Reduction of Brain Infarct Size and Extracellular Glutamate Accumulation by Dihydrokinate in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat after Transient Forebrain Ischemia

Yong Hua Zhang,Yong Cai Li,Zheng Hua Cai,Yang Chen 대한신경외과학회 2004 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.36 No.4

Objective : Using bilateral carotid artery occlusion, controlled hypotension and in vivo microdialysis, we evaluate the changes in extracellular concentrations of the excitatory amino acids(EAA) glutamate and aspartate in the striatum of ischemic Wistar-Kyoto rats(WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as the resulting changes of infarct volume and neurological deficit scores. Methods : During 30 minutes of ischemia, microdialysate concentrations of glutamate and aspartate were measured in the presence of infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid(aCSF) or the dihydrokinate (DHK, the GLT-1 selective nontransportable inhibitor)-containing aCSF respectively. And infarct volume of neurological deficit were measured for each groups using triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining and neurological deficit function tests. Results : In control aCSF infusing WKY group, glutamate and aspartate concentrations increased 36-fold and 14- fold increase to baseline, respectively, and returned to baseline values on reperfusion; while in control aCSF infusing SHR group, glutamate and aspartate increased 51-fold and 25-fold increase respectively. DHK (10nM) significantly attenuated EAA increases in both experimental WKY group and SHR group compared with control (glutamate peak for WKY, 7.09±1.04 versus control, 18.48±1.87 pmol/ul; for SHR, 18.90±1.54 versus control, 40.64±2.38 pmol/ul). There is a significant improving with neurological deficit score in DHK application groups both in WKY and SHR, which was also convinced by comparison of infarct volume between experimental DHK infusing group and control. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the astrocytic glutamate transporter contributes significantly to EAA release in the early phase of ischemia and inhibition of excessive glutamate release by DHK may contribute to effective treatment in ischemia-induced brain damage.

Impact of a Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Line on the Rhizobacteria, Revealed by Illumina MiSeq

( Gui-hua Lu ),( Yin-ling Zhu ),( Ling-ru Kong ),( Jing Cheng ),( Cheng-yi Tang ),( Xiao-mei Hua ),( Fan-fan Meng ),( Yan-jun Pang ),( Rong-wu Yang ),( Jin-liang Qi ),( Yong-hua Yang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

The global commercial cultivation of transgenic crops, including glyphosate-tolerant soybean, has increased widely in recent decades with potential impact on the environment. The bulk of previous studies showed different results on the effects of the release of transgenic plants on the soil microbial community, especially rhizosphere bacteria. In this study, comparative analyses of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soils and surrounding soils were performed between the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line NZL06-698 (or simply N698), containing a glyphosate-insensitive EPSPS gene, and its control cultivar Mengdou12 (or simply MD12), by a 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) amplicon sequencing-based Illumina MiSeq platform. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall alpha diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities, although the species richness and evenness of the bacteria increased in the rhizosphere of N698 compared with that of MD12. Some influence on phylogenetic diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities was found between N698 and MD12 by beta diversity analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance. Furthermore, the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacterial phyla and genera, which included some nitrogen-fixing bacteria, were significantly different between N698 and MD12. Our present results indicate some impact of the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line N698 on the phylogenetic diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities together with a significant difference in the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacteria at different classification levels as compared with its control cultivar MD12, when a comparative analysis of surrounding soils between N698 and MD12 was used as a systematic contrast study.

Differential Impacts on Bacterial Composition and Abundance in Rhizosphere Compartments between Al-Tolerant and Al-Sensitive Soybean Genotypes in Acidic Soil

Wen Zhong-Ling,Yang Min-Kai,Fazal Aliya,Liao Yong-Hui,Cheng Lin-Run,Hua Xiao-Mei,Hu Dong-Qing,Shi Ji-Sen,Yang Rong-Wu,Lu Gui-Hua,Qi Jin-Liang,Zhi Hong,Qian Qiu-Ping,Yang Yong-Hua 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.8

In this study, two soybean genotypes, i.e., aluminum-tolerant Baxi 10 (BX10) and aluminumsensitive Bendi 2 (BD2), were used as plant materials and acidic red soil was used as growth medium. The soil layers from the inside to the outside of the root are: rhizospheric soil after washing (WRH), rhizospheric soil after brushing (BRH) and rhizospheric soil at two sides (SRH), respectively. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene amplicons via Illumina MiSeq. The results of alpha diversity analysis showed that the BRH and SRH of BX10 were significantly lower in community richness than that of BD2, while the WRH exhibited no significant difference between BX10 and BD2. Among the three sampling compartments of the same soybean genotype, WRH had the lowest community richness and diversity while showing the highest coverage. Beta diversity analysis results displayed no significant difference for any compartment between the two genotypes, or among the three different sampling compartments for any same soybean genotype. However, the relative abundance of major bacterial taxa, specifically nitrogen-fixing and/or aluminum-tolerant bacteria, was significantly different in the compartments of the BRH and/or SRH at phylum and genus levels, indicating genotype-dependent variations in rhizosphere bacterial communities. Strikingly, as compared with BRH and SRH, the WRH within the same genotype (BX10 or BD2) always had an enrichment effect on rhizosphere bacteria associated with nitrogen fixation

Research on the motion characteristics of a trans-media vehicle when entering water obliquely at low speed

Yong-li Li,Jin-fu Feng,Jun-hua Hu,Jian Yang 대한조선학회 2018 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.10 No.2

This paper proposes a single control strategy to solve the problem of trans-media vehicle difficult control. The proposed control strategy is just to control the vehicle's air navigation, but not to control the underwater navigation. The hydrodynamic model of a vehicle when entering water obliquely at low speed has been founded to analyze the motion characteristics. Two methods have been used to simulate the vehicle entering water in the same condition: numerical simulation method and theoretical model solving method. And the results of the two methods can validate the hydrodynamic model founded in this paper. The entering water motion in the conditions of different velocity, different angle, and different attack angle has been simulated by this hydrodynamic model and the simulation has been analyzed. And the change rule of the vehicle's gestures and position when entering water has been obtained by analysis. This entering water rule will guide the follow-up of a series of research, such as the underwater navigation, the exiting water process and so on.

Angiopoietin-1 and Angiopoietin-2 Expression Imbalance Influence in Early Period After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Hua Gu,Zhen-Hai Fei,Yi-Qi Wang,Jian-Guo Yang,Chao-Hui Zhao,Yong Cai,Xing-Ming Zhong 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.4

Purpose: Microvascular endothelial integrity is important for maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) disrupts this integrity, making the BBB dysfunctional—an important pathophysiological change after SAH. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) regulate microvascular permeability by balancing each other’s expression. Methods: This study investigated the dynamics of Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression after SAH and the protective effect of Ang-1 on BBB functioning using an endovascular puncture model of rat SAH. The Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression in brain tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. In addition, Western blotting was used to estimate Ang-1 and Ang-2 concentration and to compare them at 6–72 hours post-SAH cortex and hippocampus. Evans blue viability assay was used to evaluate BBB permeability, and neurological testing was implemented to evaluate neurological impairment during SAH. Results: It was found that following SAH, Ang-1 expression decreases and Ang-2 expression increases in the cortex, hippocampus, and microvessels. The Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio decreased as quickly as 6 hours after SAH and reached its lowest 1 day after SAH. Finally, it was found that exogenous Ang-1 reduces SAH-associated BBB leakage and improves neurological function in post-SAH rats. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the equilibrium between Ang-1 and Ang-2 is broken in a period shortly after SAH, and the treatment of exogenous Ang-1 injection alleviates neurological dysfunctions through decreasing BBB destruction.

Degradation kinetics of vitamins in premixes for pig: effects of choline, high concentrations of copper and zinc, and storage time

Yang Pan,Wang Hua Kai,Zhu Min,Li Long Xian,Ma Yong Xi 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: The present work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of storage time, choline chloride, and high concentrations of Cu and Zn on the kinetic behavior of vitamin degradation during storage in two vitamin premixes and four vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premixes. Methods: Two vitamin premixes (with or without 160,000 mg/kg of choline) were stored at 25°C and 60% humidity. Besides, four VTM premixes were used to evaluate the effects of choline (0 vs 40,000 mg/kg) and trace minerals (low CuSO4+ZnO vs high CuSO4+ZnO) on vitamin stability in VTM premixes stored in room, and the VTM premixes were stored in room temperature at 22°C. Subsamples from each vitamin and VTM premix were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months. The retention of vitamin A (VA), vitamin D3 (VD3), vitamin E (VE), vitamin K3 (VK3), vitamin B1 (VB1), vitamin B2 (VB2), vitamin B3 (VB3), vitamin B5 (VB5), and vitamin B6 (VB6) in vitamin premixes and VTM premixes during storage was determined. The stability of vitamins in vitamin premixes and VTM premixes was determined and reported as the residual vitamin activity (% of initial) at each sampling point. Results: The effect of choline on VK3 retention was significant in vitamin premixes (p<0.05). The negative effect of storage time was significant for the retentions of VD3, VK3, VB1, VB2, VB5, and VB6 in vitamin premix (p<0.05). For VTM premixes, negative effect of storage time was significant (p<0.05) for the losses of vitamin in VTM premixes. Choline and high concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly increased VA, VK3, VB1, and VB2 loss during storage (p<0.05). The supplementation of high concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly decreased the concentrations of VD3 and VB6 (p<0.05) in VTM premixes at extended storage time. Conclusion: The maximum vitamin stability was detected in vitamin and VTM premixes containing no choline or excess Cu and Zn. The results indicated that extended storage time increased degradation of vitamin in vitamin or VTM premixes. These results may provide useful information for vitamin and VTM premixes to improve the knowledge of vitamin in terms of its stability. Objective: The present work was undertaken to evaluate the effects of storage time, choline chloride, and high concentrations of Cu and Zn on the kinetic behavior of vitamin degradation during storage in two vitamin premixes and four vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premixes.Methods: Two vitamin premixes (with or without 160,000 mg/kg of choline) were stored at 25°C and 60% humidity. Besides, four VTM premixes were used to evaluate the effects of choline (0 vs 40,000 mg/kg) and trace minerals (low CuSO₄+ZnO vs high CuSO₄+ZnO) on vitamin stability in VTM premixes stored in room, and the VTM premixes were stored in room temperature at 22°C. Subsamples from each vitamin and VTM premix were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months. The retention of vitamin A (VA), vitamin D₃ (VD₃), vitamin E (VE), vitamin K₃ (VK₃), vitamin B₁ (VB₁), vitamin B₂ (VB₂), vitamin B₃ (VB₃), vitamin B₅ (VB₅), and vitamin B₆ (VB₆) in vitamin premixes and VTM premixes during storage was determined. The stability of vitamins in vitamin premixes and VTM premixes was determined and reported as the residual vitamin activity (% of initial) at each sampling point.Results: The effect of choline on VK₃ retention was significant in vitamin premixes (p<0.05). The negative effect of storage time was significant for the retentions of VD₃, VK₃, VB₁, VB₂, VB₅, and VB₆ in vitamin premix (p<0.05). For VTM premixes, negative effect of storage time was significant (p<0.05) for the losses of vitamin in VTM premixes. Choline and high concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly increased VA, VK₃, VB₁, and VB₂ loss during storage (p<0.05). The supplementation of high concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly decreased the concentrations of VD₃ and VB₆ (p<0.05) in VTM premixes at extended storage time.Conclusion: The maximum vitamin stability was detected in vitamin and VTM premixes containing no choline or excess Cu and Zn. The results indicated that extended storage time increased degradation of vitamin in vitamin or VTM premixes. These results may provide useful information for vitamin and VTM premixes to improve the knowledge of vitamin in terms of its stability.

The strategies for the supplementation of vitamins and trace minerals in pig production: surveying major producers in China

Yang, Pan,Wang, Hua Kai,Li, Long Xian,Ma, Yong Xi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.8

Objective: Adequate vitamin and trace mineral intake for pigs are important to achieve satisfactory growth performance. There are no data available on the vitamin and trace mineral intake across pig producers in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the amount of vitamin and trace minerals used in Chinese pig diets. Methods: A 1-year survey of supplemented vitamin and trace minerals in pig diets was organized in China. A total of 69 producers were invited for the survey, which represents approximately 90% of the pig herd in China. Data were compiled by bodyweight stages to determine descriptive statistics. Nutrients were evaluated for vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, biotin, choline, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, and iodine. Data were statistically analyzed by functions in Excel. Results: The results indicated variation for supplemented vitamin (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, niacin, and choline) and trace minerals (copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine) in pig diets, but most vitamins and trace minerals were included at concentrations far above the total dietary requirement estimates reported by the National Research Council and the China's Feeding Standard of Swine. Conclusion: The levels of vitamin and trace mineral used in China's pig industry vary widely. Adding a high concentration for vitamin and trace mineral appears to be common practice in pig diets. This investigation provides a reference for supplementation rates of the vitamins and trace minerals in the China's pig industry.

Separation of arenols from a low-temperature coal tar by liquid-liquid extraction

Hua-Shuai Gao,Zhi-Min Zong,Zheng Yang,Dao-Guang Teng,Xiu-Hua Sun,Li Yan,Xian-Yong Wei,Qing-Jie Guo,Tian-Sheng Zhao,Hong-Cun Bai 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.5

Low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) is a sticky liquid mixture produced mainly from coal pyrolysis, which contains various value-added chemicals (VACs). Liquid-liquid extraction is considered as one of the green and effective ways to explore the organic composition and separate the VACs from LTCT. Herein, petroleum ether, methanol, and carbon disulfide were used to extract arenols from a LTCT. As a result, the relative content and absolute content of arenols extracted from the LTCT are ca. 96.3% and 85.9%, respectively. Among them, p-cresol is predominant, accounting for 22.2%. The isolated contents of arenols are up to 84.6%. Moreover, a kilogram-scale operation was carried out under the same conditions, which offers a potential application in industrial production.

An Improved Plant Regeneration Protocol using Cotyledonary Explants from Inbred Lines of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)

Yang Zhi Hong,Jin Hua,Plaha Prikshit,Woong Bae Tae,Jiang Guo Bin,Woo Jong Gyu,Yun Han Dae,Lim Yong Pyo,Lee Hyo Yeon The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.6 No.4

We studied the effect of genotype, explant, age of explant, medium (plant growth regulators and gelling agents), and standardized an efficient regeneration protocol for inbred lines of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Of the different concentrations of NAA and BA tested, the combination of $5\;\cal{mg/L}\;BA\;and\;0.5\;\cal{mg/L}$ NAA gave the highest frequency of shoot regeneration. The cotyledonary explants had more shoot regeneration frequency ($\ge40\%$) than the hypocotyl ex-plants. Besides, the cotyledonary explants, excised from the 4-day old seedlings, showed higher shoot regene-ration ($56.7\%$). Of the three gelling agents and their concentrations used, 16 g/L agar was found to be the best for shoot regeneration. Shoot regeneration frequency in-creased significantly by supplementing the medium with $4\;\cal{mg/L}\;of\;AgNO_3$ MS medium devoid of NAA showed higher frequency of rooting in the regenerated shoots than the ones supplemented with NAA. Our improved regeneration protocol will be especially useful for the genetic transformation of Chinese cabbage inbred lines to develop transgenic hybrids.

An Implementation Route Study of Interactive Art Therapy based on Identity Data

Yang Hua(양화),Lee Yong-Ki(이용기) 한국콘텐츠학회 2022 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.7