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Identification of bacteria from the oral cavity and cloaca of snakes imported from Vietnam
Yeon-Sook Jho,Dae-Hun Park,Jong-Hwa Lee,Se-Yeoun Cha,Jin Soo Han 한국실험동물학회 2011 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.27 No.3
Reptiles are used for various purposes these days, including public exhibits, medicinal applications, and as laboratory animals. As the international exchange of reptiles has gradually increased, more people have had the opportunity to come in contact with these animals. Snakes typically live in the rhizosphere where various bacterial strains exist and as such they can lead to opportunistic human diseases. When snakes are encountered in veterinary medicine, it is necessary to monitor their microflora. Native microflora of reptiles imported from other countries has not yet been reported in Korea. In this study, oral and cloacae samples were collected from 18 Burmese pythons transported from Vietnam. The specimens were incubated at 37°C for 18 h to produce colony growth under aerobic condition and isolated colonies were then identified using a VITEK automated identification system. There were fourteen types of aerobic bacteria isolated from both oral and cloacae samples, nine from only oral specimens, and fifteen from only cloacae specimens. Most bacteria isolated were opportunistic pathogens of humans which therefore have the potential to induce disease in people. Based on the microflora and the prevalence of bacterial strains in snakes, quarantine procedures for reptiles transported internationally should be strengthened. Characterization of the microflora of reptiles with the potential to induce zoonosis should be performed in those used as laboratory animals and to prevent zoonotic outbreaks in the general population as well as among veterinarians.
Identification of ultraviolet B radiation-induced microRNAs in normal human dermal papilla cells
CHA, HWA JUN,KIM, OK-YEON,LEE, GANG TAI,LEE, KWANG SIK,LEE, JAE HO,PARK, IN-CHUL,LEE, SU-JAE,KIM, YU RI,AHN, KYU JOONG,AN, IN-SOOK,AN, SUNGKWAN,BAE, SEUNGHEE SPANDIDOS PUBLICATIONS 2014 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol.10 No.4
<P>Ultraviolet (UV) radiation impairs intracellular functions by directly damaging DNA and by indirectly generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. UV radiation can also alter gene expression profiles, including those of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA). The effects of UV radiation on cellular functions and gene expression have been widely documented in human skin cells such as keratinocytes, melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts, but the effect it has on other types of skin cell such as dermal papilla cells, which are crucial in the induction of hair follicle growth, remains unknown. In the current study, the effect of UV radiation on physiological changes and miRNA-based expression profiles in normal human dermal papilla cells (nHDPs) was investigated. UVB radiation of ≥50 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> displayed high cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ROS generation was exhibited in UVB-irradiated nHDPs. Furthermore, using miRNA microarray analysis, it was demonstrated that the expression profiles of 42 miRNAs in UVB-irradiated nHDPs were significantly altered compared with those in the controls (35 upregulated and 7 downregulated). The biological functions of the differentially expressed miRNAs were studied with gene ontology analysis to identify their putative target mRNAs, and were demonstrated to be involved in cell survival- and death-related functions. Overall, the results of the present study provide evidence that miRNA-based cellular mechanisms may be involved in the UVB-induced cellular response in nHDPs.</P>
APX-115, a first-in-class pan-NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor, protects db/db mice from renal injury
Cha, Jin Joo,Min, Hye Sook,Kim, Ki Tae,Kim, Jung Eun,Ghee, Jung Yeon,Kim, Hyun Wook,Lee, Ji Eun,Han, Jee Young,Lee, Gayoung,Ha, Hun Joo,Bae, Yun Soo,Lee, Sae Rom,Moon, Sung Hwan,Lee, Sung Chan,Kim, Ga Nature Publishing Group 2017 Laboratory investigation Vol.97 No.4
<P>Recent studies have suggested that renal Nox is important in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a novel pan-NOX-inhibitor, APX-115, on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic mice. Eight-week-old db/m and db/db mice were treated with APX-115 for 12 weeks. APX-115 was administered by oral gavage at a dose of 60 mg/kg per day. To compare the effects of APX-115 with a dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor, db/db mice were treated with GKT137831 according to the same protocol. APX-115 significantly improved insulin resistance in diabetic mice, similar to GKT137831. Oxidative stress as measured by plasma 8-isoprostane level was decreased in the APX-115 group compared with diabetic controls. All lipid profiles, both in plasma and tissues improved with Nox inhibition:APX-115 treatment decreased Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 protein expression in the kidney. APX-115 decreased urinary albumin excretion and preserved creatinine level. In diabetic kidneys, APX-115 significantly improved mesangial expansion, but GKT137831 did not. In addition, F4/80 infiltration in the adipose tissue and kidney decreased with APX-115 treatment. We also found that TGF-beta stimulated ROS generation in primary mouse mesangial cells (pMMCs) from wild-type, Nox1 KO, and Duox1 KO mice, but did not induce Nox activity in pMMCs from Nox2 knockout (KO), Nox4 KO, or Duox2 KO mice. These results indicate that activating Nox2, Nox4, or Duox2 in pMMCs is essential for TGF-beta-mediated ROS generation. Our findings suggest that APX-115 may be as effective or may provide better protection than the dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor, and pan-Nox inhibition with APX-115 might be a promising therapy for diabetic nephropathy.</P>
Fermented <i>Viola mandshurica</i> Inhibits Melanogenesis in B16 Melanoma Cells
KWAK, Yeon-Joo,KIM, Kyoung-Sook,KIM, Kyung-Mi,YU, Hai Yang,CHUNG, Eunsook,KIM, Seok-Jo,CHA, Jae-Young,LEE, Young-Choon,LEE, Jai-Heon Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2011 Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry Vol.75 No.5
<P>We assessed the effects of chloroform extract of fermented <I>Viola mandshurica</I> (CEFV) on melanogenesis B16 melanoma cells. CEFV treatment significantly decreased melanin content and tyrosinase activity in dose-dependent manners. To elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of CEFV on melanogenesis, we performed RT-PCR and Western blotting for melanogenesis-related genes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). CEFV strongly inhibited mRNA as well as the protein expression of tyrosinase and MITF, but had no significant effect on TRP-1 or TRP-2 expressions. It markedly decreased the phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB), and induced the duration of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, leading to reduction of MITF expression and subsequently that of tyrosinase. Therefore, we suggest that CEFV induces downregulation of melanogenesis through decreased CREB phosphorylation and ERK activation.</P>