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당류계 종류 및 고로슬래그 미분말 치환율에 따른 시멘트 페이스트의 응결 특성
임군수(Lim, Gun Su),정영진(Jeong Yeong Jin),한수환(Han Soo Hwan),현승용(Hyun, Seung Yong),윤치환(Yoon, Chee Whan),한민철(Han, Min Cheol) 한국콘크리트학회 2021 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.33 No.2
본 연구는 당류계 종류 및 고로슬래그 미분말 치환율에 따른 시멘트 페이스트의 응결지연 특성을 고찰하고자 한다. 슈가 파우더, 백설탕 순으로 응결지연 성능이 뛰어나며, 사카린 및 아스파탐은 응결 지연 성능이 미소한 것으로 나타났다. 당류계 종류별로 응결지연 및 촉진 현상이 상이함으로 초지연제를 개발함에 있어 해당 당류의 특성을 충분히 고려할 필요가 있다. This study attempts to examine the setting time retarding properties of cement paste according to the sugar type change. It was confirmed that the setting time retarding performance was excellent in the order of sugar powder and white sugar, and that the setting time retarding performance of saccharin and aspartame was insignificant.
Instruction to compress chest approximately 6~7 cm for healthcare provider in hospital
( Jae Hoon Oh ),( Tae Ho Lim ),( Young Suk Cho ),( Hyung Goo Kang ),( Won Hee Kim ),( Young Joon Chee ),( Yeong Tak Song ) 대한응급의학회 2013 대한응급의학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2013 No.2
Background: 2010 AHA (American Heart Association) and ERC (European Resuscitation council) Guideline emphasize the high quality of chest compression (CC) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Unlikely the other element for high quality CC (i.e. compression rate, chest recoil, hand position), chest compression depth (CCD) is influenced by surface on which the patient is placed, especially in hospital. We hypothesized that training of 6~7 cm CCD for healthcare providers improve accurate CCD during CPR when manikin is placed on mattress in hospital. Methods: This study was a randomised controlled trial at 0000 university hospital (Seoul, Korea) from 20th February through 20th April, 2013. The hospital`s Institutional Review Board approved the study. Sixty-six, voluntary, junior medical students participated in this study. The participants were divided two groups randomly with drawing a lot. A control group was trained with 5~6 cm CCD (5~6 cm Group) for CPR education while the other group was done with 6~7 cm CCD (6~7 cm Group). Other techniques (i.e. posture, rate of CC, hand position et al.) were equally trained both groups. Each performer was tested for performing high quality CCD (i.e mean CCD is more than 5 cm) on manikins placed on the floor 10min later after the training (on the floor after training). And then, all participants did CCs on manikin placed on the bed 1 hour later after the test (on the bed after training). Finally, they did CCs on manikin on the bed 4 weeks later (on the bed after 4 weeks). CCs were performed over 2 minutes continuously without a manikin visual feedback system in each instance. We calculated CCD, rate of CC (CCR) for the three instances to assess the high quality CC at each evaluation. Additionally, the ratio of accurate CC was measured to determine a sufficient CCD which is > 5 cm CCD based on the 2010 AHA guidelines. Results: Sixty six participants were eligible and all were enrolled without exclusion in this study. One participant at each group was lost to examine the test 4 weeks after training and data of two participants were recording error. Data of 62 participants were analyzed .The mean CCD (SD) decreased to 46.1 mm (6.1 mm) and 55.5 mm (7.6 mm) respectively on the bed 1hour later after training (95% CI of the mean difference of mean CCD 9.2~9.6 mm, p<0.001). On the bed after 4 weeks, the mean CCD was 47.6 mm (7.0 mm) and 57.8 mm (7.8 mm) (95% CI of the mean difference 9.9~10.5 mm, p<0.001). (Table 2.) The mean CCR (SD) was 118.0 times/min (8.1 times/min) in 5~6 cm group and 120.0 times/min (10.8 times/min) respectively on the bed after training ( 95% CI of the mean difference of mean CCR 2.8~6.9 times/min, p=0.41). On the bed after 4 weeks, the mean CCR was 104.3(18.1) times/min and 102.0(13.2) times/min (95% CI of the mean difference of mean CCR 5.7~10.3 times/min, p=0.57). The ratio of accurate CCD was 29.0% vs 78.8 % on the bed 1hour later after training, and 43.2 % vs 83.4% on the bed after 4 weeks in each group, respectively (all p values < 0.001). Conclusion: Training of 6~7 cm CCD for healthcare providers might improves accurate CCD when performing CCs for the patient to be placed on mattress during CPR in hospital.