朝鮮後期 寺刹 寮舍空間의 特性과 變化에 관한 硏究 : 主佛殿 앞마당에 面한 寮舍를 中心으로 Focused on the Yosa faced with the front court of a Central Buddhist Sanctum

김종헌,김도경,양재영 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.1

Yosa is a space for organizational living of buddhist monk that is composed of daebang, kitchen, gidaebang, rooms, storages, and so on. The plan of Yosa forms shape of ㅡ,ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅁ. Yosa is organized by practical aspect that is based on living transformation, and each space has its own usual order. Daebang is a centered space that connects the holy space with the mundane space in Yosa. The use and layout of kitchen has intimate relation with constitution of the central space in buddhist temple. As a result of the investigation of the characteristic and transformation of Yosa that is faced with the front court of a central buddhist sanctum, we can understand the space composition principle of the buddhist temple in the Chosun Dynasty. The existing sanctum-centered researches in buddhist temple layout must go side by side with diversified studies.

패밀리레스토랑 음식서비스에 대한 만족에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 평가

강종헌,양소영 한국조리과학회 2004 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with high satisfaction with foodservices in family restaurant. Accordingly, this study surveyed questionnaire concerning 20 measures of foodservice as well as major subject descriptors. The result of this study were as follows. KMO and Bartlett's test statistics showed that the data fitted factor analysis well. Results of factor analysis, average variance extracted estimates and shared variance showed that the convergent and discriminant validitys of 3 factors are supported, and cronbach's alpha showed that the internal consistency of 3 factors is supported. It was found that expensive groups, except gender groups and frequency of purchase groups, were differentially associated with high levels of overall satisfaction with foodservices. Multivariate analyses showed that satisfaction with service factor was the best predictor of overall satisfaction, followed by facilities factor. Three factors emerged from the logistic regression analysis as predictors of level of overall satisfaction. Overall, approximately 77% of university students could be correctly classified as being satisfied or unsatisfied. Finally, the results of the study provide some insights into the market-oriented types of foodservice marketing strategies or tactics to enable family restaurant to effectively manage and more competitive.

본태성 고혈압에서 염산에포니디핀 (NZ-105, 핀테20정�)의 유효성 및 안전성 : 제3상 다기관 임상시험 The phaseⅢ multicenter open trial

배종화,손일석,강흥선,조정휘,강재헌,김성원,이선영,양윤준,김영식,선우성 대한간질학회 2003 대한간질학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Staphylococcus aureus와 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species에 대한 Arbekacin의 시험관내 항균력

위성헌,강진한,허동호,이동건,김상일,김양리,최정현,김종현,유진흥,허재균,신완식,강문원 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Background : Most strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) now exhibit high-level resistance to various antibiotics, such as β -lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones. Recent reports describing the therapeutic failure of vancomycin for MRSA infections have arisen considerable concerns regarding the emergence of MRSA strains, which will require new therapeutic agents. Arbekacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is stable in the presence of aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by S. aureus. In this study, we compared the antibacterial activity of arbekacin with those of vancomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Methods : For a collection of 549 S. aureus and 251 CNS isolates from three Catholic University Hospitals in Korea, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of arbekacin, vancomycin, amikacin and gentamicin were determined by agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar according to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, USA)criteria. Results : Among 549 S. aureus isolates, 278 isolates were MRSA and 271 isolates were methicil sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). MIC50 & MIC90 of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus were 0.5 & 1 ㎍/mL, and MIC50 & MIC90 of vancomycin were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus isolates ranges from 0.03 to 4 ㎍/mL, and MIC of vancomycin against 549 S. aureus ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 549 S. aureus was 32㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/mL. MICs of amikacin and gentamicin were variable, ranging from 0.125 to 256, and otherwise arbekacin and vancomycin revealed relatively narrow range of MICs. MIC90 of arbekacin against 278 MRSA isolates & 271 MSSA were 1 & 0.5 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin against MRSA & MSSA were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 278 MRSA & 271 MSSA isolates were 32 & 4 ㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin against MRSA & MSSA isolates were 128 & 32 ㎍/mL respectively. Among 251 CNS isolates, 122 isolates were MRCNS and 129 were MSCNS. MICSO & MIC90 of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates were 0.25 & 2 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin were 1 & 2 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates ranges from 0.015 to 32 ㎍/mL, and that of vancomycin isolates ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL, MIC90 of arbekacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 2&0.3 ㎍/ML, and those of vancomycin were 2&s ㎍/ML. MIC90 of amikacin against 251 CNS isolates was 32 ㎍/ML, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/ML for CNS. MIC90 of amikacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 128 & 8㎍/mL, and those of gentamicin ere 256 & 32 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : Considering above results, arbekacin can be useful agent against most strains of MRSA and MRCMS, which exhibit high-level resistance to amikacin and gentamicin. (Korea J Infect Dis 33:254~260, 2001)

Highly Stable AlInZnSnO and InZnO Double-Layer Oxide Thin-Film Transistors With Mobility Over 50 <tex> $\text{cm}^{2}/\text{V} \cdot \text{s}$</tex> for High-Speed Operation

Yang, Jong-Heon,Choi, Ji Hun,Cho, Sung Haeng,Pi, Jae-Eun,Kim, Hee-Ok,Hwang, Chi-Sun,Park, Keechan,Yoo, Seunghyup IEEE 2018 IEEE electron device letters Vol.39 No.4

<P>We present high-mobility back channel etch Al–In–Zn–Sn–O/In–Zn–O (IZO) double-layer channel thin-film transistors (TFTs). The field-effect mobility of 53.2 <TEX>$\text{cm}^{2}/\text{V} \cdot \text{s}$</TEX>, threshold voltage of 0.5 V, and subthreshold swing of 0.15 V/decade were obtained with a thin IZO-inserted double-layer channel TFT. The positive bias stability was improved with an IZO-inserted double-layer channel. We fabricated 13-stage ring oscillators, which exhibited an oscillating frequency of 296 kHz at <TEX>${V} _{\text {DD}} = {20}$</TEX>. These results demonstrate that the proposed double-layer channel oxide TFT can be used for demanding applications such as backplane devices for ultrahigh resolution display.</P>

Defect-free ultra shallow source/drain extension using spin-on-dopants for deep submicron SOI MOSFET applications

Jong-Heon Yang,Jihun Oh,Kiju Im,Kyoungwan Park,Seongjae Lee,Won-ju Cho 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.44 No.2

Defect-free ultra-shallow junction (USJ) formation methods were investigated for sub-50-nm gatelength SOI MOSFET applications by using phosphorus solid-phase diusion (SPD) and plasma doping (PLAD). NMOSFETs with a gate length of 50-nm and n+-p junction diodes were successfully fabricated on SOI substrates. Defect-free n+-p junctions with extremely shallow junction depth and low sheet resistance were achieved by using SPD. Moreover, the SPD process generated no crystal defects, which are unavoidable in the ion implantation process and are a primary source of junction leakage currents. The electrical characteristics of n+-p junction diodes fabricated using SPD were superior to those fabricated using PLAD, and the SOI NMOSFET with its source/drain extension doped by using SPD showed good short-channel performance. These results demonstrate that solid-phase diusion can be promising candidate for sub-50-nm MOSFET technologies.

Anti-inflammatory effect of buddlejasaponin IV through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages via the NF-κB inactivation

Won, Jong-Heon,Im, Ho-Taek,Kim, Yang-Hee,Yun, Kyung-Jin,Park, Hee-Juhn,Choi, Jong-Won,Lee, Kyung-Tae Nature Publishing Group 2006 British journal of pharmacology Vol.148 No.2

Buddlejasaponin IV isolated from Pleurospermum kamtschatidum is an anti-inflammatory compound that inhibits NO, PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and TNF-α production. Here, we studied the mode of action of this compound.Buddlejasaponin IV (2.5–10 μM) reduced lipopolysaccaride (LPS (1 μg ml<SUP>−1</SUP>))-induced levels of iNOS and COX-2 at the protein levels, and iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by Western blotting and RT–PCR, respectively.Buddlejasaponin IV inhibited the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor necessary for proinflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression. This effect was accompanied by a parallel reduction in IκB-α degradation and phosphorylation, and by the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit.The effects of buddlejasaponin IV on acute phase inflammation were studied on serotonin- and carrageenan–induced paw edema. The antiedematous effect of buddlejasaponin IV was compared with 10 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> of indomethacin p.o. Maximum inhibitions of 26 and 41% were noted at a dose of 20 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP> for serotonin- and carrageenan-induced paw edema, respectively.The analgesic effect of buddlejasaponin IV was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests. Buddlejasaponin IV (10 and 20 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, p.o.) was found to have a marked analgesic effect in both models.These results suggest that the inhibitions of the expressions of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by blocking NF-κB activation, are responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of buddlejasaponin IV isolated from P. kamtschatidum.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 216–225. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706718; published online 6 March 2006

족관절 양과 유사 골절에서 삼각인대 보강술과 경비인대 결합 나사 고정술의 임상적 결과 비교

양종헌(Jong Heon Yang),윤성현(Sung Hyun Yoon),서재완(Jae Wan Suh),최성준(Sung Joon Choi),박현우(Hyun-Woo Park) 대한정형외과학회 2024 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.59 No.1

Purpose: The current treatment option of bimalleolar equivalent fractures is open reduction and internal fixation of lateral malleolus followed by syndesmotic screw fixation of syndesmosis or deltoid ligament augmentation. On the other hand, there is still debate using deltoid ligament augmentation technique. This study compared the clinical results of deltoid ligament augmentation and syndesmosis screw fixation in bimalleolar equivalent fractures. Materials and Methods: From 2007 to 2022, this study retrospectively compared 31 patients who underwent deltoid ligament augmentation with fibula fixation with 12 patients who underwent syndesmosis fixation for bimalleolar equivalent fractures. The clinical results were compared by measuring visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and ankle range of motion 12 months after surgery. The radiological results were compared by measuring medial clear space, tibiofibular overlap, and tibiofibular clear space before and after surgery. The postoperative complications were compared. Results: The post-operative AOFAS score, the VAS score, and the ankle range of motion were similar in the two groups. The radiological results showed a similar medial clear space, tibiofibular overlap, and tibiofibular clear space in the two groups before and after surgery. In addition, there were no postoperative complications in the group that underwent deltoid ligament augmentation, and one screw break and superficial infection were observed in each of the patient groups that had undergone trans-syndesmosis screw fixation. Conclusion: Clinically good results could be obtained despite only deltoid ligament augmentation being performed alone after fibular fracture fixation in bimalleolar equivalent fractures. In addition, if only deltoid ligament augmentation is performed alone rather than transsyndesmosis screw fixation, there is little possibility of misalignment and no risk of screw breakage or the need for additional procedures to remove the screws. In conclusion, deltoid ligament repair without syndesmosis screw fixation could be viable for treating bimalleolar equivalent fractures.

Anti-inflammatory effect of buddlejasaponin IV though the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages via the NF-kB inactivation

Won, Jong-Heon,Im, Ho-Teak,Kim, Yang-Hee,Yun, Kyung-Jin,Park, Hee-Juhn,Choi, Jong-Won,Lee, Kyung-Tae 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2006 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2006 No.-

1 Buddlejasaponin IV isolated from Pleurospermum kamtschatidum is an anti-inflammatory compound that inhibits NO, PGE_(2) and TNF-α. production. Here, we studied the mode of action of this compound. 2 Buddlejasaponin IV (2.5-10μm) reduced lipopolysaccaride (LPS (1 μg ml^(-1)))-induced levels of iNOS and COX-2 at the protein levels, and iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. 3 Buddlejasaponin IV inhibited the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-KB (NF-κB), a transcription factor necessary for proinflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression. This effect was accompanied by a parallel reduction in IkB-α degradation and phosphorylation, and by the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit. 4 The effects of buddlejasaponin IV on acute phase inflammation were studied on serotonin- and carrageenan-induced paw edema. The antiedematous effect of buddlejasaponin IV was compared with 10 mgkg^(-1) of indomethacin p.o. Maximum inhibitions of 26 and 41% were noted at a dose of 20 mgkg^(-1) for serotonin- and carrageenan-induced paw edema, respectively. 5 The analgesic effect of buddlejasaponin IV was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests. Buddlejasaponin IV (10 and 20 mgkg^(-1), p.o.) was found to have a marked analgesic effect in both models. 6 These results suggest that the inhibitions of the expressions of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by blocking NF-κB activation, are responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of buddlejasaponin IV isolated from P. kamtschatidum.

Fabrication of 70 nm-sized zero residual polymer patterns by thermal nanoimprint lithography.

Yang, Ki-Yeon,Kim, Jong-Woo,Byeon, Kyeong-Jae,Lee, Hee-Chul,Lee, Heon American Scientific Publishers 2009 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.9 No.7

<P>The formation of a residual layer under the imprinted patterns is commonly observed after the imprinting process. In order to utilize the imprinted patterns into the top-down process, the removal process of the residual layer using oxygen plasma is inevitable. However, the critical dimension of the imprinted patterns can be degraded during the residual layer removal process and this degradation becomes severer for smaller sized patterns. Zero residual layer imprinting therefore has advantages in nano-sized patterning. In this study, 70 nm-narrow polymer patterns with a height of 300 nm were successfully fabricated on a Si wafer without any residual layer using a high aspect ratio template and thin polymer resin layer, after which 70 nm-narrow Cr metal nanowires were formed on the Si wafer through the lift-off process.</P>