The Effect of Different Post-Purchase Discount Formats on Consumers’ Perceptions of Loss and Willingness to Return the Product

Xueqing Luo,Jennifer J. Lee 한국유통과학회 2017 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2017 No.-

This research is constructed by main study and supplementary study. In the main study, we determine to study the effect of different formats of post-purchase discount on two dependent measures: consumers’ perceptions of loss and willingness to return. Price promotion is one of the most commonly used methods to increase sales and revenue. If a promotion is announced before the purchase (i.e., pre-purchase discount), consumers are likely to perceive it as a benefit. If announced after the purchase (i.e., post-purchase discount), consumers tend to perceive the discount as a loss. Previous studies have stated that in pre-purchase discount condition, promotions change consumers’ purchase decisions, and consumers perceive different formats of discount. However, to our knowledge, the effect of different post-purchase discount formats has not been researched. Our research aims to fill this gap by proposing how consumers perceive the post-purchase discount, and whether they have different degrees of willingness to return the purchased product under various formats of post-purchase discount. We use a two-way ANOVA (2 Initial Prices x 2 Discount formats) to analyze subjects’ perceptions of loss and willingness to return. For marketing practitioners, we intend to suggest optimal promotion formats that alleviate consumers’ negative perceptions and prevent additional operating costs.

The Effect of Post-Purchase Discount Format on Consumers’ Perception of Loss and Willingness to Return

Xueqing Luo,Jennifer J. Lee 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.5 No.4

Price discount is one of the commonly used promotion strategies to increase sales and revenue. If a discount is perceived before the purchase (i.e., pre-purchase discount), consumers are likely to perceive it as a potential gain. If it is noticed after making a regular-priced purchase (i.e., post-purchase discount), consumers may develop negative emotions and attitudes. Based on the rising transparency and omnipresence of price and discount information through web and mobile platforms, we attempt to tackle an understudied topic on the negative effect of post-purchase price discount. Specifically, post-purchase discount information may increase consumers’ perception of monetary loss, which may affect consumers’ decision to return the product, potentially increasing the operating costs borne by retailers. Based on a close scrutinization of the current market environment and previous academic literature, we suggest a novel conceptual framework to understand consumers’ perception, attitude, and behavior (perception of loss, willingness to return) upon perceiving various formats of discount promotion (absolute value vs. percentage discount) posterior to the purchase of a product. We also look at the effect of price level (low-priced vs. high-priced). For marketing practitioners, we intend to suggest optimal promotion formats that can alleviate consumers’ negative perceptions and prevent additional operation costs.

Influence of raw materials ratio on performance of permeable bricks made from electric porcelain waste

Jieguang Song,Xueqing Yang,Ping Chen,Hao Xu,Deping Luo,Rongjin Liu,Zhijun Lai 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2022 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.23 No.4

The prepared permeable bricks using electric porcelain waste as the main raw material are investigated, which improves theutilization rate of electric porcelain waste, and realizes the organic unity of recycling resource and ecological environmentprotection. The effects of different raw material ratios on the permeability coefficient, apparent porosity, compressive strength,volume shrinkage rate and microstructure properties of electric porcelain waste permeable bricks are investigated. The electricporcelain waste with a ratio of over 85 wt.% have greatly improved the utilization rate of electric porcelain waste. The resultsare shown that the water-to-material ratio or foaming agent content are increased, the porosity and water permeability of theelectric porcelain waste permeable brick are increased, but the compressive strength of the electric porcelain waste permeablebrick is decreased. The 90 wt.% electric porcelain waste, the 3 wt.% kaolin, the 5 wt.% sintering aid, and the 2 wt.% foamingagents are optimum raw materials ratios, the water-to-material ratio for 0.9 and the drying temperature at 40 oC, the sinteringtemperature at 1200 oC and holding time for 1 h are obtained the excellent performance electric porcelain waste permeablebricks. The permeability coefficient is 3.9×10−2 cm/s, the volume shrinkage rate is 37.88%, the compressive strength is 1.146MPa, and the porosity is 79.0%.

The technology and properties of sponge city permeable bricks prepared using refractory waste

Jieguang Song,Xueqing Yang,Ping Chen,Rongjin Liu,Deping Luo,Yuxuan Wei,Wenjin Yao,Jingjing Liu,Qing Zeng 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2021 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.22 No.4

With the widespread development of sponge city projects across the country, the use of industrial permeable bricks hasincreased dramatically. My country produces a large amount of refractory waste and pollutes the environment seriously. Wasterefractory insulation bricks are used as the main raw materials, and a small amount of auxiliary raw materials are added toprepare sponge urban permeable bricks through forming and sintering processes. Through performance tests, such asporosity, flexural strength, and water permeability coefficient, the effect of process parameters on the performance ofpermeable bricks is studied, the process parameters of using refractory waste are comprehensively optimized to preparesponge urban permeable bricks, and permeable bricks are prepared for the industrialization of high-quality industrial solidwaste. Brick provides reference. Through the experimental results and analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: the rawmaterial ratio of refractory brick waste: binder: foaming agent: sintering aid is 80:10:1:9. Slurry water mill foaming occurswhen the water to material ratio is 0.5, the ball milling speed is 80 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2 h; the foaming effectand molding performance are better. In the drying stage, drying at 45 oC for 12 h has the best molding effect. The sinteringsystem at 1,300 oC and holding time of 1 h has the best sintering performance. After optimizing the process, the porosity ofthe permeable bricks can reach 48.4%, the water permeability coefficient is 2.1×10^-2 cm/s, the national permeable brick hasA-level standard, and the compressive strength is 26.8 MPa.

Sintering-resistant Cu/B/Ca/Al2O3 catalysts for durable hydrogenation of sec-butyl acetate to 2-butanol and ethanol

Peiyong Sun,Haixing Wang,Xueqing Luo,Changbin Jia,Shenghong Zhang,Zhilong Yao 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.74 No.-

Quaternary Cu/B/Ca/Al2O3 catalyst extrudates were prepared and optimized for hydrogenation of secbutylacetate (SBA) to 2-butanol and ethanol. The rationally designed catalyst with a B/Cu molar ratio of3/1 exhibited an extraordinary resistance to Cu sintering during the reaction over 1000 h, due to theenhanced interaction by B2O3 between copper species and support. The slight loss in activity after thelong-term test, caused mainly by the partial transformation of surface CaO to calcium acetate, could beeasily recovered by calcination and the following reduction treatments, rendering it feasible to apply thecatalyst to the industrial hydrogenation of SBA.

Preparation and properties of coated silica/aluminum cermet materials via powder metallurgy method

Jieguang Song,Yue Liu,Chunxiao Wu,Xueqing Yang,Huihui Luo,Chunyan He,Chengbin Li,Haizhen Yang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2020 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.21 No.2

Cermet is a combination of metal and ceramic, it exhibits some special properties, so it is one of the most widely usedengineering materials. In this paper, the properties of encapsulated SiO2/Al cermet were prepared by powder metallurgymethod. Results showed that the density of SiO2/Al cermet is increased with an increasing Al content. When the Al contentis high, and the high temperature is sintered, the liquid phase can fully bond the surrounding SiO2 particles to form a relativelycontinuous and dense structure, thereby obtaining a high microstructure density. When the SiO2:Al ratio is increased from 1:1to 1:3, the hardness is gradually increased. The hardness and density of the sample are gradually increased with an increasingmolding pressure. The surface hardness of the cermet is increased first and then decreased with an increasing sinteringtemperature. When the SiO2:Al ratio is 1:3, the holding time is 10 min under molding pressure of 15 MPa, and the sinteringtemperature is 900 °C for 1 h, the surface hardness of the obtained coated SiO2/Al cermet is high, the value is 175.2 HV.

Fabrication and properties of Al2O3-Al cermet materials using different raw material composition parameter

Jieguang Song,Yue Liu,Chunxiao Wu,Xueqing Yang,Yipeng Gong,Jianzhen Huang,Chunyan He,Huihui Luo,Aixia Chen 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2020 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.21 No.1

Cermet application is extensive because it retains the characteristics of ceramic materials and has the advantages of metalmaterials. In this paper, alumina/aluminum cermet materials were prepared through powder metallurgy method. Theinfluence of raw material formula on the properties of alumina/aluminum cermet was investigated on the basis that ceramicmaterials have good wear resistance and high thermal conductivity. Results show that when the mass ratio of alumina toaluminum is 1:3, the prepared cermet samples have excellent properties, highest density, and uniform distribution ofaluminum and alumina. MgO addition exhibits better effect, higher degree of densification, and renders higher hardness andstrength for the sample as compared with SiO2 and Y2O3 addition. The sintered cermet with composite powder prepared viaprecipitation has better properties and higher densities and surface hardness than that prepared via the ball mill method. Therelative density was 97.1%, surface hardness was 875 HV, and electric resistance was 0.0169 Ω·m.

Sex difference of autosomal alleles in populations of European and African descent

Lingjun Zuo,Tong Wang,Xiandong Lin,Jijun Wang,Yunlong Tan,Xiaoping Wang,Xueqing Yu,Xingguang Luo 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.12

In the present study, we aimed to report the individual sex-different genetic markers across autosomes in European- and African-origin populations. A total of 8400 females and 8081 males in 19 independent cohorts were genotyped across genomes using Illumina or Affymetrix arrays. The allele frequencies were compared between females and males in nine non-clean cohorts (with some human disease traits) using genome-wide logistic regression and then the nominally significant associations were replicated across 10 clean cohorts (without disease traits). Meta-analysis was performed to derive the combined p values across all cohorts. We found 13 markers that were genome-wide significant (p B 5 9 10-8) between females and males in the meta-analysis of all cohorts of European descent, including rs7740449 at SYNE1, rs7531151 at PLD5, rs697455 at PPP1R12B, rs6745746 at LOC100128413, rs17000079 at PARM1, rs11948070 at PDE4D, rs7801825 at INSIG1, rs9551642 at MTUS2, rs2932174 at TPTE2, rs1961597 at SALL3, rs4117529 at METTL4, rs6021473 at SALL4 and rs6092466 at RAE1, and one marker, i.e., rs10145208 at PCNX, that was genomewide significant in the meta-analysis of all cohorts of African descent. The most robust finding was rs7740449 at SYNE1, next to ESR1. We conclude that there are many sex-different markers on autosomes. These markers may be informative in differentiating females and males.