Revisiting China’s Use of Force in Asia: Dynamic, Level and Beyond

Sun Xuefeng and Huang Yuxing,Huang Yuxing 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2012 Pacific Focus Vol.27 No.3

Abstract: In the context of China’s rapid rise, scholars still debate heatedly and always make contrasted predictions on China’s use of force. This article seeks to identify the determining factors of a rising China’s use of force and its varying levels. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, China’s use of force has been shaped by its high external vulnerabilities. They consist of two major security concerns: the homeland encirclement by superpowers and the increasing support from the outside to domestic splitting factions. Consistency in China’s use of force can be explained by the legitimacy of the party involved and the regional power position in East Asia. The level of the use of force has been determined by China’s relative capability to its adversaries. Specifically, China will use high levels of force, such as wars or lengthy conflicts, if it enjoys the favorable relative capability. On the contrary, China will use low levels of force, such as blockade, artillery attacks and very short combats, if the opposite is true. Based on these findings and current regional trends in East Asia, the authors are optimistic about China’s non-use of force in Taiwan and territorial or maritime disputes in East Asia over the next decade.

Novel Single Switch DC-DC Converter for High Step-Up Conversion Ratio

Xuefeng Hu,Benbao Gao,Yuanyuan Huang,Hao Chen 전력전자학회 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.3

This paper presents a new structure for a step up dc-dc converter, which has several advantageous features. Firstly, the input dc source and the clamped capacitor are connected in series to transfer energy to the load through dual voltage multiplier cells. Therefore, the proposed converter can produce a very high voltage and a high conversion efficiency. Secondly, a double voltage clamped circuit is introduced to the primary side of the coupled inductor. The energy of the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor is recycled and the inrush current problem of the clamped circuits can be shared equally by two synchronous clamped capacitors. Therefore, the voltage spike of the switch tube is solved and the current stress of the diode is reduced. Thirdly, dual voltage multiplier cells can absorb the leakage inductance energy of the secondary side of the coupled inductor to obtain a higher efficiency. Fourthly, the active switch turns on at almost zero current and the reverse-recovery problem of the diodes is alleviated due to the leakage inductance, which further improves the conversion efficiency. The operating principles and a steady-state analysis of the continuous, discontinuous and boundary conduction modes are discussed in detail. Finally, the validity of this topology is confirmed by experimental results.

Novel Single Switch DC-DC Converter for High Step-Up Conversion Ratio

Hu, Xuefeng,Gao, Benbao,Huang, Yuanyuan,Chen, Hao The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.3

This paper presents a new structure for a step up dc-dc converter, which has several advantageous features. Firstly, the input dc source and the clamped capacitor are connected in series to transfer energy to the load through dual voltage multiplier cells. Therefore, the proposed converter can produce a very high voltage and a high conversion efficiency. Secondly, a double voltage clamped circuit is introduced to the primary side of the coupled inductor. The energy of the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor is recycled and the inrush current problem of the clamped circuits can be shared equally by two synchronous clamped capacitors. Therefore, the voltage spike of the switch tube is solved and the current stress of the diode is reduced. Thirdly, dual voltage multiplier cells can absorb the leakage inductance energy of the secondary side of the coupled inductor to obtain a higher efficiency. Fourthly, the active switch turns on at almost zero current and the reverse-recovery problem of the diodes is alleviated due to the leakage inductance, which further improves the conversion efficiency. The operating principles and a steady-state analysis of the continuous, discontinuous and boundary conduction modes are discussed in detail. Finally, the validity of this topology is confirmed by experimental results.

Effects of Machining and Oil Mist Parameters on Electrostatic Minimum Quantity Lubrication–EMQL Turning Process

Shuiquan Huang,Tao Lv,Minghuan Wang,Xuefeng Xu 한국정밀공학회 2018 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.5 No.2

A cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to conventional flood cooling-lubrication and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is electrostatic minimum quantity lubrication (EMQL). EMQL, which is a novel green machining technology that utilizes the synergetic effects between electrostatic spraying (ES) and MQL, has been successfully shown a potential in milling process. However, the effective application of EMQL is not only connected with machining parameters, such as cutting speed and feed rate, but also related to oil mist parameters including charging voltage, lubricant flow rate, air pressure, and nozzle position and distance. This paper investigated the effect of the above parameters on the cutting performance of EMQL turning stainless steels in comparison with completely dry and conventional wet and MQL cutting. The results suggested that cutting speed and voltage were important factors affecting the effectiveness of EMQL, and found that there were the optimum air pressure and nozzle position and distance when EMQL turning AISI 304 stainless steel. Properly selecting these parameters, a viable alternative to wet and MQL cutting could be achieved by promoting lubricants into cutting interface to reduce friction and adhesion of work-piece materials on the interface.

Development of a novel self-validating soft sensor

Yiqi Liu,Daoping Huang,Yan Li,Xuefeng Zhu 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.9

A self-validating soft sensor is proposed that not only can perform self-diagnostics and self-reconstruction,but also generate a variety of output data types, including the prediction values, input sensors status of soft sensor and the uncertainty values which represent the credibility of soft sensor’s output. The input sensors are validated before performing a prediction by principal components analysis (PCA) model. These validated data are then employed for subsequent recursive partial least square (RPLS) prediction. Other than input sensor validation and modeling for prediction,a t-statistic confidence interval is created and the status of input sensors is offered. By using this self-validating soft sensor, we can determine the work condition of the soft sensor and take proper actions in real time. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case study of a wastewater treatment process.

Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Patients with Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Pituitary Adenomas

Jingpeng Liu,Peng Huang,Xiaoqing Zhang,Yong Chen,Xin Zheng,Rufei Shen,Xuefeng Tang,Hui Yang,Song Li 대한신경외과학회 2023 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.66 No.1

Objective : Ischemia and hemorrhage of pituitary adenomas (PA) caused important clinical syndrome. However, the differences on clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes between these two kinds apoplexy were less reported. Methods : A retrospective analysis was made of patients with pituitary apoplexy between January 2013 and June 2018. Baseline and clinical characteristics before surgery were reviewed. All patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery and were followed up at least 1 year. Results : Total 67 cases (5.8%) among 1147 pituitary tumor patients were enrolled, which consisted of 28 (~2.4%) ischemic PA and 39 (~3.4%) hemorrhagic PA. There were more male patients in the ischemic group compared with hemorrhagic group (78.6% vs 53.8%, p=0.043). However, the mean age, tumor size and functional tumor ratio were significant higher in the hemorrhagic group. Headache was more common in ischemic PA (82.1%) than that of hemorrhagic PA (51.3%, p=0.011). Magnetic resonance imaging findings found that mucosal thickening and enhancement of the sphenoid sinus was observed in 15 ischemic PA patients (n=27, 55.6%), but none in patients with hemorrhagic PA (n=38, p<0.0001). It was worth noting that the rate of pre-surgical hypopituitarism in ischemic PA patients were seemed higher than that in hemorrhagic PA patients, but not significant. The two groups got a total tumor resection rate at 94.1% and 92.9%, independently. No significant difference on the operative time, blood loss in operation and complications in perioperative period was observed in two groups. After operation, cranial nerve symptoms recovered to normal at 81.8% of ischemic PA patients and 82.6% of hemorrhagic PA patients. Importantly, the incidence of postoperative hypopituitarism partially decreased in both groups, among which the rate of hypothyroidism in ischemic PA patients significantly decreased from 46.4% to 18.5% (p=0.044). Conclusion : Patients with ischemic PA presented different clinical characteristics to the hemorrhagic ones. Transsphenoidal surgery should be considered for the patients with neuro-ophthalmic deficits and might benefit for pituitary function recovery of the apoplectic adenoma patients, especially pituitary thyroid axis in ischemic PA patients.

Association analysis of polymorphisms in six keratin genes with wool traits in sheep

Sulayman, Ablat,Tursun, Mahira,Sulaiman, Yiming,Huang, Xixia,Tian, Kechuan,Tian, Yuezhen,Xu, Xinming,Fu, Xuefeng,Mamat, Amat,Tulafu, Hanikezi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.6

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic effects of six keratin (KRT) genes on the wool traits of 418 Chinese Merino (Xinjiang type) (CMXT) individuals. Methods: To explore the effects and association of six KRT genes on sheep wool traits, The polymerase chain reaction-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), DNA sequencing, and the gene pyramiding effect methods were used. Results: We report 20 mutation sites (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) within the six KRT genes, in which twelve induced silent mutations; five induced missense mutations and resulted in $Ile{\rightarrow}Thr$, $Glu{\rightarrow}Asp$, $Gly{\rightarrow}Ala$, $Ala{\rightarrow}Ser$, $Se{\rightarrow}His$; two were nonsense mutations and one was a same-sense mutation. Association analysis showed that two genotypes of the KRT31 gene were significantly associated with fiber diameter (p<0.05); three genotypes of the KRT36 gene were significantly associated with wool fineness score and fiber diameter (p<0.05), three genotypes of the KRT38 gene were significantly associated with the number of crimps (p<0.05); and three genotypes of the KRT85 gene were significantly associated with wool crimps score, body size, and fiber diameter (p<0.05). Analysis of the gene pyramiding effect between the different genotypes of the gene loci KRT36, KRT38, and KRT85, each genotype in a gene locus was combined with all the genotypes of another two gene loci and formed the different three loci combinations, indicated a total of 26 types of possible combined genotypes in the analyzed population. Compared with the other combined genotypes, the combinations CC-GG-II, CC-HH-IJ, CC-HH-JJ, DD-HH-JJ, CC-GH-IJ, and CC-GH-JJ at gene loci KRT36, KRT38, and KRT85, respectively, had a greater effect on wool traits (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the mutation loci of KRT31, KRT36, KRT38, and KRT85 genes, as well as the combinations at gene loci KRT36, KRT38, and KRT85 in CMXT have significant effects on wool traits, suggesting that these genes are important candidate genes for wool traits, which will contribute to sheep breeding and provide a molecular basis for improved wool quality in sheep.

CXCL-13 Regulates Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer

Guolin Zhang,Xin Luo,Wei Zhang,Engeng Chen,Jianbin Xu,Fei Wang,Gaoyang Cao,Zhenyu Ju,Dongai Jin,Xuefeng Huang,Wei Zhou,Zhangfa Song 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.2

Purpose 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is used as a conventional chemotherapy drug in chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer, but many patients still suffer from treatment failure due to 5-Fu resistance. Emerging observations revealed the important role of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL-13) in tumor microenvironment and its relationship with prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. This study is designed to reveal the important role of CXCL-13 in causing colorectal cancer resistance to 5-Fu. Materials and Methods CXCL-13 levels of patient's serum or cell culture supernatants were measured separately by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In cell assays, cell viability is detected by Cell Counting Kit-8. Therefore, the recombinant human CXCL-13 was used to simulate its high expression in cells while its antibody and siRNA were used to reduce CXCL-13 expression in cells. Results In this study, we demonstrated that CXCL-13 is associated with 5-Fu resistance by culture medium exchange experiments and cytokine arrays of colorectal cancer resistant and nonresistant cells. Clinical studies showed that CXCL-13 is highly expressed in the serum of 5-Fu–resistant patients. High levels of serum CXCL-13 also predict a worse clinical outcome. The addition of recombinant CXCL-13 cytokine resulted in 5-Fu resistance, while its antibody overcame 5-Fu resistance, and knockdown of CXCL-13 expression by siRNA also reduced 5-Fu resistance, which can be saved by added recombination CXCL-13. Conclusion These results not only identify a CXCL-13 mediated 5-Fu resistance mechanism but also provide a novel target for 5-Fu–resistant colorectal cancer in prevention and treatment strategies.

Identification of DNA methylation and genetic alteration simultaneously from a single blood biopsy

Chen Xiaomin,Liu Jiahui,Li Jun,Xie Yinpeng,Yu Zichen,Shen Lu,Liu Qingfeng,Wu Wei,Zhao Qiang,Lin Haoxiang,Liu Gaotong,Luo Qiuping,Yang Ling,Huang Yi,Zhao Meiru,Yi Xin,Xia Xuefeng 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.5

Background High-throughput sequencing of blood cell-free DNA (cfDNA) techniques offer an opportunity to characterize and monitor cancer rapidly in a non-invasive and real-time manner. Nonetheless, there lacks a tool within therapeutic arsenal to identify multi-omics alterations simultaneously from a single biopsy. In current times, bisulfite-based sequencing detects 5mC and 5hmC at single-base resolution is the golden standard of DNA methylation, while the degradation of DNA and biased sequencing data are the problems of this method. Objective To identify the consistency analysis of methylation and genetic variation with single library, we presented a platform detecting multi-omics data simultaneously from a single blood biopsy using bisulfite-free method of genomic methylation sequencing (GM-seq) mediated by TET enzyme. Methods We detected methylomic and genetic changes simultaneously from a single blood biopsy in NA12878 and randomly chose ten blood biopsies from colorectal cancer or lung cancer patients to validate the ability of GM-seq. Results Similar cytosine methylation level between whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and GM-seq were identified in NA12878. Moreover, longer insert size, CpGs coverage and GC distribution were outperformed than WGBS. In addition, the comparison of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), insertion-deletion (Indel) and copy number variation (CNV) in NA12878 or ctDNA from liver cancer between GM-seq and whole genome sequencing (WGS) show a good consistency, indicating that this method is feasible for detecting genetic variation in blood. Conclusion In conclusion, our work demonstrated a method for identification of the methylated modification and genetic variations simultaneously from a single blood biopsy.