Effect of Cattle Breeds on Milk Composition and Technological Characteristics in China

Yang, T.X.,Li, H.,Wang, F.,Liu, X.L.,Li, Q.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.6

Cattle breeds have a striking effect on milk, including milk composition and technological characteristics. This study aims to compare milk composition, acidification activity, viscosity, milk dispersion system stability and casein molecular weight among three buffalo breeds in China. The technological characteristics of milk produced by three cattle breeds of river buffalo (Murrah), crossbreed 1st generation ($F_1$), crossbreed multiple generation ($F_H$, $H{\geq}3$) buffaloes were investigated. Cattle breeds showed evident effect on milk protein, fat and total solids content, but little effect on most of buffalo casein molecular weight. Milk fat, protein content and the viscosity of buffalo milk from river buffalo were lower than those of $F_1$ and $F_H$, so was the buffer capacity. The viscosity was negatively correlated to temperature and concentration. Results of stability coefficient showed that milk dispersion system had the best dynamic stability characteristics under pH 6.6 and 6 times dilution, while zeta potential of Murrah milk was slightly higher than that of hybrid offspring ($F_1$, $F_H$). SDS-PAGE results showed that buffalo ${\alpha}_s$-casein had a slightly faster mobility than standard ${\alpha}_s$-casein; while buffalo ${\beta}$-casein showed a slightly slower mobility than standard ${\beta}$-casein. There is no clear differences in molecular weight of ${\alpha}_s$-, ${\beta}$-, and ${\kappa}$-casein among Murrah, $F_1$ and $F_H$.

Detection of Human Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Antibody with Recombinant Fragmented Ribosomal P Protein

김영훈,Zhaoshou Yang,Jihoo Lee,안혜진,Chom-Kyu Chong,Wagner Maricondi,Ronaldo F. Dias,남호우 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.57 No.4

Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and is endemic in many Latin Ameri- can countries. Diagnosis is based on serologic testing and the WHO recommends two or more serological tests for confir- mation. Acidic ribosomal P protein of T. cruzi showed strong reactivity against positive sera of patients, and we cloned the protein after fragmenting it to enhance its antigenicity and solubility. Twelve positive sera of Chagas disease patients were reacted with the fragmented ribosomal P protein using western blot. Detection rate and density for each fragment were determined. Fragments F1R1, F1R2, and F2R1 showed 100% rate of detection, and average density scoring of 2.00, 1.67, and 2.42 from a maximum of 3.0, respectively. Therefore, the F2R1 fragment of the ribosomal P protein of T. cruzi could be a promising antigen to use in the diagnosis of Chagas disease in endemic regions with high specificity and sensitivity.

miR-30-HNF4γ and miR-194-NR2F2 regulatory networks contribute to the upregulation of metaplasia markers in the stomach

Sousa, Josane F,Nam, Ki Taek,Petersen, Christine P,Lee, Hyuk-Joon,Yang, Han-Kwang,Kim, Woo Ho,Goldenring, James R BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2016 Gut Vol.65 No.6

<P>Objective Intestinal metaplasia and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) are considered neoplastic precursors of gastric adenocarcinoma and are both marked by gene expression alterations in comparison to normal stomach. Since miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, we sought to investigate the role of miRNAs on the development of stomach metaplasias. Design We performed miRNA profiling using a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR approach on laser capture microdissected human intestinal metaplasia and SPEM. Data integration of the miRNA profile with a previous mRNA profile from the same samples was performed to detect potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory circuits. Transfection of gastric cancer cell lines with selected miRNA mimics and inhibitors was used to evaluate their effects on the expression of putative targets and additional metaplasia markers. Results We identified several genes as potential targets of miRNAs altered during metaplasia progression. We showed evidence that HNF4 gamma (upregulated in intestinal metaplasia) is targeted by miR-30 and that miR-194 targets a known co-regulator of HNF4 activity, NR2F2 (downregulated in intestinal metaplasia). Intestinal metaplasia markers such as VIL1, TFF2 and TFF3 were downregulated after overexpression of miR-30a in a HNF4 gamma-dependent manner. In addition, overexpression of HNF4 gamma was sufficient to induce the expression of VIL1 and this effect was potentiated by downregulation of NR2F2. Conclusions The interplay of the two transcription factors HNF4 gamma and NR2F2 and their coordinate regulation by miR-30 and miR-194, respectively, represent a miRNA to transcription factor network responsible for the expression of intestinal transcripts in stomach cell lineages during the development of intestinal metaplasia.</P>

DdeI Polymorphism in Coding Region of Goat POU1F1 Gene and Its Association with Production Traits

Lan, X.Y.,Pan, C.Y.,Chen, H.,Lei, C.Z.,Hua, L.S.,Yang, X.B.,Qiu, G.Y.,Zhang, R.F.,Lun, Y.Z. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.9

POU1F1 is a positive regulator for GH, PRL and TSH${\beta}$ and its mutations associate with production traits in ruminant animals. We described a DdeI PCR-RFLP method for detecting a silent allele in the goat POU1F1 gene: TCT (241Ser)>TCG (241Ser). Frequencies of $D_1$ allele varied from 0.600 to 1.000 in Chinese 801 goats. Significant associations of DdeI polymorphism with production traits were found in milk yield (*p<0.05), litter size (*p<0.05) and one-year-old weight (*p<0.05) between different genotypes. Individuals with genotype $D_1D_1$ had a superior performances when compared to those with genotype $D_1D_2$ (*p<0.05). Hence, the POU1F1 gene was suggested to the potential candidate gene for superior milk performance, reproduction trait and weight trait. Genotype $D_1D_1$, characterized by a DdeI PCR-RFLP detection, was recommended to geneticists and breeders as a molecular marker for better performance in the goat industry.

Safety assessment of nuclear fuel reprocessing plant under the free drop impact of spent fuel cask and fuel assembly part I: Large-scale model test and finite element model validation

Li, Z.C.,Yang, Y.H.,Dong, Z.F.,Huang, T.,Wu, H. Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.8

This paper aims to evaluate the structural dynamic responses and damage/failure of the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant under the free drop impact of spent fuel cask (SFC) and fuel assembly (FA) during the on-site transportation. At the present Part I of this paper, the large-scale SFC model free drop test and the corresponding numerical simulations are performed. Firstly, a composite target which is composed of the protective structure, i.e., a thin RC plate (representing the inverted U-shaped slab in the loading shaft) and/or an autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks sacrificial layer, as well as a thick RC plate (representing the bottom slab in the loading shaft) is designed and fabricated. Then, based on the large dropping tower, the free drop test of large-scale SFC model with the mass of 3 t is carried out from the height of 7 m-11 m. It indicates that the bottom slab in the loading shaft could not resist the free drop impact of SFC. The composite protective structure can effectively reduce the damage and vibrations of the bottom slab, and the inverted U-shaped slab could relieve the damage of the AAC blocks layer dramatically. Furthermore, based on the finite element (FE) program LS-DYNA, the corresponding refined numerical simulations are performed. By comparing the experimental and numerical damage and vibration accelerations of the composite structures, the present adopted numerical algorithms, constitutive models and parameters are validated, which will be applied in the further assessment of drop impact effects of full-scale SFC and FA on prototype nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in the next Part II of this paper.

Investigating creep behavior of Ni–Cr–W alloy pressurized tube at 950 °C by using in-situ creep testing system

Zhong Yang,Lan Kuan-Che,Lee Hoon,Zhou Bomou,Wang Yong,Tsang D.K.L.,Stubbins James F. 한국원자력학회 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.7

The creep behavior of NieCreW alloy at 950 C has been investigated by a novel creep testing system which is capable of in-situ measurement of strain. Tubular specimens were pressurized with argon gas for effective stresses up to 32 MPa. Experimental results show that the thermal fatigue reduces the creep life of the tubular specimens and with the introduction of thermal cycling fatigue the primary stage disappears and the creep rate higher than the pure thermal creep (without thermal fatigue). Also the creep behavior of NieCreW alloy doesn't consist in the secondary stage. A new creep equation has been derived and implemented into finite element method. The results from the finite element analyses are in good agreement with the creep experiment.

Association Between HLA-DQ Genotypes and Haplotypes vs Helicobacter pylori Infection in an Indonesian Population

Zhao, Yang,Wang, Jingwen,Tanaka, Tsutomu,Hosono, Akihiro,Ando, Ryosuke,Soeripto, Soeripto,Triningsih, F.X. Ediati,Triono, Tegu,Sumoharjo, Suwignyo,Astuti, E.Y. Wenny,Gunawan, Stephanus,Tokudome, Shink Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal pathogen related to the development of not only atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer, but also gastric cancer. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) may play particular roles in host immune responses to bacterial antigens. This study aimed to investigate the association between HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genotypes and haplotypes vs H. pylori infection in an Indonesian population. Methods: We selected 294 healthy participants in Mataram, Lombok Island, Indonesia. H. pylori infection was determined by urea breath test (UBT). We analyzed HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genotypes by PCR-RFLP and constructed haplotypes of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genes. Multiple comparisons were conducted according to the Bonferroni method. Results: The H. pylori infection rate was 11.2% in this Indonesian population. The DQB1*0401 genotype was noted to be associated with a high risk of H. pylori infection, compared with the DQB1*0301 genotype. None of the HLA-DQA1 or DQB1 haplotypes were related to the risk of H. pylori infection. Conclusions: The study suggests that HLADQB1 genes play important roles in H. pylori infection, but there was no statistically significant association between HLA-DQA1 or DQB1 haplotypes and H.pylori infection in our Lombok Indonesian population.

Evaluation of Energy Digestibility and Prediction of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy from Chemical Composition of Different Cottonseed Meal Sources Fed to Growing Pigs

Li, J.T.,Li, D.F.,Zang, J.J.,Yang, W.J.,Zhang, W.J.,Zhang, L.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.10

The present experiment was conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) content, and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy in growing pigs fed diets containing one of ten cottonseed meals (CSM) collected from different provinces of China and to develop in vitro prediction equations for DE and ME content from chemical composition of the CSM samples. Twelve growing barrows with an initial body weight of $35.2{\pm}1.7$ kg were allotted to two $6{\times}6$ Latin square designs, with six barrows and six periods and six diets for each. A corn-dehulled soybean meal diet was used as the basal diet, and the other ten diets were formulated with corn, dehulled soybean meal and 19.20% CSM. The DE, ME and ATTD of gross energy among different CSM sources varied largely and ranged from 1,856 to 2,730 kcal/kg dry matter (DM), 1,778 to 2,534 kcal/kg DM, and 42.08 to 60.47%, respectively. Several chemical parameters were identified to predict the DE and ME values of CSM, and the accuracy of prediction models were also tested. The best fit equations were: DE, kcal/kg DM = 670.14+31.12 CP+659.15 EE with $R^2$ = 0.82, RSD = 172.02, p<0.05; and ME, kcal/kg DM = 843.98+25.03 CP+673.97 EE with $R^2$ = 0.84, RSD = 144.79, p<0.05. These results indicate that DE, ME values and ATTD of gross energy varied substantially among different CSM sources, and that some prediction equations can be applied to predict DE and ME in CSM with an acceptable accuracy.

CRITICAL HEAT FLUX FOR DOWNWARD-FACINGBOILING ON A COATED HEMISPHERICAL VESSELSURROUNDED BY AN INSULATION STRUCTURE

J. YANG, F. B. CHEUNG,J. L. REMPE,S. B. KIM,서균렬 한국원자력학회 2006 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.38 No.2

An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effects of surface coating and an enhanced insulation structure onthe downward facing boiling process and the critical heat flux on the outer surface of a hemispherical vessel. Steady-stateboiling tests were conducted in the Subscale Boundary Layer Boiling (SBLB) facility using an enhanced vessel/insulationdesign for the cases with and without vessel coatings. Based on the boiling data, CHF correlations were obtained for bothplain and coated vessels. It was found that the nucleate boiling rates and the local CHF limits for the case with micro-porouslayer coating were consistently higher than those values for a plain vessel at the same angular location. The enhancement inthe local CHF limits and nucleate boiling rates was mainly due to the micro-porous layer coating that increased the localliquid supply rate toward the vaporization sites on the vessel surface. For the case with thermal insulation, the local CHFlimit tended to increase from the bottom center at first, then decrease toward the minimum gap location, and finally increasetoward the equator. This non-monotonic behavior, which differed significantly from the case without thermal insulation, wasevidently due to the local variation of the two-phase motions in the annular channel between the test vessel and the insulationstructure.

Effects of Feeding Purified Zearalenone Contaminated Diets with or without Clay Enterosorbent on Growth, Nutrient Availability, and Genital Organs in Post-weaning Female Pigs

Jiang, S.Z.,Yang, Z.B.,Yang, W.R.,Yao, B.Q.,Zhao, H.,Liu, F.X.,Chen, C.C.,Chi, F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.1

The effects of different levels of natural clay enterosorbent on the growth, nutrient availability, and genital organs of post-weaning female pigs fed with an addition of zearalenone (ZEA) were investigated in the study. A total of thirty-five post-weaning gilts ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$) with an average body weight of 12.36${\pm}$1.46 kg were used in the test. The gilts were raised individually in metabolism cages and fed a corn-soybean meal-whey basal diet with an addition of 0 or 1 mg/kg of ZEA for 24 d with four levels of natural clay enterosorbent added in the feed. The treatments were: i) control; ii) control+2.5 g/kg clay; iii) control+1 mg/kg ZEA; iv) control+1 mg/kg ZEA+1.25 g/kg clay; v) control+1 mg/kg ZEA+2.5 g/kg clay; vi) control+1 mg/kg ZEA+5.0 g/kg clay; vii) control+1 mg/kg ZEA +10 g/kg clay. Pigs fed diets contaminated with additional purified ZEA had significantly reduced apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE) and apparent metabolic rate of GE (ME/GE, p<0.05) without changes of net protein utilization (NPU, p>0.05). Final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), vulva length, vulva width, vulva area, relative weights of genital organ and proliferative changes of the ovary tissues in gilts fed ZEA-contaminated diet were increased (p<0.05) compared to the gilts fed the control diet. Addition of natural clay enterosorbent in the ZEA-contaminated diet showed a positive protection effect on ZEA feeding, and the protection was increased linearly or quadratically as clay content increased. However, in pigs fed a diet with clay alone at 2.5 g/kg level there was no significant impact (p>0.05) on all the parameters as compared to the control. It is suggested that feeding ZEA at about 1.0 mg/kg for 24 days might result in a deleterious effect in pigs, and addition of 5 or 10 g clay enterosorbent per kg diet can effectively neutralize the detrimental effects of the ZEA feeding.