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Ray, Schindra Kumar,Dhakal, Dipesh,Regmi, Chhabilal,Yamaguchui, Tokutaro,Lee, Soo Wohn Elsevier 2018 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Che Vol.350 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>α-NiMoO<SUB>4</SUB> has been successfully implemented in different morphologies <I>via</I> microwave hydrothermal technique in presence of surfactants (Polyethylene Glycol, Sodium Citrate, and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate). The inactivation of multidrug-resistant pathogens, <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (<I>S. aureus</I>) has been investigated in the presence of visible light as well as in dark. <I>S. aureus</I> was inactivated in 6h under visible light irradiation. A slight inactivation of <I>S. aureus</I> was observed in dark. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, ROS (O<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>, OH, and H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) in visible light was observed by using 2, 7-dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFA-DA) and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), which suggests the bacterial inactivation by ROS. Nanowires morphology of α-NiMoO<SUB>4</SUB> exhibited effective bactericidal efficiency in visible light as compared to small bundle of needles, nanorod, large bundle of needles because of small size/diameter, toxicity, enhancement of ROS generation, and high BET surface area. The damages in the phospholipid layer present in the cell membrane of <I>S. aureus</I> were observed by FESEM analysis. Furthermore, the observation of DNA damages and protein degradation percentage give the evidence of ROS effect for deactivating the bacteria. So, this study offers new insight into the photocatalytic inactivation of multidrug-resistant microorganisms by morphology modulated visible light driven α-NiMoO<SUB>4</SUB> photocatalyst.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fabrication of different morphologies α-NiMoO<SUB>4</SUB> by Microwave hydrothermal method. </LI> <LI> Tuning of morphology by surfactants (PEG, SC, and SDS). </LI> <LI> <I>S. aureus</I> inactivation in 6h under visible light. </LI> <LI> Analysis of damages in the cell membrane/DNA/protein degradation. </LI> <LI> Detection of ROS (O<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>, OH, and H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) by DCFA-DA and NBT assay. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>