as 10 times the regulatory limit. X-ray analysis suggested that the metal hydroxides might be present in comnplex or impure crystalline phases.

TiO₂박막을 이용한 광촉매반응의 응용

김영관,김성호,김동현 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産業技術硏究 Vol.17 No.-

Photocatalytic reaction using TiO₂thin film was applied for the inactivation of coliform bacteria and the degradation of formic acid. UV processes coupled with and without TiO₂were tested for the river water samples. It took 5 and 15 minutes, respectively, to obtain 99% destruction of coliform bacteria in the total coliform test, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the photocatalytic reaction. Complete degradation of formic acid determined by TOC analysis was observed in 20 minutes by ozone/photocatalysis, while formic acid was degraded as little as about 20% during the first 100 minutes by ozone treatment alone. When ozone was supplied to the TiO₂/UV system, however, it provided a synnergetic effect for the degradation of formic acid.