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중성자 선량 측정을 위한 Bubble-Damage Polymer Detector의 개발
우 홍,加藤和明,강영호,김도성 대한방사선 방어학회 1988 방사선방어학회지 Vol.13 No.1
중성자선량측정을 위하여 방사선과의 상호작용으로 인한 과열된 액체의 기화를 원리로 하는 bubble-damage polymer detector를 개발하였다. acrylamide와 글리세린으로 만든 중합체에 과열상태의 Freon12 액체방울을 분산시켜 검출기를 제작하였으며 중성자 조사에 의해 형성된 기포는 즉각적인 육안관측이 가능하였다. 검출기의 중성자 감도는 Am-Be중성자에 대하여 4-7 bubbles/10μSv이었다. A bubble-damage polymer detector, which operation principles are based on vaporization of superheated liquid drops by interaction with radiations, is developed for neutron dosimetry. The detectors are fabricated by dispersing the superheated liquid drops of Freonl2 into transparent and elastic polymer made of acylamide and glycerine. The bubbles formed by neutron irradiation are immediately visible. The neutron sensitivity of the detectors is 4-7 bubbles/10μSv for Am-Be neutrons.
Somatotropic Axis and Nutrition in Young Ruminants around Weaning Time
Katoh, K.,Takahashi, T.,Kobayashi, Y.,Obara, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.7
The somatotropic (GH-IGF-I) axis consists of many hormonal and nutritional factors that control GH release from the somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary. The GH-releasing substances are GHRH and GHS (GHRP or ghrelin), while the GH release-inhibiting substances are somatostatin (SRIF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), leptin and glucocorticoids. However, there is evidence showing that nutrition is involved in the control of the somatotropic axis. In addition, weaning is a drastic event for neonates because their alimentary and endocrine circumstances are changed due to the switch, even if gradual, from a liquid milk diet to one composed of such solids as hay and grains. The biological role of ghrelin is one of the hormonal factors that have been focused on ever since ghrelin was discovered at the end of the last century. A 27-amino acid peptide that is mainly synthesized and released from the abomasum epithelium, ghrelin has not been fully evaluated in relation to the somatotropic axis of the ruminant. It has also proven difficult even to investigate the cellular mechanisms of ghrelin action, because this hormone exerts animal-species-dependent actions via a complex set of intracellular signaling pathways. This is also the case for the action of leptin. Another substance, IGF-I, shows a partial inhibitory action on GH secretion in the ruminant. The effect of nutrition is also different among animal species. This is evident by the fact that undernutrition suppresses the circulating GH levels in rodents, but increases it in ruminants and humans. Recently, weaning has been shown to change the postprandial GH responses in ruminants; milk feeding increases, but hay and concentrate feeding suppress, the postprandial circulating GH levels. Even if the postprandial GH level is increased, the ghrelin level is decreased by milk feeding. Macronutrients also possess stimulatory and inhibitory actions on GH secretion in vivo and in vitro. These findings indicate the complexity of the control mechanisms of the somatotropic axis. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on the factors controlling the axis of the ruminant.
Suzuki, Y.,Hong, Y.H.,Song, S.H.,Ardiyanti, A.,Kato, D.,So, K.H.,Katoh, K.,Roh, Sang-Gun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.9
Adipokines, adipocyte-derived protein, have important roles in various kinds of physiology including energy homeostasis. Chemerin, one of adipocyte-derived adipokines, is highly expressed in differentiated adipocytes and is known to induce macrophage chemotaxis and glucose intolerance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes of chemerin and the chemokine-like-receptor 1 (CMKLR1) gene expression levels during differentiation of the bovine adipocyte and in differentiated adipocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), adiponectin, leptin, and chemerin (peptide analog). The expression levels of the chemerin gene increased at d 6 and 12 of the differentiation period accompanied by increased cytoplasm lipid droplets. From d 6 onward, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}2$ (PPAR-${\gamma}2$) gene expression levels were significantly higher than that of d 0 and 3. In contrast, CMKLR1 expression levels decreased at the end of the differentiation period. In fully differentiated adipocytes (i.e. at d 12), the treatment of TNF-${\alpha}$ and adiponectin upregulated both chemerin and CMKLR1 gene expression levels, although leptin did not show such effects. Moreover, chemerin analog treatment was shown to upregulate chemerin gene expression levels regardless of doses. These results suggest that the expression of chemerin in bovine adipocyte might be regulated by chemerin itself and other adipokines, which indicates its possible role in modulating the adipokine secretions in adipose tissues.
Electrostatic Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves as a Candidate to Cause Pulsating Auroras
Fukizawa, M.,Sakanoi, T.,Miyoshi, Y.,Hosokawa, K.,Shiokawa, K.,Katoh, Y.,Kazama, Y.,Kumamoto, A.,Tsuchiya, F.,Miyashita, Y.,Tanaka, Y. ‐,M.,Kasahara, Y.,Ozaki, M.,Matsuoka, A.,Matsuda, S.,Hikish American Geophysical Union 2018 Geophysical Research Letters Vol.45 No.23