Effects of Endogenous Hormones on Variation of Shoot Branching in a Variety of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage and Related Gene Expression

Xue-Wei Cao,Hong-Mi Cui,Yuan Yao,Ai-Sheng Xiong,Xi-Lin Hou,Ying Li 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.4

Shoot branching (tillering) primarily determinesplant shoot architecture and has been studied in many plants. Shoot branching is an important trait in non-heading Chinesecabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis Makino). The B. rapassp. chinensis var. multiceps exhibits unique and multipleshoot branching characteristics. Here, we analyzed the variationin shoot branching between ‘Maertou,’ with multiple shootbranching, and ‘Suzhouqing,’ a common variety. The levelsof endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin ribosideand active gibberellins in the shoot meristem tissues of thetwo cultivars were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay during the vegetative growth stage. High levels of IAAmaintained axillary bud dormancy and repressed axillary budoutgrowth allowing shoot branching to form in the vegetativestage in ‘Suzhouqing.’ In contrast, low levels of IAA did notinhibit axillary buds in ‘Maertou,’ while a high level of cytokininpromoted axillary bud growth and branch shoot development. Exogenous hormone (rac-GR24 and 6-benzylaminopurine)treatment showed that ‘Maertou’ was relatively sensitive tocytokinin, because the fold changes of cytokinin-responsivegenes in ‘Maertou’ were significantly more frequent than thosein ‘Suzhouqing’. Cytokinin was the direct regulator for axillarybud growth of ‘Maertou’. Compared with ‘Suzhouqing’,‘Maertou’ was sensitive to cytokinin and this weakened thestrigolactone–cytokinin branching pathway.

Biosynthesis of Cephalexin in PEG400-Ammonium Sulfate and PEG400- Magnesium Sulfate Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

( Cao Xue Jun ),( Jian Hang Zhu ),( Dong Zhi Wei ),( Byung Ki Hur ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2004 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

Identification of genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens

Xue Qian,Li Guohui,Cao Yuxia,Yin Jianmei,Zhu Yunfen,Zhang Huiyong,Zhou Chenghao,Shen Haiyu,Dou Xinhong,Su Yijun,Wang Kehua,Zou Jianmin,Han Wei 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.6

Objective: Inbreeding depression of reproduction is a major concern in the conservation of native chicken genetic resources. Here, based on the successful development of strongly inbred (Sinb) and weakly inbred (Winb) Langshan chickens, we aimed to evaluate inbreeding effects on reproductive traits and identify candidate genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens. Methods: A two-sample t-test was performed to estimate the differences in phenotypic values of reproductive traits between Sinb and Winb chicken groups. Three healthy chickens with reproductive trait values around the group mean values were selected from each of the groups. Differences in ovarian and hypothalamus transcriptomes between the two groups of chickens were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: The Sinb chicken group showed an obvious inbreeding depression in reproduction, especially for traits of age at the first egg and egg number at 300 days (p<0.01). Furthermore, 68 and 618 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the hypothalamus and ovary between the two chicken groups, respectively. In the hypothalamus, DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to vitamin metabolism, signal transduction and development of the reproductive system, such as the riboflavin metabolism, Wnt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, including stimulated by retinoic acid 6, serpin family F member 1, secreted frizzled related protein 2, Wnt family member 6, and frizzled class receptor 4 genes. In the ovary, DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with basic metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycosaminoglycan degradation. A series of key DEGs involved in folate biosynthesis (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1), oocyte meiosis and ovarian function (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1, structural maintenance of chromosomes 1B, and speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member A), spermatogenesis and male fertility (prostaglandin D2 synthase 21 kDa), Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase like 1, and deuterosome assembly protein 1) were identified, and these may play important roles in inbreeding depression in reproduction. Conclusion: The results improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression in chicken reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of species resources. Objective: Inbreeding depression of reproduction is a major concern in the conservation of native chicken genetic resources. Here, based on the successful development of strongly inbred (Sinb) and weakly inbred (Winb) Langshan chickens, we aimed to evaluate inbreeding effects on reproductive traits and identify candidate genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens.Methods: A two-sample t-test was performed to estimate the differences in phenotypic values of reproductive traits between Sinb and Winb chicken groups. Three healthy chickens with reproductive trait values around the group mean values were selected from each of the groups. Differences in ovarian and hypothalamus transcriptomes between the two groups of chickens were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq).Results: The Sinb chicken group showed an obvious inbreeding depression in reproduction, especially for traits of age at the first egg and egg number at 300 days (p<0.01). Furthermore, 68 and 618 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the hypothalamus and ovary between the two chicken groups, respectively. In the hypothalamus, DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to vitamin metabolism, signal transduction and development of the reproductive system, such as the riboflavin metabolism, Wnt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, including stimulated by retinoic acid 6, serpin family F member 1, secreted frizzled related protein 2, Wnt family member 6, and frizzled class receptor 4 genes. In the ovary, DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with basic metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycosaminoglycan degradation. A series of key DEGs involved in folate biosynthesis (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1), oocyte meiosis and ovarian function (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1, structural maintenance of chromosomes 1B, and speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member A), spermatogenesis and male fertility (prostaglandin D2 synthase 21 kDa), Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase like 1, and deuterosome assembly protein 1) were identified, and these may play important roles in inbreeding depression in reproduction.Conclusion: The results improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression in chicken reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of species resources.

Sorption kinetics of sulphate ions on quaternary ammonium-modified rice straw

Wei Cao,Zhi Dang,Bao-Ling Yuan,Chun-Hua Shen,Jin Kan,Xiu-Ling Xue 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

Batch sorption experiments with variable concentration of sulphate and temperature were conducted to investigate sorption kinetics of sulphate ions on quaternary ammonium-modified rice straw (QMRS). Kinetic data were discussed with pseudo first- and second-order rate equations and diffusion models. The results showed the sorption equilibrium time is about 20 min and the activated energy Ea is 19.3 kJ/mol. Increase of temperature and initial sulphate concentration favored sorption process. The sorption kinetics followed pseudo second-order rate equation, and the overall rate was determined by film diffusion. Additionally, characterization by 13C NMR and EDS confirmed the presence of quaternary ammonium groups in QMRS.

Cell proliferation can be modulated by receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Yongjie Feng,Wei Liu,Dhiraj Kumar,Min Zhu,Renyu Xue,Guangli Cao,Xiaolong Hu,Chengliang Gong 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.4

The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) is involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway which regulates cell proliferation, polarity, differentiation, migration, metabolism and survival. However, the function of Ror2 in the silkworm Bombyx mori is still undisclosed. In the present investigation, we have made an effort to clone the silkworm Ror2 gene (BmRor2). The sequence analysis showed that the open reading frame (ORF) was 1914 bp in size and encoded a protein with the conserved domains of Ror2 protein. The qRT-PCR results indicated that the BmRor2 gene expression level was the highest in the head among all identified tis sues on 3rd day of the fifth instar larvae. In the gonads of the different development stages, the BmRor2 gene expression level was highest on the 4th day of the fourth instar larvae. The immunofluorescence assay indicated that the BmRor2 protein was located at the cytomembrane. The effects of BmRor2 protein on the expression levels of genes related to TGF-β, Hippo, JAK-STAT and Notch signaling pathways were investigated by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of crumbs (crb), warts (wts), α-catenin (cat), four-jointed (fj), decapentaplegic (dpp), kibra ortholog (kibra), serrate (serr) and c-myc (myc) genes were down-regulated, whereas, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (socs 2) gene expression was up-regulated in the cultured BmN cells after the BmRor2 expression level was up-regulated. Further, cell proliferation was demoted and the size of cells was decreased when BmRor2 expression level was elevated. Our current finding recommended that BmRo2 can regulate TGF- β, Hippo, JAKSTAT, and Notch signaling pathways, and affect cell proliferation and size.

Effect of TLR4 and B7-H1 on Immune Escape of Urothelial Bladder Cancer and its Clinical Significance

Wang, Yong-Hua,Cao, Yan-Wei,Yang, Xue-Cheng,Niu, Hai-Tao,Sun, Li-Jiang,Wang, Xin-Sheng,Liu, Jing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3

Background/Aim: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and B7-H1, both normally expressed restricted to immune cells, are found to be aberrantly expressed in a majority of human tumors and may play important roles in regulation of tumor immunity. It has been shown that urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) patients can manifest tumoral immune escape which may be a potential critical factor in tumor pathogenesis and progression. However, so far, the mechanisms of UBC-related immune escape have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TLR4 and B7-H1 on immune escape of UBC. Methods: Bladder cancer T24 cells were pre-incubated with LPS and co-cultured with tumor specific CTLs. CTL cytotoxicity and apoptosis rates were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The effects of an ERK inhibitor on B7-H1 expression and CTL cytotoxicity against T24 cells were also evaluated. In addition, TLR4, B7-H1 and PD-1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 60 UBC specimens and 10 normal urothelia. Results: TLR4 activation protected T24 cells from CTL killing via B7-H1 overexpression. However PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, enhanced CTL killing of T24 cells by reducing B7-H1 expression. TLR4 expression was generally decreased in UBC specimens, while B7-H1 and PD-1 were greatly overexpressed. Moreover, expression of both B7-H1 and PD-1 was significantly associated with UICC stage and WHO grade classification. Conclusions: TLR4 and B7-H1 may contribute to immune escape of UBC. Targeting B7-H1 or the ERK pathway may offer new immunotherapy strategies for bladder cancer.

A Case of Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type with Dermatomyositis

( Yu Gong ),( Ke Xue ),( Yifan Hu ),( Rong Wei ),( Yeqiang Liu ),( Hua Cao ),( Yuling Shi ) 대한피부과학회 2021 Annals of Dermatology Vol.33 No.2

Isomeric Folate-Conjugated Polymeric Micelles Bind to Folate Receptors and Display Anticancer Effects

Dong, Qing,Xie, Zuo-Xu,Xie, Cao,Lu, Wei-Yue,Zhang, Qian,Li, Xue,Liu, Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

The present study aimed to prepare and evaluate polymeric micelles conjugated with folic acid through ${\alpha}$- or ${\gamma}$-carboxyl groups for antitumor efficacy. The isomeric block copolymers, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-folate-polyethyleneglycol-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-Fol-PEG-DSPE), were produced by solid phase peptide synthesis. Three types of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded polymeric micelles (MPEG-DSPE-DOX and ${\alpha}$- / ${\gamma}$-Fol-PEG-DSPEDOX micelles) were prepared via the film formation method. Compared with MPEG-DSPE-DOX micelles, the ${\alpha}$- / ${\gamma}$-Fol-PEG-DSPE-DOX micelles presented a higher cellular uptake behavior in the live cell study. Cell viability percentages were 81.8%, 57.3%, 56.6% at 2 hours for MPEG-DSPE-DOX, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-Fol-PEG-DSPE-DOX micelles, respectively (p<0.05). Using the KB xenograft tumor model, both ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-folate-conjugated micelles were found to have better antitumor effects with lower toxicity in comparison with MPEG-DSPE-DOX micelles. No difference in in vivo antitumor efficacy was found between ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-Fol-PEG-DSPE-DOX micelles. The folate-conjugated micelles might be a potentially useful strategy for tumor targeting of therapeutic agents, whether grafting with folic acid through ${\alpha}$- or ${\gamma}$-carboxyl groups.

Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives Inhibit Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis

( Xiao-qiang Li ),( Xiao-xiao Liu ),( Xue-ying Wang ),( Yan-hua Xie ),( Qian Yang ),( Xin-xin Liu ),( Yuan-yuan Ding ),( Wei Cao ),( Si-wang Wang ) 한국응용약물학회 2017 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.25 No.3

The chemical property of cinnamaldehyde is unstable in vivo, although early experiments have shown its obvious therapeutic effects on viral myocarditis (VMC). To overcome this problem, we used cinnamaldehyde as a leading compound to synthesize derivatives. Five derivatives of cinnamaldehyde were synthesized: 4-methylcinnamaldehyde (1), 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (2), 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (3), α-bromo-4-methylcinnamaldehyde (4), and α-bromo-4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (5). Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells infected by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were used to evaluate their antiviral and cytotoxic effects. In vivo BALB/c mice were infected with CVB3 for establishing VMC models. Among the derivatives, compound 4 and 5 inhibited the CVB3 in HeLa cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations values of 11.38 ± 2.22 μM and 2.12 ± 0.37 μM, respectively. The 50% toxic concentrations of compound 4 and 5-treated cells were 39-fold and 87-fold higher than in the cinnamaldehyde group. Compound 4 and 5 effectively reduced the viral titers and cardiac pathological changes in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compound 4 and 5 significantly inhibited the secretion, mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in CVB3-infected cardiomyocytes, indicating that brominated cinnamaldehyde not only improved the anti-vital activities for VMC, but also had potent anti-inflammatory effects in cardiomyocytes induced by CVB3.

Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives Inhibit Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis

Li, Xiao-Qiang,Liu, Xiao-Xiao,Wang, Xue-Ying,Xie, Yan-Hua,Yang, Qian,Liu, Xin-Xin,Ding, Yuan-Yuan,Cao, Wei,Wang, Si-Wang The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2017 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.25 No.3

The chemical property of cinnamaldehyde is unstable in vivo, although early experiments have shown its obvious therapeutic effects on viral myocarditis (VMC). To overcome this problem, we used cinnamaldehyde as a leading compound to synthesize derivatives. Five derivatives of cinnamaldehyde were synthesized: 4-methylcinnamaldehyde (1), 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (2), 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (3), ${\alpha}$-bromo-4-methylcinnamaldehyde (4), and ${\alpha}$-bromo-4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (5). Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells infected by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were used to evaluate their antiviral and cytotoxic effects. In vivo BALB/c mice were infected with CVB3 for establishing VMC models. Among the derivatives, compound 4 and 5 inhibited the CVB3 in HeLa cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations values of $11.38{\pm}2.22{\mu}M$ and $2.12{\pm}0.37{\mu}M$, respectively. The 50% toxic concentrations of compound 4 and 5-treated cells were 39-fold and 87-fold higher than in the cinnamaldehyde group. Compound 4 and 5 effectively reduced the viral titers and cardiac pathological changes in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compound 4 and 5 significantly inhibited the secretion, mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in CVB3-infected cardiomyocytes, indicating that brominated cinnamaldehyde not only improved the anti-vital activities for VMC, but also had potent anti-inflammatory effects in cardiomyocytes induced by CVB3.