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The Comparison Study of Advanced Physical Education in China, the U.S.A., and Canada
( Chaojun Wang ),( Shuna Zhang ),( Xinxin Pei ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1
Purpose: The paper is a result of the experience and material collected during the author`s trip to the U.S.A. And Canada for a further study. A comparison study is carried out to find out the differences among the three countries` university physical education, which is meaningful as a reference for not only the three countries but also other countries. Method: The methods used in the study are research methods of documents, interview and comparison analysis. Result: A comparison study is carried out in the six aspects of the administration, recruitment, discipline construction, curriculum construction, teaching staff construction, sports teams construction and campus sport culture in the three countries` advanced physical education, Conclusion: Main conclusions are reached as follows. Firstly, the administrative systems in the three countries are different, and the administrative institutional establishment in these countries differ from each other. There is more autonomy in running a university in the U.S.A , while in Canada there is no state-level higher education administration organization, and the administration of the universities and colleges is controlled by the higher education department of each province, with a high autonomy of the provinces and the universities. Secondly, there are some differences among the three countries` university recruitment. In the U.S.A., the students have to attend ACT or SAT for the enrollment, but the exams are different from those in China in the nature. Canada`s enrollment is based on the self-recommendation and the teacher-school recommendation, and the doctoral students have to pass the comprehensive exams after entrance to be qualified for starting their doctoral dissertations.Students will apply for the recruitment of the sport major according to their interests. There is no unified sport test, which is different from that of China. Thirdly,the three countries have sport discipline construction in their universities, which is mainly determined by the first level discipline it separately belongs to in each country. China is learning from the U.S.A and Canada for their discipline construction, which makes them similar. Modularity training plan is applied by the universities in the U.S.A., and the discipline is the same as that of Canada. In Canada, sport is subdivided into health science, and the health science college is made up of sports department, medicine department, and rehabilitation department. The courses for sport majors in Canada are more directed and practical,such as national-class coach certificate and sport psychology consultation, while that of China is sport science. Fourthly, the social systems and development levels in the three countries are different, which decides the different cultivation aims of the students. The aim of physical education in the U.S.A and Canada is to help students enjoy the pleasure brought by physical exercise and healthy and positive life, and to emphasize physical exercise awareness, while those of China are different, where after-class physical exercise is based on enforcement and awareness, which is quite different. Fifthly, there are differences in teaching qualification of the three countries. The teachers are required to have the experience of practice for a certain period of time and the exact evaluation of the supervisor besides a degree of a relevant major according to the university teachers qualification in the U.S.A. And Canada.the promotion of the sport teachers` academic titles is based on their contribution to the academy, scientific research and the society, but the classification of the academic titles is not as complete as that in China. Lastly, the exploration of the sport culture in the three countries` universities is quite different from each other. Both the U.S.A. And Canada have very special features for their own campus sport culture, while the exploration of China`s campus sport culture still has a long way to go.
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Xiaoqi Yu,Xiaoyi Liu,Yuanli Li,Huimin He,Xinxin Pei,Tengfei Ma,Yuanyuan Chen,Yi Wang,Hongxia Li,Wenchu Lin,Changzhi Xu,Buchang Zhang 한국식품과학회 2024 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.33 No.8
Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), an odd-chain saturated fatty acid (OCSFA) in ruminant lipid, has been demonstrated to be potential for treating cancers. Our results also showed that sheep tail fat (STF) with higher level of C17:0-containing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) whereas lower level of oleic acid (C18:1), performed remarkable inhibition against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. To enrich the content of C17:0, a C17:0-rich SFA concentrate (HRSC) was prepared from STF by solvent crystallization and urea complexation methods (hexane/STF = 3.5/1, 4 °C for 8 h, and 80% ethanol/urea/free fatty acids = 8/1/1, 4 °C for 6 h). The content of C17:0 was up from 3.02 to 6.34% and the recovery was 4.17%. Biological experiments showed that HRSC exerted better antiproliferative effect against NSCLC cells. Moreover, HRSC performed enhanced inhibitory effect in A549 cell xenograft mouse model. Therefore, HRSC has the potential to be applied in adjuvant therapy for NSCLC.
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